Encyclopedia

Languages of Mexico Mexico has a wide linguistic diversity; apart from Spanish, the government recognizes 62 indigenous Amerindian languages as national languages. According to the Council for the Development of the Indigenous Peoples (CDI), 13% of the population is of Amerindian origin; nonetheless only 6% of the population speaks an Indigenous language.
Languages of Mozambique Portuguese is the official and most widely spoken language of Mozambique, because Bantus speak several of their different languages (most widely used of these are Swahili, Makua, Sena, Ndau, and Shangaan — these have many Portuguese-origin words), but 40% of all people speak it — 31%, mostly Bantus, as their second language and only 9%, mostly pure-blooded Portuguese and mestiços, speak it as their first language.
Languages of Pakistan Most of the languages of Pakistan are part of the family of Indo-European languages and span the Indo-Iranian range of that family with the Indo-Aryan languages predominant in the east and the Iranian languages the most significant in the west as well as Dardic languages in the north and northwest.
Languages of Romania There are a number of languages spoken in Romania, although Romanian remains the only official language nationwide. Romanian is spoken by approximately 90% of the population as a primary language, with significant minority languages being Hungarian, Romani and German.
Languages of Russia Over 100 languages are spoken in Russia, with the largest and most common being Russian. Russian is the only official language of Russia, but “autonomous” federal subjects of Russia such as the Republics of Russia have given official status to local languages.
Languages of Serbia Serbia has only one nationwide official language, which is Serbian. Other non-official languages of Serbia include Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian (all of which are official only in Vojvodina), and Albanian (which is only official in Kosovo).
Languages of Sweden Sweden has no official language, but Swedish, a North Germanic language which is quite similar to its sister North Germanic Languages, Danish and Norwegian, is spoken by the vast majority of the nine million inhabitants of the country, holds a de-facto position as such, and is also the national language of the Swedish people.
Languages of the African Union The languages of the African Union (AU) are languages used by citizens within the member states of the AU. The Union has defined all languages of Africa as official, and currently uses Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese as its working languages Article 25 of the Constitutive Act of African Union, due to the Arab conquest of North Africa and colonization making the languages of Europe linguas franca in various parts of Africa.
Languages of the Caucasus The languages of the Caucasus are a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in the Caucasus region of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Linguistic studies allow those languages to be classified into several language families, with little or no discernible affinity to each other.
Languages of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom does not have a constitutionally defined official language. English is the main language (being spoken monolingually by more than 70% of the UK population) and is thus the de facto official language.
Languages of the United States Although the United States currently has no official language, English has long been the de facto national language. English is spoken by about 82% of the population as a native language and nearly everyone in the United States uses it as a daily language.
Languages of the Vatican City The official language of the Vatican City is Latin, the variety employed by the church being known as Ecclesiastical Latin, which has a standardized system of pronunciation. However, the status of Latin is more a historical, symbolic gesture than a practical one.
Languages of Taiwan A large majority of people on Taiwan speak Standard Mandarin, which has been the only officially sanctioned medium of instruction in the schools for more than four decades. Native Taiwanese and many others also speak one of the Southern Fujianese dialects, Min-nan, also known as Taiwanese locally.
Languages of Texas Of the languages spoken in Texas none has been designated the official language, although it is largely monolingual with English being the de facto main language. Throughout Texas history English, Spanish, and French have all been the primary dominant language used by government officials.
Languages of Vanuatu Vanuatu has three official languages, English, French, and Bislama, a creole language evolved from English. Bislama is the first language of many urban ni-Vanuatu, that is, the residents of Port Vila and Luganville.
Languages of Zambia About seventy languages are spoken in Zambia, most of them of the Bantu language family. The seven most widely spoken indigenous languages have been elevated to official status by the Zambian government; these are Bemba, Nyanja, Kaonde, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, and Tonga.
Langue (linguistics) Langue (French, meaning "language") is a linguistic term used by Ferdinand de Saussure which describes language as a system of conventions and rules. This is as opposed to parole, which describes language in use.
Languedoc Languedoc (pronounced ) (Lengadòc (pronounced ) in Occitan) is a former province of France, now continued in the modern-day régions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées in the south of France, and whose capital city was Toulouse, now in Midi-Pyrénées. It had an area of approximately 42,700 km² (16,490 sq.
