Encyclopedia

List of British butterflies This is a list of British butterflies, past and present. (Please note that details on specific species are relevant to the UK populations and some details may not be consistent with the species in other parts of its range)
List of British comedians This is a list of comedians of British birth or famous mainly in Britain. Many of the comedy panel-game regulars and sitcom actors may not be regarded as comedians by some people but they are included here because this page uses the word "comedian" in its broadest possible sense.
List of British Columbia general elections This article provides a summary of results for the general elections to the Canadian province of British Columbia's unicameral legislative body, the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The number of seats has increased over time, from 25 for the first election in 1871, to the current 79.
List of British Columbia premiers by time in office This is a list of premiers of the province of British Columbia in order of time served in office as premiers as of November 21, 2006. The preceding premier always stays in office during an election campaign, and that time is included in the total.
List of British Columbia provincial electoral districts This is a list of British Columbia's 79 provincial electoral districts (also known as ridings in Canadian English) as defined by the 1999 Representation Order, which came into effect for the 2001 election. Obsolete historical districts are listed in the British Columbia provincial electoral districts category page, which can be reached via the Canadian electoral districts category link at the bottom of the individual riding pages listed below.
List of British Commonwealth Air Training Plan facilities in Canada This article contains a List of Facilities of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), a major program for training Allied air crews during World War II, operated schools and facilities in all nine Canadian provinces (Newfoundland and Labrador was not yet part of Canada).
List of British football players with dual nationality The following is a list of British football players with dual nationality. It includes both players who can trace their origins to a foreign country and those who have attained foreign nationality during their career, as well as players who hail from semi-autonomous regions within countries.
List of British Forces in the American Revolutionary War This is a list of British Forces in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) who fought against the American rebels (also known as the Patriots) and their French and Spanish allies, including battles in Florida and the West Indies. It also includes American Loyalist units (also known as Tories), West Indian units, and mercenary units, the latter of whom were recruited from numerous German states and known collectively as Hessians.
List of British gallantry awards for the Iraq War A list of British awards for gallantry in the Iraq War from 2003 onwards. Apart from the Distinguished Service Order, a purely military award for leadership in combat, only gallantry awards have been included and only those that allow post-nominal letters.
List of British heritage and private railways This list of British heritage and private railways is intended as a list of railways (railroads) in Great Britain and the Channel Islands that are privately owned or for kept, built and run for heritage. For rail museums, see List of British railway museums.
List of British ice hockey league champions This is a list of the champions of British ice hockey's highest league (or leagues) since the inaugruation of the English League in 1931. British ice hockey has undergone numerous changes in structure and format including periods of regional and national leagues and periods of professional and ametuer leagues.
List of British Jewish entertainers List of British Jewish entertainers is a list that includes entertainers (actors, directors, screenwriters, musicians and others) from the United Kingdom and its predecessor states who are or were Jewish or of Jewish descent.
List of British Jewish politicians List of British Jewish politicians is a list that includes Jews and people of Jewish descent who served as politicians in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states or who were born in the United Kingdom and had notable political careers abroad.
List of British mammals This is a list of British Mammals. The British mammal fauna is somewhat impoverished compared to that of continental Europe due to the short period of time between the last ice age and the flooding of the land bridge between Britain and the rest of Europe.
List of British Members of Parliament who crossed the floor Members of the British House of Commons sometimes cross the floor and abandon a previous party membership to take up a new one. The following list details the dates, Members involved, previous and new party affiliations, and an explanation for their switch.
List of British professional bodies The following is a list of professional bodies in the United Kingdom. Membership of a professional body does not necessarily mean that a person possesses qualifications in the subject area, nor that they are legally able to practice their profession.
List of British railway-owned locomotive builders Many early locomotive works disappeared as railways merged or they became simply motive power depots. Some, like Bromsgrove, made only one or two new locomotives but, for even the largest, overhaul and repair of the existing fleet was the main activity.
List of British rulers and high officials in Bengal The following list gives the names, titles and tenures of the supreme British officials in Bengal between 1681 and 1947. The first is William Hedges, who was appointed the first Chief Agent of Bengal by the British East India Company in 1681.
