Encyclopedia

Magister Armhook Squid The Magister Armhook Squid (Berryteuthis magister), also known as the Commander Squid or Schoolmaster Gonate Squid, is a medium-sized squid in the family Gonatidae. It is found in cold, high latitude waters of the North Pacific where it is among the most numerous squid species recorded.
Magister Wigbold Magister Wigbold (1365-1402), also called “Master of the Seven Arts”, was a German pirate who belonged to the famous Likedeeler pirates of Klaus Störtebeker. Wighold was one of the most noted Likedeeler, along with Gödeke Michels and Störtebeker.
Magisterium Magisterium (from the Latin magister, "teacher") is a technical ecclesiastical term in Catholicism referring to the teaching ability and authority of the Pope and those Bishops who are in union with him. According to Catholic doctrine, the Magisterium is able to teach or interpret the truths of the Faith, and it does so infallibly within the Sacred Magisterium.
Magistrates Courts of South Africa Magistrates Courts in South Africa are the lower courts and the courts of first instance and decide all matters as provided for by an act of parliament. As such, they deal with the great majority of court cases.
Magistrates' Court of Tasmania The Magistrates' Court of Tasmania is the main day-to-day court in the Australian state of Tasmania and exists in accordance with the laws handed down by the Tasmanian Parliament. The Court is an inferior court to the Supreme Court of Tasmania and, in terms of the Australian court heirachy, is at the bottom level.
Magistratus Magistratus ordinarii (ordinary magistrates) and Magistratus extraordinarii (extraordinary magistrates) were two categories of officials who held political, military, and, in some cases, religious power in the Roman Republic.
Magitor Magitor is a group of contrived fantasy continents that has appeared in a low level RPG game in King Edward VI Grammar School, Essex, England. It is stated by its creator, Tom Ryley, as being a parody or satire of both the popular fantasy book The Lord of the Rings and the modern day world.
Maglia rosa The maglia rosa (from Italian: "pink jersey") is awarded to the leader of the General Classification (GC) at the Giro d'Italia. The leader of the GC is the rider who has the fastest time when all the stage results are added together.
Maglia verde The maglia verde (from Italian: "green jersey") is awarded to the leader of the King of the Mountains (KOM) category at the Giro d'Italia. Points are awarded to the leading riders over designated KOM climbs.
Maglič Maglič (Serbian Cyrillic: Маглич) is a medieval fortress in Ibar gorge 20 km south from Kraljevo in Serbia. It is placed atop a hill around which the Ibar River makes a curve, about 100 m above river level.
Magliozzi Crime Family The fictional Magliozzi Crime Family control the Cosa Nostra in the comic book series Sin City. Led by Don Giacco Magliozzi and based at the Magliozzi Mansion (located in Sacred Oaks), they were wiped out in Family Values.
Maglubiyet In many campaign settings for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Maglubiyet is the chief deity of goblins and hobgoblins. He is a god of war and leadership who rules over the goblin pantheon with an iron fist.
Magma (band) Magma is a French progressive rock band founded in 1969 by classically-trained drummer Christian Vander, who claimed as his inspiration a "vision of humanity's spiritual and ecological future" that profoundly disturbed him. In the course of their first album, the band tells the story of a group of people fleeing a doomed Earth to settle on the planet KobaĂŻa.
Magma (comics) Magma (real name Amara Juliana Olivians Aquilla, also known as Alison Crestmere) is a fictional character, a superhero from Marvel Comics. She first appeared in New Mutants #8, and was first called Magma in #10.
Magma (Gorath) Magma is a fictional kaiju (giant monster) featured in the Japanese science fiction tokusatsu film Gorath, released by Toho in 1962. Based upon the real-life walrus and named after the molten rock found beneath the ground, the Magma suit was designed by special effects director Eiji Tsuburaya, and worn by stuntman Haruo Nakajima, who frequently performed kaiju in Toho films of the era, most notably their most famous monster character, Godzilla.
Magma chamber A magma chamber is a large underground pool of molten rock lying under the surface of the earth. The molten rock in such a chamber is under great pressure, and given enough time and pressure can gradually fracture the rock around it creating outlets for the magma.
Magmar are one of the fictional species of Pokémon creatures from the Pokémon media franchise. The purpose of in the games, anime and manga, as with all other Pokémon, is to battle both wild Pokémon, untamed creatures encountered while the player passes through various environments, and tamed Pokémon owned by Pokémon trainers.