Languedoc wine Languedoc wine (typically labeled "vin de pays d'Oc") is produced in the Languedoc region of south-west France bordering Spain to the west and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Historically of mediocre quality, it constitutes over one third of all wine produced in France and is a major contributor to the surplus known as the "wine lake".
Langues d'oĂŻl Langues d'oĂŻl is the linguistic and historical designation of the Gallo-Romance languages which originated in the northern territories of Roman Gaul now occupied by northern France, part of Belgium and the Channel Islands.
Langwarrin SC The Langwarrin Soccer Club are an Australian football (soccer) club from Langwarrin, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The club was formed in 1964, and currently play in the Victorian State League Division 1.
Langweiler Langweiler is an archaeological site situated in the Merzbach Valley on the Aldenhovener Plateau of western Germany. Systematic excavations have revealed evidence of 160 houses from eight distinct settlement sites, plus three enclosures and a cemetery, belonging to the period 5300-4900 BC.
Lanham Act The Lanham (Trademark) Act (title 15, chapter 22 of the United States Code) is a piece of legislation that contains the federal statutes of trademark law in the United States. The Act prohibits a number of activities, including trademark infringement, trademark dilution, and false advertising.
Lanham-Seabrook, Maryland Lanham-Seabrook is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland. The combination is arbitrary, and in the mind of most local people there are two separate communities: Lanham and Seabrook.
Lanham, Maryland Lanham is an unincorporated community in Prince George's County in the State of Maryland in the United States of America. Because it is not formally incorporated, it has no official boundaries, but the United States Census Bureau has defined a census-designated place consisting of Lanham and the adjacent community of Seabrook, designated Lanham-Seabrook, for statistical purposes.
Lancha Plana, California Lancha Plana ("flat boat" in Spanish) was a small settlement in Amador County, California, formed as a result of a flatboat ferry crossing across the Mokelumne River, founded around 1849. The remnants of the town were submerged as a result of the damming of the river to form the Camanche Reservoir.
Lanchester 6x4 Armoured Car Lanchester Armoured Car was a British armoured car produced in limited numbers in late 1920s and early 1930s. The vehicle remained in service with the Territorial Army and colonial units until early 1940s and saw action in the Battle of Malaya.
Lanchester Car Monument Lanchester Car Monument () is an open-air galvanized steel sculpture of the Stanhope Phaeton, or Lanchester motor car. It is in Bloomsbury Village Green, a piece of reclaimed land in the Heartlands (Nechells) area of Birmingham, England.
Lanchester Valley Railway Path The Lanchester Valley Railway Path uses the route of the railway originally built to carry iron ore to Consett Steelworks and coal from Langley Park. In 1862 the line opened as a passenger service which ran until 1965.
Lanchester, County Durham Lanchester is a village and civil parish in the district of Derwentside, County Durham, England. It is 16 km (10 miles) to the west of the city of Durham and 11 km (7 miles) from the former steel town of Consett.
Lani (ethnic group) The Lani tribe is an Indigenous group in Western New Guinea, also commonly referred to as the Western Dani, or grouped with the Dani People. The Lani and Western Dani designations separate the Lani as those living outside of the Mbaliem Valley, and the Dani as those populating the valley.
Lani Guinier Lani Guinier (born 1950) is arguably one of the foremost American civil rights scholars in the United States. The first black woman tenured professor at Harvard Law School, Guinier's work spans a range of topics, including professional responsibilities of public lawyers, the relationship between democracy and the law, the role of race and gender in the political process, equity in college admissions, and affirmative action.
Lani Ka'ahumanu Lani Ka'ahumanu is a bisexual, feminist, biracial (Hawaiian/Irish) writer and activist. She is the co-editor with Loraine Hutchins of Bi Any Other Name: Bisexual People Speak Out (Alyson, 1991), a groundbreaking anthology.
Lani Minella Lani Minella is a famous voice actress, who voiced in more than 450 computer and video games as well as several TV and anime series. She is famous for her role as Rouge the Bat but despite many fans' discontent, she was replaced along with the other voice actors.