List of British television series remade for the U.S. market Many successful British TV shows (particularly sitcoms and reality shows) have been remade for the American market. The amount of reworking varies with some shows (such as All in the Family) keeping the basic situation and then adding many original features while others have taken complete scripts verbatim (such as Amanda's).
List of British university Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors This page contains a list of the Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of British universities. In most cases, the chancellor is an outside ceremonial head, while the vice-chancellor is chief academic officer and chief executive.
List of British weapon L numbers This is a listing of British Army Weapons identified by their L number (L standing for Land service). The L number alone is not a unique identifier, for instance there is an L11 automatic pistol, machine gun and tank gun.
List of British words not widely used in the United States * Words with specific British English meanings that have different meanings in American and/or additional meanings common to both languages (eg pants, cot) are to be found at List of words having different meanings in American and British English, as are compounds derived from such words (eg cot death). When such words are herein used or referenced, they are marked with the flag [DM] (different meaning).
List of Brotherhood of Mutants Members The Brotherhood of Mutants, also known as the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants and the Brotherhood, is a team of comic book mutant supervillains in Marvel Comics' universe who are devoted to mutant superiority over normal humans. Their roster has varied and has included many powerful and dangerous mutants, and they have often been at odds with the X-Men, although on rare occasions they have worked alongside them, usually in order to overcome some greater evil.
List of BSA religious emblems As the twelfth point of the Boy Scout Law ("A Scout is Reverent"), the Relationships Committee of the Boy Scouts of America maintains dialogue with major religious organizations whose thoughts on religion are somewhat consistent with the BSA's Declaration of Religious Principles. In addition to those organizations serving as chartered partners of the BSA, many of them offer optional religious awards that may be earned by a youth who learns significantly about his faith or an adult that serves youth of his or her religious faith over and above the call of normal activities.
List of BSD operating systems There are a number of Unix-like operating systems under active development, descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) series of UNIX variants. Currently, there are four major BSD operating systems, and an increasing number of other OSs derived from these, that add or remove certain features but generally remain compatible with their originating OS — and so are not really forks of them.
List of BTCC champions The title of BTCC champion is awarded to the driver who scores the most points overall in a British Touring Car Championship season. From 1992-present a separate championship was awarded to the winning 'independent' (not officially manufacturer backed) driver, and from 2000-2003 the Production class had its own championship for the best 'class B' driver.
List of Buddhist writers This list of Buddhist writers lists people who write about Buddhism. The topic can be more varied than might be expected, however, since Buddhism often discusses everything from deep psychoanalysis, to the right frame of mind when washing dishes.
List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes The following is a list of episodes for the American cult television series, Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The series began its first season on March 10, 1997 and continued to air for seven seasons until its finale in May 19, 2003.
List of Buffyverse historical flashbacks Listed below are summaries of historical flashbacks on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel. These show events that take place earlier than the fictional present continuity of the episode in question.
List of Bulgarian toponyms in Antarctica Bulgarian toponyms in Antarctica are approved by the Antarctic Place-names Commission in compliance with its Toponymic Guidelines, and formally given by the President of the Republic according to the Bulgarian Constitution and the established international practice. Details of the Bulgarian Antarctic toponyms are published by the websites of the Commission and the international Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica maintained by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).
List of Business Routes of the Interstate Highway System The Interstate Highway System of the United States, in addition to being a network of freeways, also includes a number of Business Routes assigned by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. The routes are signed with green shields resembling the Interstate Highway shield.
List of calypso musicians This is a list of calypso musicians. Bands are listed by the first letter in their name (not including the words "a", "an", or "the"), artistes by surname or sobriquet (excluding "Lord", "Mighty" or "King").
List of calypso-like genres The Caribbean music area is home to a number of music genres that share certain characteristics that are often compared to the calypso music of Trinidad, and can be considered calypso-like. These genres are united by an Afro-Caribbean heritage, a vocal emphasis on rhythmic, alliterative and rhyming texts with political, erotic, satirical or humorous tones.
