Encyclopedia

Military of Argentina The Argentine Armed Forces are controlled by the Commander-in-Chief (the President) and a civilian Minister of Defense. In addition to the army, navy and air force, there are two forces controlled by the Interior Ministry: the Argentine National Gendarmerie, a gendarmerie used to guard borders and places of strategic importance; and the Naval Prefecture, a coast guard used to protect internal major rivers and maritime territory.
Military of Aruba There is no indigenous military of Aruba, defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands Military forces that protect Aruba include the Royal Netherlands Navy and the Netherlands Marine Corps and the Netherlands Coastguard.
Military of Austria The name of the Military of Austria is Bundesheer ("Federal Army"). For a short while between 1918 and 1921 the Austrian semi-regular army was called Volkswehr (people's defence), fighting against Slovenian indigenous inhabitants in Carinthia.
Military of Azerbaijan The Azerbaijan Armed Forces consists of four military branches: the army, navy, air force, air defense forces and two independent branches the Coast Guard and Border Guard. A third independent branch is currently being created; the Interior Guard who will mainly be used for emergencies.
Military of Bahrain Under Bahrain's Ministry of Defense, the Bahrain Defense Force (BDF) numbers about 9,000 personnel and consists of the Royal Bahraini Army, Royal Bahraini Navy, Royal Bahraini Air Force, as well as air defense and Amiri guard units. Separate from the BDF, the public security forces and the coast guard report to the Ministry of the Interior.
Military of Bermuda The defence of Bermuda remains the responsibility of the National (British) Government, rather than of the Bermudian Government, which is effectively a local authority. Despite this, the Bermuda Government was historically responsible for maintaining Militia for the defence of the Colony.
Military of Brazil The armed forces of Brazil (Portuguese: Forças Armadas do Brasil) are the armed forces of Brazil, comprised of the Brazilian Army, the Brazilian Navy (including the Brazilian Marine Corps and naval aviation), the Brazilian Air Force, and the paramilitary Brazilian Federal Police.
Military of Cameroon The Cameroonian military generally has been an apolitical force dominated by civilian control. Traditional dependence on the French defense capability, although reduced, continues to be the case as French military advisers remain closely involved in preparing the Cameroonian forces for deployment to the contested Bakassi Peninsula.
Military of Comoros The military resources of the Comoros consist of a small standing army and a 500-member police force, as well as a 500-member defense force. A defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comorian military personnel, and air surveillance.
Military of Ethiopia The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) is one of the largest military forces in Africa along with Egypt, Eritrea and Morrocco, and 29th largest in the world. Force sizes recently varied considerably in light of the end of the war with Eritrea and the intervention in Somalia.
Military of Fiji The Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF), with a total manpower of 3,500 men, is one of the smallest in the world. The 2,950 men in the active army are organized into six infantry and one engineer battalions, with 350 reserves forming a further three.
Military of France The military of France has a long history of serving its country. The President of the Republic is the Commander-in-Chief of the French military, which counts the defence of national territory, the protection of French interests abroad, and the maintenance of global stability as some of its primary objectives.
Military of Gabon Gabon has a small, professional military of about 5,000 personnel, divided into army, navy, air force, gendarmerie, and national police. Gabonese forces are oriented to the defense of the country and have not been trained for an offensive role.
Military of Guinea Guinea's armed forces are divided into four branches--army, navy, air force, and gendarmerie--whose chiefs report to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who is subordinate to the Minister of Defense. President Conté appointed his first civilian Minister of Defense in 1997.
Military of Haiti Since 1995, when the Haitian National Police () was created to bring public security under civilian control as mandated in Haiti's constitution, more than 6,000 police officers have completed training in modern law enforcement. U.
Military of Chad The Military of Chad was dominated by members of Toubou, Zaghawa, Kanembou, Hadjerai, and Massa ethnic groups during the presidency of Hissène Habré. Current Chadian president Idriss Déby, a member of the minority Zaghawa-related Bidyate clan and a top military commander, revolted and fled to the Sudan, taking with him many Zaghawa and Hadjerai soldiers in 1989.