Lani O'Grady Lanita Rose Agrati (born October 2, 1954 in Walnut Creek, California - died September 25, 2001 in Valencia, California), who performed as Lani O'Grady, and who eventually made that name legal; was an American actor, and the sister of actor/musician Don Grady, who was best known as Robbie on the 60's television show My Three Sons.
Lani Tupu Lani John Tupu (born November 4, 1955 in Auckland, New Zealand) is a New Zealand actor, best known for his portrayal of Bialar Crais on the hit TV series Farscape (he also provided the voice of the Pilot in that show; hence, he was featured in nearly every episode).
Laniatores Laniatores is the largest suborder of the arachnid order Opiliones with over 4,000 species worldwide. The majority of the species are highly dependent on humid environments and usually correlated with tropical and temperate forest habitats.
Lanier Middle School (Houston) Sidney Lanier Middle School is a middle school located at 2600 Woodhead Street in Houston, Texas, United States, with a ZIP code of 77098. Lanier, which is a school of the Houston Independent School District, handles grades 6 through 8.
Lanikaz Lanikaz is one of supposedly Turkic tribes known from Arab and Persian Middle Age geographers and writers as being one of the seven tribes in the Kimak Kaganate in the period of 743-1050 AD. The other six constituent tribes per Abu Said Gardizi (d.
Laning and Zierler system The Laning and Zierler system was one of the first operating algebraic compilers, that is, a system capable of accepting mathematical formulae in algebraic notation and producing equivalent machine code. It was implemented in 1954 for the MIT WHIRLWIND by J.
Lanisha Cole Lanisha Cole (born February 13 1982 in Pasadena, CA) is a model that has been most recognizable as a rotating Barker's Beauty on the game show The Price Is Right. She has also appeared in several hip-hop and rap
Lanka Lanka (Sanskrit: लंका lankā, means "island") is the name given in Hindu mythology to the island fortress capital of the king Ravana in the epic Ramayana. Lanka is also mentioned frequently in other Hindu scriptures, such as the Vedas and Hindi poems written by Tulsidas.
Lanka Sama Samaja Party The Lanka Sama Samaja Party (literally Ceylon Equal Society Party, in Sinhala: ලංකා සම සමාජ පක්ෂය, in Tamil: லங்கா சமசமாஜக் கட்சி) is a trotskyist political party in Sri Lanka.
Lankarama Lankarama is a stupa built by King Valagamba, in an ancient place at Galhebakada in the ancient kingdom of Anuradhapura, Sri lanka. Nothing is known about the ancient form of the stupa, and later this was renovated.
Lankaran Lankaran, or Lenkoran, (Azeri: Lənkəran) is a small city in Azerbaijan, on the coast of the Caspian Sea, near the southern border with Iran, with a population of 48,400 (2002), at least half of which are Talysh. It is next to the rayon of the same name.
Lankeshwarudu Lankeshwarudu (Telugu: లంకేశ్వరుడు) is a 1989 Tollywood film starring Chiranjeevi, Radha, Revathi, Kaikala Satyanarayana, Mohan Babu, and Raghuvaran. This film was directed by Dasari Narayana Rao.
Lanky Kong Lanky Kong is a fictional character in the Donkey Kong series of video games, and is one of the main playable characters in the 1999 Nintendo 64 game, Donkey Kong 64. He is a distant cousin to Donkey Kong and the rest of the Kong clan and is an orangutan.
Lanmeter A Lanmeter was a tool for testing token ring and Ethernet networks introduced by Fluke Corporation in 1993. It incorporated hardware testing (cable and network interface card) and active network testing in a handheld, battery operated package.
Lanna International School Thailand Lanna International School Thailand is a coeducational, nonsectarian, international private school licensed by the Thai Ministry of Education and is fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) for kindergarten through grade 12.
Lano and Woodley Lano and Woodley (Colin Lane and Frank Woodley) were one of Australia's most successful Australian comedy duos of the 1990s and 2000s. They are also affectionately referred to as 'Col and Frank' or 'The Two Men'.
Lanoe Hawker Lanoe George Hawker, VC, DSO (December 30, 1890 – November 23, 1916) was a World War I English fighter pilot. He was the third pilot to receive the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Lanolin Lanolin, also called, Adeps Lanae, wool wax, wool fat, or wool grease, a greasy yellow substance from wool-bearing animals, acts as a skin ointment, water-proofing wax, and raw material (such as in shoe polish).