Magmatron Magmatron is a Transformers character who first appeared in the Japanese Beast Wars Neo series, was later released in the American Beast Machines Dinobots toy line, and now appears in official Beast Wars continuity. Three beasts, a Giganotosaurus, Elasmosaurus and a Quetzalcoatlus, can combine into a humanoid robot form, or that of a giant Fuzor with attributes of all three beasts.
Magmin In the Dungeons and Dragons fantasy role-playing game, the magmin, or "magman", is a mischevous, nasty little goblin-like elemental creature from the Elemental Plane of fire. It resembles a goblin made out of molten magma and burning cinders.
Magna Carta Magna Carta (Latin for "Great Charter", literally "Great Paper"), also called Magna Carta Libertatum ("Great Charter of Freedoms"), is an English charter originally issued in 1215. Magna Carta was the most significant early influence on the long historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today.
Magna Carta: Crimson Stigmata Magna Carta: Crimson Stigmata is a PlayStation 2 RPG released in 2004 in South Korea by Softmax, and in Japan by Banpresto. It is the sequel to the 2001 CRPG, Magna Carta: The Phantom of Avalanche, and the second installment in the Magna Carta series.
Magna Carta: The Phantom of Avalanche Magna Carta: The Phantom of Avalanche (마그나카르타: The Phantom of Avalanche in South Korea) is a CRPG released in 2001 in South Korea by Softmax, and is the prequel to the PlayStation 2 title, Magna Carta: Tears of Blood. Though not officially having been localized outside of South Korea, The Phantom of Avalanche retains a somewhat sizable fan-base of non-Korean players.
Magna Dea Magna Dea is Latin for "Great Goddess" and can refer to any major goddess worshipped during the Roman Republic or Roman Empire. Magna Dea could be applied to a goddess at the head of a pantheon, such as Juno or Minerva, or a goddess worshipped monotheistically.
Magna Doodle Magna Doodle is a children's magnetic drawing toy, comprised of a magnetic drawing board, a pen, and a few magnet shapes. It was invented in 1974 and over forty million have been sold to date; they are still popular with children today.
Magna Graecia Magna Graecia (Latin for "Greater Greece," Megalê Hellas/Μεγάλη Ελλάς in Greek) is the name of the area in Southern Italy that was colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC, who brought with them the lasting imprint of their Hellenic civilization.
Magna Hungaria The Magna Hungaria (literally "Great Hungary" but meaning early homeland) was an area settled by the proto-Magyars. It was located on the western side of the Urals, in the region today known as Bashkortostan.
Magna Moralia The Magna Moralia (or "Great Ethics") is a treatise on ethics traditionally attributed to Aristotle, though the consensus now is that it represents an epitome of his ethical thought by a later, if sympathetic, writer. Several scholars disagree with this, taking the Magna Moralia to be an authentic work by Aristotle, notably Friedrich Schleiermacher, Hans von Arnim, and J.
Magna paint Magna paints, the world's first artist acrylic paint developed by Leonard Bocour and Sam Golden in 1947 and reformulated in 1960, are pigments ground in an acrylic resin with solvents. Unlike modern water-based acrylics, Magna is miscible with turpentine or mineral spirits and dries rapidly to a matte or glossy finish.
Magnanimity Magnanimity (derived from "great-souled") is the virtue of being great of mind and heart. It encompasses, usually, a refusal to be petty, a willingness to face danger, and actions for noble purposes.
Magnaporthe grisea Magnaporthe grisea, also commonly know as rice blast fungus, is a plant-pathogenic fungus that causes a disease affecting rice, and can also infect a number of other agriculturally important cereals including wheat, rye and barley, causing diseases called blast disease or blight disease. M.
Magnar Estenstad Magnar Estenstad (born September 27, 1924 in Hølonda – died May 13, 2004 in Hølonda) is a former Norwegian cross country skier who competed in the early 1950s. He won a silver in the 4 x 10 km and a bronze in the 50 km at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo.
Magnatune Magnatune is a small Berkeley, California–based independent record label, founded in spring 2003 by John Buckman, then-CEO of e-mail software company Lyris. It aims at treating both its musicians and its customers fairly—its tagline is "We are not evil.
Magnavox Magnavox (Latin for "loud voice") was an electronics company founded by Edwin Pridham and Peter Jensen. The brothers invented a moving-coil loudspeaker in 1915 and named their brainchild "Magnavox.