Military of Iceland When Iceland became a founding member of NATO in 1949, it did so on the explicit understanding that Iceland, which has not had an army since 1859, would not be expected to establish an indigenous force, although provisions for such forces had been made in the Icelandic constitution since 1874, only removed in 1995.
Military of India The military of India, officially known as the Indian armed forces, is the primary military organisation responsible for the territorial security and defense of India. The President of India serves as the supreme commander of the armed forces, which are subordinate and responsible to the civilian government headed by the Prime Minister of India.
Military of Indonesia Indonesia's armed forces (Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia, abbreviated as TNI, formerly Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia, abbreviated as ABRI) total about 1,602,000 members, including the Army (TNI-AD), Navy(including marines), and Air Force. The army is by far the largest, with about 733,000 active-duty personnel.
Military of Iran The Islamic Republic of Iran has two kinds of armed forces: the regular forces and the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), totalling about 545,000 personnel.IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p.
Military of Iraq The military of Iraq is the armed forces of Iraq, consisting of the New Iraqi Army, the Iraqi Air Force, and the Iraqi Coastal Defense Force. Iraq is currently rebuilding its military after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq.
Military of Kuwait Before the Persian Gulf War, Kuwait maintained a small military force consisting of army, navy, and air force and national guard units. The majority of equipment for the military was supplied by the United Kingdom and the United States.
Military of Malaysia Military of Malaysia is known officially as the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF, Malay: Angkatan Tentera Malaysia). It consists of three branches; the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN, Malay: Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia), the Malaysian Army (Malay: Tentera Darat Malaysia) and the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF, Malay: Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia).
Military of Mali Mali's armed forces number some 7,000 and are under the control of the Minister of Armed Forces and Veterans. The Gendarmerie and local police forces (under the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Security) maintain internal security.
Military of Namibia The constitution of Namibia defined the role of the military as "defending the territory and national interests." Namibia formed the National Defence Force (NDF), comprising former enemies in a 23-year bush war: the Peoples Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) and South West African Territorial Force (SWATF).
Military of New Caledonia The Military of New Caledonia is not an indigenous force, but rather an extension of the French military. The defense of the island chain is the responsibility of France, and thus the islands maintain no regular forces beyond local police forces.
Military of Palau Palau has no independent military, and relies on the United States for its defense. Under a Compact of Free Association, signed upon the granting of full independence in 1994, the American military has been granted access to the islands for 50 years.
Military of Panama Panama is one of two countries in Latin America (the other being Costa Rica) that have permanently abolished standing military forces. This came as a result of a particularly harsh military dictatorship which ruled the country from 1968 to 1989.
Military of Papua New Guinea The Papua New Guinea Defense Force is the unified armed forces of Papua New Guinea. It originated from the land force of PNG as an Australian colony before independence in 1975, the Royal Pacific Islands Regiment.
Military of Rwanda The military establishment of Rwanda is comprised of an army and a paramilitary gendarmerie. Defense spending continues to represent a disproportionate share of the national budget, largely due to continuing security problems along the frontiers with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi in the aftermath of the war.
Military of Saudi Arabia The Saudi Ministry of Defence and Aviation is responsible for the direction of the Kingdom's military. The Ministry also has responsibility for the construction of civilian airports (as well as military bases), and for meteorology.
Military of São Tomé and Príncipe The island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe off the coast of West Africa maintains a very small military, consisting of four branches: the Army, the Coast Guard, the Presidential Guard, and the National Guard. In the 2005 fiscal year, military expenditures were $581 729, about 0.
Military of Senegal Senegal has well-trained and disciplined armed forces consisting of about 19,000 personnel in the army, air force, navy, and gendarmerie. The Senegalese military force receives most of its training, equipment, and support from France and the United States.
Military of Serbia The Military of Serbia is the successor to the Military of Serbia and Montenegro, which ceased to exist after ]Montenegro voted to end the union of Serbia and Montenegro. In accordance with the agreement which established the union, Serbia inherited the joint Ministry of Defense — this was confirmed in a decree by the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia on June 5.