List of campus preachers Many American universities and colleges experience regular visits from itinerant campus preachers who typically occupy a prominent on-campus location for a day or two before moving on to another school. These campus preachers are often outspoken, with extreme viewpoints and overblown rhetorical styles.
List of campus radio stations This is a list of radio stations run by the students of a college, university or other educational institution. In the United States they are called campus radio stations or college radio stations and in the United Kingdom they are called student radio stations.
List of cancelled Virtual Boy games This is a list of cancelled games planned for Nintendo's Virtual Boy video game console, organized alphabetically by their English title. It does not include any nameless games planned and/or produced by various companies.
List of cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach This is a list of cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach in order of BWV number as given in Wolfgang Schmieder's catalogue of Bach's works. It should be noted that they are not in chronological order (the earliest cantata by Bach, for example, is believed to be either Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich, BWV 150, or Aus der Tiefe rufe ich, Herr, zu dir, BWV 131).
List of capitals in the United States This is a list of current and former national and subnational capital cities in the United States, which includes the legislature or seat of government of all states, territories, colonies, or kingdoms that are or were located in the United States, organized by current U.S.
List of cardinals The following is an alphabetical list of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church. It includes the March 2006 creations by Benedict XVI, but is not updated, as it also includes some whose deaths occurred even decades ago.
List of caricatures at Sardi's restaurant The following is an alphabetized incomplete list of celebrities who have posed for caricatures at Sardi's restaurant in New York City. The single common denominator among them is that they have all eaten at Sardi's.
List of case-sensitive English words This page lists capitonyms, pairs of English words (excluding abbreviations and proper names) with different meaning distinguished only by capitalization. Some pairs – such as "polish" and "Polish" – are also pronounced differently.
List of castles and palaces in Denmark This is a consolidated list of castles and palaces in Denmark. The Danish word slot , like the word schloss in the related Germanic language— modern German— can mean either castle or palace, in accordance with common English usage.
List of cat breeds The following list of cat breeds uses a wide interpretation of the word "breed". Breeds listed here may be traditional breeds with long histories as registered breeds, rare breeds with their own registries, or new breeds that may still be under development.
List of cathedrals This is a list of cathedrals around the world, including both actual cathedrals (seats of bishops in episcopal denominations, such as Catholicism, Anglicanism, and Orthodoxy) and a few prominent churches from non-episcopal denominations that have the word "cathedral" in their names.
List of cathedrals in France This is a list of cathedrals in France, including both actual and former diocesan cathedrals (seats of bishops in episcopal denominations, such as Catholicism, Anglicanism, and Orthodoxy) and a few prominent churches from non-episcopal denominations that have the word "cathedral" in their names.
List of cathedrals in the United States This is a list of cathedrals in the United States, including both actual cathedrals (seats of bishops in episcopal denominations, such as Catholicism, Anglicanism, and Orthodoxy) and a few prominent churches from non-episcopal denominations that have the word "cathedral" in their names. The United States is, according to some ways of working it out, home to the largest cathedral in the world; the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine in New York City.
List of caves in Arkansas Arkansas, especially North-western Arkansas with its karst topography, is known for its many caves. This list of caves in Arkansas concentrates on caves that converted into tourists attractions and is arranged from oldest to newest and includes the location and date they opened to the public.
List of celebrities A celebrity is a person who is widely-recognized in a given society and commands a degree of public and media attention. The word is derived from the Latin celebritas, from the adjective celeber ("famous," "celebrated").
List of celebrities appearing on Curb Your Enthusiasm In several episodes of the HBO original series, Curb Your Enthusiasm, celebrities, including actors, authors, musicians and athletes, have lent their celebrity to the show, playing themselves. The following is a list of such appearances.
List of celebrities appearing on Entourage In several episodes of the HBO original series, Entourage, celebrities, including actors, authors, musicians and athletes, have lent their celebrity to the show, playing themselves. However, in most cases, many aspects of their life are fictionalized.