Lanqing railway Lanqing railway is the first step of an ambitious plan set by the People's Republic of China to connect Tibet with the rest of China by railway. LanQing railway, designed in 1956 and built from May 1958 to September 1959, runs 188 Kilometers long, connecting Lanzhou, the capital city of Gansu province, and Xining, the capital city of Qinghai province.
Lansalson branch line The Lansalson branch line (also known as the Trenance valley line) is a railway line built by the Great Western Railway to serve the china clay industry in the Trenance valley near St Austell in Cornwall, South West England. The line was authorised by GWR in 1910 and after setbacks due to World War I the line opened in 1920.
Lansdown Centre for Electronic Arts The Lansdown Centre for Electronic Arts is a research centre of Middlesex University in the United Kingdom. It had a significant role in the early development of computer graphics and has continued to innovate in areas such as interactive media and sonic arts.
Lansdowne Football Club Founded in 1872 by Henry WD Dunlop as the Irish Champion Athletic Club, Lansdowne Football Club is one of the oldest rugby clubs in Ireland as well as one of the best-known wherever the game of rugby football is played.
Lansdowne House Lansdowne House is a building to the south west of Berkeley Square in central London. It was designed by Robert Adam as a private house and for most of its time as a residence it belonged to the Petty family, Marquesses of Lansdowne.
Lansdowne portrait The Lansdowne portrait is an iconic oil-on-canvas portrait of George Washington, the first President of the United States. The portrait was commissioned in April 1796 by Senator William Bingham of Pennsylvania—one of the wealthiest men in the U.
Lansdowne Road Lansdowne Road (BĂłthar LansdĂşn in Irish) a sports stadium located in Dublin owned by the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) and is used mostly for rugby, but also for association football internationals and cup finals and for concerts. It is currently out of use for a major redevelopment.
Lansdowne-Baltimore Highlands, Maryland Lansdowne-Baltimore Highlands is a census-designated place (CDP) in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The census area is made up of the unincorporated communities of Lansdowne and Baltimore Highlands.
Lansdowne, Ontario Lansdowne, Ontario is a small town located just north of Ivy Lea, Ontario and 4 km north of Highway 401, at the intersection of Leeds and Grenville County Roads 3 and 34. It is a part of the town of Leeds and the Thousand Islands, Ontario.
Lansdowne, Pennsylvania Lansdowne (sometimes erroneously spelled "Landsdowne" or confused with Lansdale, much to the ire of its residents) is a borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is essentially a residential suburb of Philadelphia.
Lanseria Lanseria is a place northwest of the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is the location of the Lanseria Airport, which is one of the four airports in this city, and the busiest in Africa in terms of aircraft movement per day.
Lansford Hastings Lansford Warren Hastings (circa 1819 – 1870) is best remembered as the developer of Hastings Cutoff, a shortcut across what is now the state of Utah which was a major factor in the Donner Party disaster of 1846.
Lansford Spence Lansford Spence (born December 15, 1982) is a Jamaican sprinter. Together with Sanjay Ayre, Brandon Simpson and Davian Clarke he won a bronze medal in 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics.
Lansing Board of Water & Light The Lansing Board of Water and Light is a municipal utility that provides electricity and water to the residents of the Cities of Lansing and East Lansing, Michigan and the surrounding townships of Delta, Delhi, Meridian and DeWitt.
Lansing Capitals The Lansing Capitals were an expansion team for the 2006 International Basketball League season. They originally were slated to play their home games at the Aim High Sports facility at the Capital Centre, in Dimondale, Michigan, southwest of Lansing.
Lansing Center The Lansing Center, officially the Lansing Convention Center, is the primary and largest convention center in Lansing, MI. The center is located along Michigan Avenue, with its western facade fronting the Grand River, which includes a riverfront plaza that hosts outdoor concerts and other events such as the Down By the River Chili Cook-Off held every spring.