Military of Serbia and Montenegro The Military of Serbia and Montenegro, or VSCG, was the Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro (Војска Србије и Црне Горе - ВСЦГ), which included ground forces with internal and border troops, naval forces, air and air defense forces, and civil defense. It existed from 2003 to 2006.
Military of South Korea The Republic of Korea Armed Forces, or ROK Armed Forces (Korean: 대한민국 국군/大韓民國 國軍), is one of the largest standing armed forces in the world. It consists of the armed forces in the following services:
Military of Sri Lanka The Military of Sri Lanka consists of Three Branches which are the Army, Navy, Air Force. It grew from a ceremonial force after the independence from the British empire to a highly trained and highly motivated Armed force.
Military of Sudan The Sudan People's Armed Forces is a 60,000-member army supported by a small air force and navy. Irregular tribal and former rebel militias and Popular Defence Forces supplement the army’s strength in the field.
Military of Suriname Suriname's armed forces consist of the national army, under the control of the Minister of Defense, and a smaller civil police force, which reports to the Minister of Justice and Police. The national armed forces are comprised of some 2200 personnel, the majority of whom are deployed as light infantry security forces.
Military of the Czech Republic The Czech Armed Forces (Czech: Armáda České republiky) consists of Land and Air Forces and of specialized support units. Being a member of NATO since March 12, 1999, the Czech Republic completes a major overhaul of the extensive Czechoslovak armed forces which until 1989 formed one of the pillars of the Warsaw Pact military alliance.
Military of the Dominican Republic The Military of the Dominican Republic consists of approximately 44,000 active duty personnel, about 30 percent of which are utilized for non-military operations, including security providers for government owned non-military facilities, toll security, prison guards, forestry workers and other state enterprises. The president is the commander in chief for the military.
Military of the European Union The European Union does not have its own military forces. As some of the 27 EU member states are also members of NATO, some EU states cooperate on defense policy (collective security) albeit primarily through NATO rather than through the EU or aligned group (such as the Western European Union).
Military of the Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands are an overseas territory of the United Kingdom and, as such, rely on the UK for guarantee of their security. The other UK territories in the South Atlantic, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, fall under the protection of the British forces on the Falklands (also known as British Forces Falkland Islands or British Forces South Atlantic Islands), which includes commitments from the British Army, Royal Air Force and Royal Navy.
Military of the Gambia The Gambian national army numbers about 1,900. The army consists of infantry battalions, the national guard, and the navy, all under the authority of the Department of State for Defense (a ministerial portfolio held by President Jammeh).
Military of the People's Republic of China Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Military of the People's Republic of China has grown to include the active and reserve forces of the People's Liberation Army, the People's Armed Police and the Militia The Components of the Armed Forces, PRC official website. In terms of sheer number of troops, the 13-million-strong Chinese armed forces is currently the largest military in the world Chinese Army Modernization: An Overview, by Lieutenant Colonel Dennis J.
Military of the Republic of Macedonia The Armed Forces of the Republic of Macedonia (Macedonian: Армија на Република Македонија) were formed in 1992 after withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army which left behind only a small number of infantry weapons and four broken World War 2 T-34 tanks to equip the new army.
Military of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has a 2,000 man Defense Force which is primarily made up of conscripted Turkish Cypriot males between the ages of 20 and 40. This force supplements the 30,000 strong Turkish Military which is stationed on the island.
Military of the United Arab Emirates The Trucial Oman Scouts, long the symbol of public order on the coast and commanded by British officers, were turned over to the United Arab Emirates as its defense forces in 1971. The UAE armed forces, consisting of 65,000 troops, are headquartered in Abu Dhabi and are primarily responsible for the defense of the seven emirates.
Military of the Vatican City While the Swiss Guard is the most famous military unit in the service of the Vatican City, historically a number of other units existed. The last remaining units other than the Swiss Guards, the Noble Guard and the Palatine Guard, were abolished by Pope Paul VI in 1970.
Military of Thailand The Royal Thai Military (กองทัพไทย) is the name of the military of Thailand. It has four main branches, the Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force, in addition to Paramilitary Forces.