Magnús Magnússon Magnús Magnússon KBE (, October 12 1929 – January 7 2007) was a television presenter, journalist, translator and writer of Icelandic origin who never took British citizenship but lived in Scotland for nearly all his life. He came to fame as presenter of the BBC television quiz programme Mastermind, which he hosted for 25 years.
MagnĂşs Scheving MagnĂşs Scheving (born November 10, 1964) is a writer, producer, entrepreneur, comedian and a famous Icelandic] [[athlete. He is best known as the creator and co-star of the children's television show LazyTown, in which he plays the superhero Sportacus.
MagnĂşs Ver MagnĂşsson MagnĂşs Ver MagnĂşsson (born 23 April 1963) of Iceland is a powerlifter and strongman who has been powerlifting since 1984 and in 1985 won a medal in the junior European and World Championships. He also won the title of World's Strongest Man 4 times, in 1991, '94, '95 and '96.
MagneRide MagneRide is a semi-active suspension technology from Delphi Corporation. It was first used by General Motors in the Chevrolet Corvette C5 and Cadillac Seville and STS but will also be used in the Ferrari 599, the Audi TT and in some Holden Special Vehicles models in 2007.
Magnes Album This is the fifth album of Reni Jusis. This dance album contains her 6 brand new songs, 1 new cover (Ocale Cie of 2+1), 3 English versions of her older songs (Single Bite Lover, Leniviec, How Can I Ever Forget You) and remixes of 2 first singles.
Magnesia Magnesia (Greek: Μαγνησία Magnisia; see also List of traditional Greek place names), deriving from the Macedonian tribe name Magnetes, is the name of the southeastern area of Thessaly in central Greece. The modern prefecture was created in 1947 out of the Larissa prefecture.
Magnesia on the Maeander Magnesia on the Maeander is an ancient Greek city in Anatolia, located on the Maeander river upstream from Ephesus. It was founded by colonists from the inhabitants of Magnesia -- also known as the Magnetes in Greece, who provided its name.
Magnesium alloy wheel Magnesium alloy wheels, or mag wheels, are sometimes used on racing cars, in place of heavier steel or aluminium wheels, for better performance. The wheels are produced by one-step hot forging from magnesium alloys ZK60 and MA-14 (Russian variation of ZK60).
Magnesium aluminide Magnesium aluminide is an intermetallic compound of magnesium and aluminium. Common phases (molecular structures) include the beta phase (Mg2Al3) and the gamma phase (Mg17Al12), which both have cubic crystal structures.
Magnesium in biology Magnesium ions (Mg2+) in cellular biology are usually in almost all senses opposite to Ca2+ ions, because they are bivalent too, but have greater electronegativity and thus hold on to water molecules stronger, preventing passage through the channel (even though magnesium is smaller). Thus Mg2+ ions block Ca2+ channels (NMDA channels) for example, etc.
Magnesium laureth sulfate Magnesium laureth sulfate is the magnesium salt of laureth sulfate (2-dodecoxyethylsulfate), which is in turn the ester of laureth (2-dodecoxylethanol) and sulfuric acid. It is used mainly in the chemical industry for the preparation of specialized shampoos for people of delicate skin.
Magnesium peroxide Magnesium peroxide is a fine powder peroxide with a white to white-off color. It is similar to calcium peroxide because magnesium peroxide also releases oxygen by breaking down at a controlled rate with a hydrous fluid.
Magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate or Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate or Epsom salt is a chemical compound containing magnesium, with the formula MgSO4·7H2O. Magnesium sulfate without water of crystallization MgSO4 is available as a far less common chemical and drying agent, but typically "magnesium sulfate" refers to the hydrate, and Epsom salt always refers to the hydrate.
Magnesium/Teflon/Viton MTV is an acronym for pyrolants based on magnesium/Teflon®/Viton®. Teflon and Viton are trademarks of DuPont for polytetrafluoroethylene, C2F4, and vinylidenfluoride-hexafluoroisopropene-copolymer, (CH2CF2)n(CF(CF3)CF2)n.
Magnet (band) Magnet were a band formed for the purpose of recording the soundtrack to the 1973 film The Wicker Man. The band were assembled by musician Gary Carpenter (the film's Associate Musical Director) to perform songs composed by New York songwriter Paul Giovanni.