List of celebrity guest stars on Sesame Street This is a list of celebrity guest stars on the children's television series Sesame Street. An asterisk (*) indicates those celebrities who are known to have recited or sung the alphabet during their appearance.
List of cemeteries in Budapest This is a list of cemeteries in Budapest, Hungary. The most famous of them is Kerepesi Cemetery, one of the biggest national pantheons in Europe, where several Hungarian notables are buried in ornate monuments.
List of censored music videos This is a list of music videos that have been banned or have censored content either on MTV (and its international affiliates), MTV2, VH1, CMT, BET, Q TV, Juice TV, Fuse, The Box, C4 or MuchMusic. This includes videos that haven't been entirely banned on all channels (for example, Tool's "Prison Sex" does play on C4, but have been banned by MTV and MuchMusic).
List of census divisions of Canada by population The following table lists Canada's census divisions by population, from highest to lowest. Clicking on the province's two letter abbreviation will take you to a list of census divisions for that province with links.
List of cetaceans The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. It has just over eighty living species, divided into the suborders Odontoceti (the toothed whales, including dolphins and porpoises) and Mysticeti (the baleen whales).
List of cinemas in Thailand Cinemas in Thailand are dominated by the Major Cineplex company, which owns the Major Cineplex chain as well as the EGV chain and operates the Paragon Cineplex at Siam Paragon as well as Thailand's only IMAX theater. Behind the combined Major Cineplex-EGV, SF Cinema City is the No 2 operator of movie theaters.
List of circle kick variants Circle kick is the most common game played with a footbag, and it is the game people usually refer to when they talk about "hacking the sack" or "hacky sack". Players stand in a circle, do tricks with the footbag, and keep it moving around the circle.
List of circulating currencies This list of circulating currencies contains the 194 current official or de facto currencies of the 192 United Nations member states, one UN observer state, three partially recognized sovereign states, six unrecognized countries, and 32 dependencies. All dependencies on the table below will be italicized.
List of cities and towns in Hungary Hungary has 3152 localities on the 1st of January, 2007: 289 towns (Hungarian term: város, plural: városok; the terminology doesn't distinguish between cities and towns – the term town is used in official translations) and 2863 villages (Hungarian: község, plural: községek). The number of towns can change, since villages can be elevated to town status by act of the President. The Capital Budapest has a special status and is not included in any county while 23 of the towns are so-called urban counties (megyei jogú város – town with county rights). All county seats except Budapest are urban counties, together with 5 other towns having more than 50 thousand population.
List of cities by surface area This is a list of the world's largest cities in terms of their surface area. This list is limited to clear, unambiguously defined, political jurisdictions which (in their own language) identify themselves as cities.
List of cities in Algeria This is a list of Algerian cities and towns with more than 100,000 inhabitants, and towns and villages with more than 20,000 inhabitants, for a list of all the 1,541 communes of Algeria, see list of communes in Algeria, and for the postal code of an Algerian city, see list of postal codes of Algerian cities.
List of cities in California There are 478 incorporated cities in California, 22 of which are styled "Town of (Name)" instead of "City of (Name)." They are arranged in alphabetical order, with the "towns" marked '*'.
List of cities in Greece This is a list of cities in Greece with more than 20,000 inhabitants . The population figures do not include suburbs or adjacent municipalities ; thus, in larger cities, they encompass only the central districts rather than the wider metropolitan area.
List of cities in Lithuania In Lithuania there are 103 cities (in Lithuanian: singular - miestas, plural miestai). The term city is defined by the Parliament of Lithuania as compact areas populated by more than 3,000 people of whom at least two thirds work in the industry or service sector.
List of cities in Missouri In Missouri, cities are classified into three types: Class 3, Class 4, and those under constitutional charters. A few older cities are incorporated under legislative charters (Carrollton, Chillicothe, LaGrange, Liberty, Miami, Missouri City, and Pleasant Hill) which are no longer allowed.