Military of Uruguay The armed forces of Uruguay are constitutionally subordinate to the president through the Minister of Defense. By offering early retirement incentives, the government has trimmed the armed forces to about 14,500 for the army, 6,000 for the navy, and 3,000 for the air force.
Military of Venezuela As of 2000, the national armed forces of Venezuela (FAN Fuerza Armada Nacional) comprised 87,500 individuals in four service branches--the Army, Navy (including the Marine Corps), Air Force, and the Armed Forces of Cooperation (FAC), commonly known as the National Guard.
Military of Zimbabwe At the time of independence, the then Prime Minister Mugabe declared that integrating Zimbabwe's three armed forces would be one of Zimbabwe's top priorities. The existing Rhodesian forces were combined with the two guerilla armies;the 20,000-strong ZANLA forces of ZANU-PF and the 15,000-strong ZIPRA forces of PF-ZAPU.
Military operation A military operation is the employment of military resources (for example in a military campaign) to achieve a specific objective. It involves the planning, calculating, or the giving (or receiving) of information.
Military operations other than war Military operations other than war (MOOTW) is a concept in United States military doctrine that refers to the use of military capabilities across a range of operations that fall short of outright war. Military operations other than war focus on deterring war, resolving conflict, promoting peace, and supporting civil authorities in response to domestic crises.
Military opposition to the Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill (Fiji) Commodore Frank Bainimarama, Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces, has been a vociferous and uncompromising critic of the government's proposal to establish a Reconciliation and Unity Commission, with the power to grant compensation to victims of the 2000 coup, and amnesty to perpetrators of it. Among other objections, the Military claims that its integrity and discipline would be undermined if soldiers who mutinied in the 2000 upheaval were to be pardoned.
Military Occupational Specialty A Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) is a job classification in use in the United States Army and Marine Corps. The occupational specialty system uses a system of letters and numbers to identify general and specific jobs of military personnel.
Military Operations Area A military operations area (MOA) is "airspace established outside Class A airspace to separate or segregate certain nonhazardous military activities from IFR Traffic and to identify for VFR traffic where these activities are conducted." (14 CFR §1.
Military Order of Italy The Military Order of Italy (Ordine Militare d'Italia) is the highest military order of Italy, originally established as the Military Order of Savoy on August 14 1815 by King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia. The Order has five classes, in descending order:
Military Order of Maria Theresa The Military Order of Maria Theresa (Militär-Maria-Theresien-Orden in German) was an Order (decoration) of the Austro-Hungarian Empire founded on June 18 1757, the day of the Battle of Kolin, by the Empress Maria Theresa to reward especially meritorious and valorous acts by commissioned officer, including and especially the corageous act of defeating an enemy, and thus, "serving" his monarch. It was specifically given for "successful military acts of essential impact to a campaign that were undertaken on [the officer's] own initiative, and might have been omitted by an honorable officer without reproach.
Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle The Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle is an Estonian order awarded for military accomplishment and services in the field of national defence. It is granted in three different classes: Gold Cross, Silver Cross, and Iron Cross.
Military Order of the Iron Trefoil The Military Order of the Iron Trefoil (Croatian Vojnički red Željezni trolist) was a military order awarded by the Independent State of Croatia. The bearers of the award were given the title of knight (vitez).
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States The Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, also known by its acronym MOLLUS or simply as the Loyal Legion, is a United States military order dating back originally to the end of the Civil War. Though it has never had official government sanction, at its height in the late 19th century, nearly all important military officers were members.
Military Order of the Stars and Bars The Military Order of the Stars and Bars is a patriotic fraternal organization for descendants of men who served as commissioned officers in the armed forces of the Confederate States of America. Its home office is in Daphne, Alabama.
Military Ordinariate of the Philippines The Military Ordinariate of the Philippines is a diocese for the Armed Forces of the Philippines. It has jurisdiction over all military personnel, their dependents, and the civilian employees of all branches of the armed forces.