Magnet Bay Magnet Bay () is a shallow coastal indentation, 7 miles wide and receding only 2 miles, located 9 miles west of Cape Davis at the northwest side of Edward VIII Plateau, in Antarctica. The British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE), 1929-31, under Mawson, originally charted Magnet Bay as a larger bay extending from Cape Davis to Cape Borley, naming it after the vessel Magnet, in which Peter Kemp first sighted land in this vicinity in 1833.
Magnet Cove igneous complex The Magnet Cove igneous complex lies to the west of the town of Magnet Cove in Hot Spring County, Arkansas. It and the adjacent town are so named due to the existence of magnetite, and being in the shape of a cove, with the rim higher than the center basin.
Magnet Mart Magnet Mart is a company which operates large hardware stores around Canberra and southern New South Wales in Australia. The first store with the Magnet Mart name was opened in 1985 in Queanbeyan, although stores which later became Magnet Marts were opened as the Paul's Home Centres in Phillip in 1972 and Belconnen in 1976.
Magnet therapy Magnet therapy, or magnetic therapy, or magnotherapy is an alternative medicine claiming that certain medical disorders can be effectively treated by exposure to static magnetic fields. Note that this article treats claims concerning static magnetic fields, please see electromagnetic therapy for treatments involving pulsed magnetic fields.
Magnet: URI scheme The magnet: URI scheme is a draft open standard defining a URI scheme for magnet links, which are mainly used to reference resources available for download via peer-to-peer networks. Such a link typically identifies a file not by location or name, but by content, more precisely by the content's hash value.
Magnetic accelerator gun A magnetic accelerator gun (MAG) is a general term for any weapon that converts electrical energy, rather than the more conventional chemical energy from an explosive propellant, into projectile kinetic energy. Variations include but are not limited to:-
Magnetic amplifier The magnetic amplifier (colloquially known as the "mag amp") is an electromagnetic device for amplifying electrical signals. The magnetic amplifier was invented early in the 20th century, and was used as an alternative to vacuum tube amplifiers where robustness and high current capacity were required.
Magnetic amplifiers The magnetic amplifier (sometimes called a self-saturated amplifier) is a magnetic device consisting of a saturable reactor (transformer) modulated by a direct current. This DC current is introduced in the primary winding of an iron-core transformer and used to control the AC current in the secondary winding by saturating the core with magnetic flux.
Magnetic anomaly detector A magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) is a piece of equipment that is used to detect minute variations in the Earth's magnetic field. The term refers specifically to magnetometers used either by military forces to detect submarines—such a mass of ferromagnetic material disturbs the magnetic field and can be detected—or to a geomagnetic survey instrument used to search for minerals by the disturbance of the normal earth-field.
Magnetic bearing A magnetic bearing is a bearing which supports a load using magnetic levitation. Magnetic bearings support moving machinery without physical contact, for example, they can levitate a rotating shaft and permit relative motion without friction or wear.
Magnetic capacitance Magnetic capacitance (capacitive magnetic reactance) is the magnetic reactance to magnetic current, which is attributed by the magnetic capacitivity of the element of a magnetic circuit and for harmonic regimes is equal to the absolute value, which is the reciprocal of the product of this magnetic capacitivity and the angle frequency.
Magnetic capacitivity Magnetic capacitivity – is a scalar measure of permeance for an element in a magnetic circuit, numerically equal to the magnetic conductivity for a magnetic flux or to relation between this magnetic flux and the
Magnetic cartridge A magnetic cartridge is a device used for the playback of gramophone records on a turntable or phonograph. It converts mechanical vibrational energy from a stylus riding in a spiral record groove into an electrical signal that is subsequently amplified and then converted back to sound by a loudspeaker system.
Magnetic circuit A magnetic circuit is a closed path containing a magnetic flux. It generally contains magnetic elements such as permanent magnets, ferromagnetic materials and electromagnets, but may also contain air gaps and other materials.
Magnetic circular dichroism Magnetically induced circular dichroism (MCD), is the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light in the presence of a magnetic field. In general, this means wrapping a circular dichrometer in a large electromagnet.
Magnetic complex impedance Magnetic complex impedance is the complex value, which is equal to the relation of the complex effective or amplitude value of a sinusoidal magnetic tension on the passive magnetic circuit or its element and accordingly the complex effective or amplitude value of a sinusoidal magnetic current in this circuit or in this element.