List of cities in Montenegro This is a list of cities in Montenegro. For a list of municipalities, see Internal structure of Montenegro; for a category, see :Category:Cities, towns and villages in Montenegro; for a list of all places in Montenegro, see List of places in Montenegro.
List of cities in Nauru The Republic of Nauru originally consisted of 169 villages; by 1900 these were already partly abandoned, uninhabited or destroyed. With the increasing population growth the single villages merged into a single connected settlement, which today is spread out around the entire coastal strip.
List of cities in Portugal This is a list of cities in Portugal. In Portugal, a city (Portuguese: cidade) is a honorific term given to locations that meet several criteria, such as having a minimum number of inhabitants, good infrastructures, like schools, medical care, cultural and sports facilities, or have a major historical importance.
List of cities in Serbia This is a list of cities and towns in Serbia. For a list of municipalities, see Subdivisions of Serbia; for a list of all places in Serbia, see List of places in Serbia; for a list of villages in Serbia, see List of villages in Serbia.
List of cities in South Africa See also: List of towns in South Africa, List of cities and towns in the Eastern Cape, List of cities and towns in the Free State, List of cities and towns in Gauteng, List of cities and towns in KwaZulu-Natal, List of cities and towns in Limpopo, List of cities and towns in Mpumalanga, List of cities and towns in the Northern Cape, List of cities and towns in the North West Province and List of cities and towns in the Western Cape
List of cities in the Americas with alternative names Following the model of List of European cities with alternative names, this article lists cities in the Americas that have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons.
List of cities in Utah (by population) This is a list ranking the top thirty cities in the state of Utah according to total population for 2005, estimated in 2000. The head counts given were prepared by the Utah Population Estimates Committee as a projection for the year 2005, while the land area and density are from the Census 2000.
List of cities in Washington (by population) This is a list of cities in Washington, USA, by population according to the 2000 United States Census. Cities highlighted in green are part of the Seattle—Tacoma—Bremerton, WA consolidated metropolitan statistical area.
List of cities in Western Sahara The following are cities in Western Sahara, listed by population. Due to an ongoing conflict over the territory, the majority is controlled by Morocco, and the eastern and southern portions are contolled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
List of cities with more than one airport *Berlin is served by three airports: historically, one was in the East Germany and the other two in West Berlin. The western airports are Tegel International Airport and Tempelhof airport, the eastern one Schönefeld International Airport.
List of cities without visibility of total solar eclipses for more than one thousand years Statistically, it is highly unlikely for any area of the Earth to go without visibility of a total solar eclipse for 1,000 years; the probability that a city has exists in an area where such is the case is extremely rare. The following is a non exhaustive list of such cities.
List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus This is a list of settlements in Cyprus. The list first lists the English name followed by the Greek name in Greek script - If this name differs from the English name, the Greek name is then rendered in the Latin alphabet - followed further by the Turkish names.
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina This is a list of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina, a province of Serbia. Largest cities of Vojvodina are: Novi Sad (215,659), Subotica (99,471), Zrenjanin (79,545), Pančevo (76,110), Sombor (50,950), Kikinda (41,825), Sremska Mitrovica (39,041), Vršac (36,001), Ruma (32,125), Bačka Palanka (29,431), Inđija (26,244), Vrbas (25,887), Bečej (25,703), Senta (20,363), Kula (19,293), Apatin (19,289), Temerin (19,143).
List of cities, towns, and villages in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg A list of major cities and towns in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county in eastern Hungary ordered by population, according to the 2001 census. For the list of villages see the navigation box at the foot of the page.
List of city nicknames in the United States This partial list of city nicknames in the United States compiles the aliases, sobriquets and slogans that cities are known by, officially and unofficially, to locals, outsiders or their tourism boards. Some of the nicknames are positive, while others are derisive.
List of civil parishes in North Yorkshire This is a list of civil parishes in the non-metropolitan county of North Yorkshire, England, and the non-metropolitan districts of Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland, Stockton-on-Tees (south of the river) and York.
List of civil parishes in Northamptonshire This is a list of civil parishes in Northamptonshire, England. Most parishes have their own parish council, but some smaller parishes may have a parish meeting, or may join together to form a combined parish council.