Military OSINT Tribe *The Netherlands The single most important international pioneer in military OSINT is Research Arno Reuser, head of the Open Source Intelligence branch of the Dutch Military Intelligence organization. His deep knowledge of sources, software, and services, including his knowledge of fair and alternative pricing, is without peer.
Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal The Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal is a decoration of the United States military which was created by Presidential Order of George Bush on January 9 1993. The medal was designed by the Institute of Heraldry and was first issued in December 1993.
Military parlance Military parlance is the vernacular used within the military and embraces all aspects of service life; it can be described as both a "code" and a "classification" of something. Like many close and closed communities, the language used can often be full of jargon and not readily intelligible to outsiders -- sometimes this is for military operational or security reasons; other times it is because of the natural evolution of the day-to-day language used in the various units.
Military patrol at the 1924 Winter Olympics At the 1924 Winter Olympics, in Chamonix, France, in 1924, a military patrol competition was held. The Olympic results database lists the official medal winners for the event, yet several sources have counted this competition as a demonstration event only.
Military patrol at the 1936 Winter Olympics At the 1936 Winter Olympics, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, in 1936, a military patrol competition was held. The International Olympic Committee refused admission of this sport into the Olympic Program, but the expressed desires of Adolf Hitler forced the IOC to make this program a demonstration sport.
Military press The military press is a weight training exercise that is often used for bodybuilding or powerlifting in which the lifter remains vertical and raises and lowers a barbell directly above their shoulders. It is intended for the development of the shoulder, or deltoid muscles.
Military prison Almost every modern state-level military operates some type of military prison system. Military prisons are used variously to house prisoners of war, enemy combatants, those whose freedom is deemed a national security risk by military or civilian authorities, and members of the military found guilty of a serious crime.
Military psychiatrist A military psychiatrist is usually a professional that deals with the treatment of military personnel and officers studying the psychological problems consequent to a real war, a virtual one, or during peacetime.
Military Payment Certificate Military Payment Certificates, or MPC, were used from the end of World War II until the end of the Vietnam War, between the years 1946 and 1973. MPC's utilized layers of line lithography to create colorful banknotes that could be produced cheaply.
Military Personnel Records Center The Military Personnel Records Center (NPRC-MPR)is a branch of the National Personnel Records Center] and is the repository of over fifty-six million military [[service record|personnel records, health files, and medical records pertaining to retired, discharged, and deceased veterans of the United States armed forces.
Military ranks of the Soviet Union The military ranks of the Soviet Union were those introduced after the October Revolution of 1917. At that time the Imperial Russian Table of Ranks was abolished, as were the privileges of the dvoryanstvo (the pre-Soviet nobility).
Military reserve A military reserve or strategic reserve is a group of military personnel not committed to battle by their commander so that they are available to address unforeseen situations. Such forces may be held back to defend against attack from other enemy forces, to be committed to the existing battle if the enemy exposes a vulnerability, or to serve as relief for troops already fighting.
Military reserve force A military reserve force is a military organization composed of part-time military personnel, and sometimes civilians, who are available to fight when a nation mobilizes for total war or to defend against invasion. Reserve forces are generally not considered part of a permanent standing body of armed forces.
Military rites Military rites are honors presented at a funeral for a member of a military or police force. These rites, which are performed (usually) at the burial, include the firing of rifles, presenting of a flag and or bugle calls.
Military Rabbinate The Military Rabbinate is a unit in the Israel Defense Forces that provides religious services to soldiers, including non-Jews. The Military Rabbinate is headed by the Chief Military Rabbi, who is ranked a Brigadier General.
Military Revolution Similar to Charlemagne’s re-establishment of the feudal monarch, the increasing dominance of gunpowder in Early Modern warfare brought another great change and transformation to Europe. Some call this change the Military Revolution, because gunpowder forced military advancements in not only weaponry, but also tactics and even the formation of standing armies and navies; something feudal monarchs had not been able to form.
Military Revolutionary Committee Military Revolutionary Committee () was the name for military organs under soviet (council)s during the period of the Russian Revolution. The most notable ones were those of Petrograd Soviet, of Moscow Soviet, and at Stavka.