Magnetic complex reluctance Magnetic complex reluctance is the complex value, which is equal to the relation of the complex effective or amplitude value of a sinusoidal magnetic tension on the passive magnetic circuit or its element and accordingly the complex effective or amplitude value of a sinusoidal magnetic flux in this circuit or in this element.
Magnetic confinement fusion Magnetic confinement fusion is an approach to fusion energy that uses magnetic fields to confine the fusion fuel in the form of a plasma. Magnetic confinement is one of two major branches of fusion energy research, the other being inertial confinement fusion.
Magnetic Cloud A magnetic cloud is a transient event observed in the solar wind. It was defined in 1981 by Burlaga et al as a region of enhanced magnetic field strength, smooth rotation of the magnetic field vector and low proton density and temperature Burlaga, L.
Magnetic declination The magnetic declination at any point on the Earth is the angle between the local magnetic field -- the direction the north end of a compass points -- and true north. The declination is positive when the magnetic north is east of true north.
Magnetic effective resistance Magnetic effective resistance is the parameter of a passive magnetic circuit or its element, which is equal to the relation of the effective power, which is absorbing in this element, to the square of the effective value of a magnetic current in it.
Magnetic field oscillating amplified thruster The Magnetic Field Oscillating Amplified Thruster (MOA) (often named as Plasma Engine by the media) is a versatile electrothermodynamic system, which is able to accelerate nearly every medium to extremely high velocities, thereby generating a high energetic plasma jet in the exhaust.
Magnetic flow meter The most common flowmeter, apart from the mechanical flow meters, is the magnetic flow meter. A magnetic field is applied to the metering tube, which results in a potential difference proportional to the flow velocity perpendicular to the flux lines.
Magnetic flux Magnetic flux, represented by the Greek letter phi, is a measure of quantity of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (in derived units: volt-seconds), and the unit of magnetic flux density is the weber per square meter, or tesla.
Magnetic flux leakage Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is a magnetic method of nondestructive testing that is used by smart pigs to detect corrosion and pitting in steel structures, most commonly pipelines and storage tanks. The basic principle is that a powerful magnet is used to magnetize the steel.
Magnetic force microscope A magnetic force microscope (MFM) is a scanning probe microscope (SPM) that can map the spatial distribution of magnetism by measuring the magnetic interaction between a sample and a tip. As magnetic devices have become smaller and smaller, an evaluation technique with nanoscale spatial resolution has become necessary.
Magnetic helicity In plasma physics, magnetic helicity is the extent to which a magnetic field "wraps around itself". If magnetic field lines follow the strands of a twisted rope, this configuration would have nonzero magnetic helicity; left handed ropes would have negative values and right handed ropes would have positive values.
Magnetic Hill The Magnetic Hill is an example of the gravity hill type of optical illusion created by rising and descending terrain. It is located at the northern edge of the city of Moncton in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
Magnetic impedance Magnetic impedance (full magnetic resistance)is the scalar value, which is equal to the relation of effective or amplitude value of a sinusoidal magnetic tension on the passive magnetic circuit or its element and accordingly the effective or amplitude value of a sinusoidal magnetic current in this circuit or in this element.
Magnetic inductance Magnetic inductance (inductive magnetic reactance) is the magnetic reactance to magnetic current, which is attributed by the magnetic self-inductivity of the element of an magnetic circuit and for harmonic regimes is equal to the product of this magnetic inductivity and the angle frequency.
Magnetic induction tomography Magnetic induction tomography is an imaging technique to image electromagnetic properties of an object by using eddy current effect. The method has applications in medicine, industrial process, material inspections and geophysics
Magnetic ink character recognition Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, or MICR, colloquially pronounced or sometimes , is a character recognition technology adopted mainly by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of checks. The process was demonstrated to the American Bankers Association in July 1956, and it was almost universally employed by 1963Mandell, Lewis.
Magnetic ionic liquid A magnetic ionic liquid was identified by Satoshi Hayashi and Hiro-o Hamaguchi of the University of Tokyo in 2004 as an ionic liquid based on the imidazole 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and ferric chloride. Due to the presence of high spin FeCl4−, the liquid is paramagnetic and a magnetic susceptibility of 40.
Magnetic Island Magnetic Island, just offshore from the city of Townsville, Queensland, Australia in Cleveland Bay is a 52 km² mountainous island which has effectively become a suburb of Townsville having well over 2000 permanent residents. It is accessible from Townsville by ferry.