Lansing JazzFest The Lansing JazzFest is a free music festival that takes place each year in the summer in Lansing, Michigan. It showcases nationally, regionally, and locally known jazz artists such as Marcus Belgrave, the Professors of Jazz at MSU (Rodney Whittaker, Randy Gelispie, Diego Rivera, Derrick Gardner, Sunny Wilkinson, and Rick Roe), Eric Reed, Michael Kaeshammer, Straight Ahead, Don Phillips, Lisa Smith and Mike Skory, Sunrise II, Jazz Doggs, Tyrone Johnson, the Claudia Schmidt Quartet, Dick Fizzell & the Dixieland Express, Tim Cunningham, Francis Kofi, Betty Joplin, Sheila Landis, Ritmo, Patti Richards, Los Gatos, Tyrone Johnson, and more.
Lansing Lugnuts The Lansing Lugnuts are a Class A minor league baseball team, affiliated with the Toronto Blue Jays, that plays in the Midwest League. The Lugnuts replaced the Charleston Alley Cats as a Blue Jays affiliate following the 2004 season.
Lansing Man Lansing Man is the name commonly given to a collection of human remains dug up near Lansing, Kansas in 1902. The remains were found when digging a cellar, and included at least a jaw, and according to various accounts, possibly an entire adult skull, several adult bones, and a child's jaw.
Lansing Progressive Alliance Lansing Progressive Alliance (LPA) also called Lansing Public Alliance and Lansing Public Announcement is a community project consisting of a loose network of autonomous progressive organizations who by and large, tend to follow a liberal/leftist or sometimes libertarian political ideology and reside in Lansing, Michigan.
Lansing Sailing Club Founded in 1963, the Lansing Sailing Club is located on Lake Lansing in Haslett, Michigan near the captial city of Lansing. The Club has an active program of sailboat racing, junior sailing and holiday events during a sailing season that extends from mid-April through mid-October.
Lansing, Kansas Lansing is a city situated along the Missouri River in the eastern part of Leavenworth County, located in northeast Kansas, in the central United States. The population was estimated to be 10,214 in the year 2005.
Lansing, Salem, Oregon Lansing is a neighborhood in Salem, Oregon, located in the northeast part of the city. The neighborhood is bordered on the north by Silverton Road, on the south by Market Street, on the east by Hawthorne Avenue, and on the west by Evergreen Avenue.
Lansium domesticum Lansium domesticum is a tree native to Malaysia and Indonesia. This tree is now widely grown in tropical regions for its sweet fruit, known variously as the langsat, lansa, langseh, langsep, lanzon, lanzone, lansone, duku or kokosan.
Lanstopher Lanstopher or Lance-topher: A rare stylization of the name Lance from the late 1980s/early 1990s. In those days, it was common for young men to extend or ornament the names of their friends in some way - often adding “ster”, or “O-rama” to the end (example: Mike-ster, Rod-ster, or Steve-O-rama).
Lantastic LANtastic was a peer-to-peer local area network (LAN) operating system for DOS, Microsoft Windows and OS/2. LANtastic supports Ethernet, ARCNET and Token Ring adapters as well as its own twisted-pair adapter at two Mbit/s.
Lantau hillfires Lantau Island, the largest of the outlying islands in Hong Kong, is home to two major country parks - Lantau North Country Park and Lantau South Country Park. Unfortunately, the massive developments in northern Lantau, including Discovery Bay, Tung Chung and Hong Kong Disneyland on Penny's Bay - plus the occasional careless hiker - has meant that the area suffers from a large number of hillfires.
Lantau Island Lantau Island (based on the local old name of Lantau Peak 爛頭 Làntóu, Ragged Head; 大嶼山/大屿山 pinyin: Dàyǔ shān, Cantonese: Tai yue shan, Big Island Mountain), also Lantao, is the largest island in Hong Kong, located at the mouth of the Pearl River. Administratively, it is part of the Islands District, but a small part in the northeast of the island belongs to Tsuen Wan District.
Lantau South Country Park Lantau South Country Park is one of two rural parks on Lantau Island and is located on the south side of the island. At 144 square kilometres was designated in 1978 and it is the largest country parks in Hong Kong.
Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Act The Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Act (AB 846), also known as the Lanterman Act, is a California law, initially proposed by Assemblymember Frank D. Lanterman in 1973 and passed in 1977, that gives people with developmental disabilities the right to services and supports that enable them to live a more independent and normal life.
Lanterman-Petris-Short Act The Lanterman-Petris-Short Act, often abbreviated LPS, was a law in the State of California that set the precedent for modern mental health care in the United States. The Act went into full effect on July 1, 1972.