Military Ridge State Trail The Military Ridge State Trail is a 40-mile long, recreational trail connecting Dodgeville and Madison, Wisconsin, by way of the communities of Ridgeway, Barneveld, Blue Mounds, Mount Horeb, Riley, Klevenville, and Verona.
Military saint The military saints of the Early Christian Church, enjoyed a vogue parallel to the virgin martyrs. The persecution of Christians under Diocletian usually furnished the background for soldier-saint hagiography which has a common theme: a soldier of the Empire has become a Christian and is found out.
Military science Military science is the study of the technique, psychology, practice and other phenomena which constitute war and armed conflict. It strives to be a scientific system that if properly employed, will greatly enhance the practitioner's ability to prevail in an armed conflict with any adversary.
Military science fiction Military science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction where interstellar or interplanetary conflict and its armed solution (war) make up the main or partial backdrop of the story. Such war is usually shown from the point of view of a soldier.
Military secret A military secret is secret information that is purposely not made available to the general public (and hence to any enemy) by the military in order to gain an advantage or to not reveal a weakness, avoid embarrassment, or to help in propaganda efforts.
Military settlement Military settlements (Russian: Военные поселения) represented a special organization of the Russian military forces in 1810-1857, which allowed the combination of military service and agricultural employment.
Military slang Military slang, or informal military terms, is a set of colloquial terms used commonly by military personnel — often as abbreviations or derivations of the NATO Phonetic Alphabet, or otherwise incorporating aspects of formal military concepts and terms. Military slang is often used to reinforce the (usually friendly) interservice rivalries.
Military space shuttle A military space shuttle would be (if it existed) the oft-speculated-upon military equivalent of NASA's space shuttle. Many experts believe that it is extremely unlikely that NASA, the United States Department of Defense or any other Federal agency could keep the existence of such a spacecraft secret, given the official knowledge that stated extensive technical support and launching establishment would be necessary to fly it.
Military supply chain management Military supply chain management is a cross-functional approach to procuring, producing and delivering products and services. The broad management scope includes sub-suppliers, suppliers, internal information and funds flow.
Military Sealift Command The Military Sealift Command (MSC) is a United States Navy (USN) organization that controls most of the replenishment and military transport ships of the Navy. It first came into existence on 9 July 1949 when the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) became solely responsible for the Department of Defense's ocean transport needs.
Military Sealift Fleet Support Command Military Sealift Fleet Support Command, or MSFSC, is a subordinate command of Military Sealift Command and is a single Type Commander execution command having worldwide responsibility to crew, train, equip and maintain MSC government-owned, government-operated ships.
Military Skills Development The Military Skills Development program is a South African project whose aim it is to improve the mission readiness of the South African Army, Airforce, Navy and Medical Service. It has been running since 2002, with the amounts of recruits influenced by budgetary restraints.
Military Structure of the FARC-EP The military structure of the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo ("Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army", or FARC-EP), formally began to be developed after the middle of 1964, when the Colombian Army occupated the town of Marquetalia.
Military tactics Military tactics (Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army) are the collective name for methods for engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. Changes in philosophy and technology over time have been reflected in changes to military tactics.
Military tattoo The term military tattoo, referring to a military drum performance, dates from the seventeenth century when the British Army were fighting in the Low Countries (Belgium and The Netherlands). Drummers from the garrison were sent out into the towns at 21:30 hrs (9:30PM) each evening to inform the soldiers that it was time to return to barracks.
Military terminology Military terminology refers to the terms and language of military organizations and personnel as belonging to a discrete category, as distinguishable by their usage in military doctrine, as they serve to depoliticise, dehumanise, or otherwise abstract discussion about its operations from an actual description thereof.
Military theory Military theory is the analysis of normative behavior and trends in military affairs and military history. Beyond simply describing events in war, military theories, especially since the influence of Clausewitz in the nineteenth century, attempt to encapsulate the complex cultural, political, and economic relationships between societies and the conflicts they create.
Military tribunal A military tribunal is a kind of military court designed to try members of enemy forces during wartime, operating outside the scope of conventional criminal and civil matters. The judges are military officers and fulfill the role of jurors.

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