Magnetic levitation Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended above another object with no support other than magnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational force.
Magnetic lock A magnetic lock is a simple locking device that consists of an electromagnet and armature plate. By attaching the electromagnet to the door frame and the armature plate to the door, a current passing through the electromagnet attracts the armature plate holding the door shut.
Magnetic loop Magnetic loop antennas (also known as Small Transmitting/Receiving Loops) have a small antenna size compared to other antennas for the same wavelength. The antenna is typically smaller than 1/4 wavelength of the intended frequency of operation.
Magnetic mirror A magnetic mirror is a magnetic field configuration where the field strength changes when moving along a field line. The mirror effect results in a tendency for charged particles to bounce back from the high field region.
Magnetic moment In physics, the magnetic moment or magnetic dipole moment is a measure of the strength of a magnetic source. In the simplest case of a current loop, the magnetic dipole moment is defined as mathbf{m}=Iint d mathbf{a}, where a is the vector area of the current loop.
Magnetic monopole In physics, a magnetic monopole is a hypothetical particle that may be loosely described as "a magnet with only one pole" (see electromagnetic theory for more on magnetic poles). In more accurate terms, it would have net magnetic charge.
Magnetic North (group) Magnetic North is the hip hop duo Derek Kan (aka Direct) and Theresa Vu (aka T-Minus, TVu). Magnetic North’s sound is distinguished by socially conscious lyrics, frequent use of live instrumentals, and genre-blending styles.
Magnetic potential In physics, the magnetic potential is a method of representing the magnetic field by using a potential value instead of the actual mathbf{B} vector field. Magnetic potential is equal to magnetic field times distance:
Magnetic pressure Magnetic Pressure is an energy density associated with the magnetic field. It is identical to any other physical pressure except that it is carried by the magnetic field rather than (in the case of gas) kinetic energy of the gas molecules.
Magnetic pulse welding Magnetic pulse welding is a welding process in which a very high AC current (the "primary current") is passed through a conductive coil (the "inductor") in the vicinity of an electrically conductive material (the "flyer"). An intense magnetic field is locally produced that generates a secondary eddy current in the flyer according to Lenz's Law.
Magnetic Particle Imaging Magnetic Particle Imaging is a tomographic imaging technique that measures the magnetic fields generated by magnetic particles in a tracer. Researchers at Sony Research have used the technique to achieve resolutions finer than one millimeter.
Magnetic Poetry Magnetic Poetry is a line of novelty products invented in 1993 by Dave Kapell. They feature small magnetic tiles printed with single words or fragments that can be adhered to a magnetic metal surface (typically a refrigerator door or file cabinet) and arranged to form phrases, sentences, or entire poems.
Magnetic quantum number In atomic physics, the magnetic quantum number is the third of a set of quantum numbers (the principal quantum number, the azimuthal quantum number, the magnetic quantum number, and the spin quantum number) which describe the unique quantum state of an electron and is designated by the letter m. The magnetic quantum number denotes the energy levels available within a subshell.
Magnetic reactance Magnetic reactance is the parameter of a passive magnetic circuit or its element, which is equal to the square root of the difference of squares of the full and effective magnetic resistance for a magnetic current, taken with the sign plus, if the magnetic current lags behind the magnetic tension in phase, and with the sign minus, if the magnetic current leads the magnetic tension in phase.
Magnetic reconnection Magnetic reconnection is the process whereby magnetic field lines from different magnetic domains are spliced to one another, changing the overall topology of a magnetic field. It is a violation of an approximate conservation law in plasma physics, and can concentrate mechanical or magnetic energy in both space and time.
Magnetic refrigeration Magnetic refrigeration is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect. This technique can be used to attain extremely low temperatures (well below 1 kelvin), as well as the ranges used in common refrigerators, depending on the design of the system.
Magnetic resonance force microscopy Magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) is an imaging technique that acquires magnetic resonance images (MRI) at nanometer scales, and possibly at atomic scales in the future. MRFM is potentially able to observe protein structures which cannot be seen using X-ray crystallography and protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a medical imaging technique which uses magnetic resonance imaging to visualise the biliary and pancreatic ducts in a non-invasive manner. This procedure can be used to determine if gallstones are lodged in any of the ducts surrounding the gallbladder.

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