Lantern fly Lantern fly is the name given to insects belonging to the homopterous division of the Hemiptera, and refers to the genus Fulgora and allied forms. They are mostly of large size, with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera due to their brilliant and varied coloration.
Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival (), also known as the Shang Yuan Festival, is a Chinese festival celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in the lunar year in the Chinese calendar. It is not to be confused with the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is also sometimes known as the "Lantern Festival" in locations such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia.
Lantern shield A lantern shield is a very unusual weapon/shield design that was used in Italy between the 16th and 17th centuries. Both for attack and defense, there were enough tools embedded in the design that some might call it an Italian "Swiss-army-shield".
Lanterna Lanterna is a musical project led by guitarist Henry Frayne, formely of The Moon Seven Times. Their tracks are evocative soundscapes, usually instrumental, that focus on Frayne's melodic guitar work awash in effects.
Lanterne rouge The Lanterne Rouge is the name for the competitor who finishes in last place in a cycling race such as the Tour de France. The phrase comes from the French, meaning "Red Lantern", and refers to the red tail lights attached to the last carriage or wagon of a railway train.
Lanternfish Lanternfishes (or myctophids, from the Greek mykter, "nose" and ophis, "serpent") are small, deep sea fish of the large family Myctophidae. One of two families in the order Myctophiformes, the Myctophidae are represented by 246 species in 33 genera, having a circumglobal distribution.
Lanterns of the Dead Lanterns of the Dead (French: lanternes des morts) is the architectural name for the small towers in stone found chiefly in the centre and west of France, pierced with small openings at the top, where a light was exhibited at night to indicate the position of a cemetery.
Lanthanide The lanthanide (or lanthanoid) series comprises the 15 elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum to lutetiumIUPAC Provisional Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (2004) (online draft of an updated version of the "Red Book" IR 3-6). All lanthanides are f-block elements, corresponding to the filling of the 4f electron shell, except for lutetium which is a d-block lanthanide.
Lanthanide contraction Lanthanide contraction is a term used in chemistry to describe different but closely related concepts associated with smaller than expected atomic radii of the elements in the lanthanide series (atomic number 58 to 71).
Lanthanite Lanthanite is a radioactive mineral, a carbonate of the rare earth elements, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium with formula: (La,Ce,Nd)2(CO3)3·8(H2O). It is officially known as three separate minerals lanthanite-Ce, lanthanite-La and lanthanite-Nd based on the dominant rare earth element.
Lanthanum gallium silicate Lanthanum gallium silicate (refer to as LGS in the article), also known as langasite, has a chemical formula of A_3BC_3D_2O_{14}, where A, B, C and D indicate particular cation sites. A is a decahedral (Thomson cube) site coordinated by 8 oxygen atoms.
Lanthanum hexaboride Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6, also called lanthanum boride and (incorrectly) LaB) is an inorganic chemical, a boride of lanthanum. It is a refractory ceramic material that has a melting point of 2210 °C, is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid, and is slightly hygroscopic.
Lanthanum(III) chloride Lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) is a chemical compound. It is used as a mild Lewis acid to perform reactions that usually require acidic conditions, such as converting aldehydes to acetals, under nearly neutral conditions.
Lanthionine Lanthionine is a nonproteinogenic amino acid with the chemical formula (HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-S-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH). As the monosulfide analog of cystine, lanthionine is composed of two alanine residues that are crosslinked on their β-carbon atoms by a thioether linkage.
Lantibiotics Lantibiotics are a class of peptide antibiotics that contain polycyclic thioether amino acids as well as the unsaturated amino acids dehydroalanine and 2-aminoisobutyric acid. These characteristic cyclic thioether amino acids are composed of either lanthionine or methyllanthionine.
Lanting Xu Lanting Xu (蘭亭序), or Lanting Ji Xu (蘭亭集序) ("Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion"), is the most famous work of calligraphy by Wang Xizhi, composed in year 353. Written in xingshu, or running script, it is the most well-known and well-copied piece ever.
Lantmarskalk The Lantmarskalk, or "Lord Marshal", was the speaker of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates, from 1627 to 1866 and Diet of Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906. The Lantmarskalk was appointed by the Estate of the Nobles and also served its speaker (talman).

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