List of classic Metal Gear characters This is a list of characters appearing in the video game titles Metal Gear and Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, the first two canonical games in the Metal Gear series. The two games were originally released in 1987 and 1990 respectively for the MSX2 home computer in Japan, with the original Metal Gear being ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System and released worldwide.
List of classical guitarists Classical guitarists generally perform on classical guitars with classical guitar technique. They perform both classical guitar music and transcriptions of European classical music written for other instruments.
List of classical music competitions The European Classical art music idiom has long relied on the institution of music competitions to provide a public forum that identifies the strongest young players and contributes to the establishment of their professional careers. This is a list of classical music competitions.
List of classical music styles Classical music in its widest sense refers to music composed in a classical tradition and intended as serious art, especially as distinguished from popular or folk music. The term is generally used to "canonize" a musical tradition dating to a period which is the "golden age" of music for a particular culture.
List of clichéd classical pieces Some pieces of classical music are so widely used or recognized that they have become clichés. One of the most common ways for a piece of classical music to become a cliché is its use in a television show or a movie: for example, the use of the Rossini overture (below) in the TV show The Lone Ranger, or of the Wagner Ride of the Valkyries in the movie Apocalypse Now.
List of clinical psychologists This list includes notable Clinical Psychologists and contributors to Clinical psychology, some of whom may not have thought of themselves primarily as Clinical psychologists but are included here because of their important contributions to the discipline.
List of clowns == Famous circus-style clowns Lowell Swortzell, Here Come the Clowns: A Cavalcade of Comedy from Antiquity To the Present, Publisher: Viking Press, 1978 ISBN 0-670-36874-1 Frank Foster and Willan G. Bosworth, Clowning Through Publisher: Heath Cranston LTD London, 1937 ==
List of cocktails A cocktail is a style of mixed drink made predominantly with a distilled beverage, such as vodka, gin, whiskey, rum, or tequila, mixed with another drink other than water. Cocktails usually contain one or more types of liqueur, fruit, sauce, honey, milk or cream, spices, or other flavorings.
List of code names in the Doctrine and Covenants The original 1835 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants, a book of LDS scripture, used code names for certain people and places. The 1981 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints edition replaced these with the real names, relegating the code names to footnotes.
List of coffeehouse chains This is a list of coffeehouse chains around the world. This list excludes the many companies which operate coffeeshops within retail establishments, notably bookstores and department stores, or restaurants or convenience stores which also serve coffee.
List of cohomology theories This is a list of some of the ordinary and generalized (or extraordinary) homology and cohomology theories in algebraic topology that are defined on the categories of CW complexes or spectra. For other sorts of homology theories see the links at the end of this article.
List of colleges and universities in Alabama This is a list of colleges and universities in Alabama. This list also includes other educational institutions providing higher education, meaning tertiary, quaternary, and, in some cases, post-secondary education.
List of colleges and universities in Alaska This is a list of colleges and universities in Alaska. This list also includes other educational institutions providing higher education, meaning tertiary, quaternary, and, in some cases, post-secondary education.
List of colleges and universities in American Samoa This is a list of colleges and universities in American Samoa. This list also includes other educational institutions providing higher education, meaning tertiary, quaternary, and, in some cases, post-secondary education.
List of colleges and universities in Arizona This is a list of colleges and universities in Arizona. This list also includes other educational institutions providing higher education, meaning tertiary, quaternary, and, in some cases, post-secondary education.
List of colleges and universities in Arkansas This is a list of colleges and universities in Arkansas. This list also includes other educational institutions providing higher education, meaning tertiary, quaternary, and, in some cases, post-secondary education.
List of colleges and universities in California This is a list of colleges and universities in California. This list also includes other educational institutions providing higher education, meaning tertiary, quaternary, and, in some cases, post-secondary education.
List of colleges and universities in Colorado This is a list of colleges and universities in Colorado. This list also includes other educational institutions providing higher education, meaning tertiary, quaternary, and, in some cases, post-secondary education.

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