Encyclopedia

Mola (art form) The mola is a traditional textile art form made by the Kuna people of Panama and Colombia. Molas are cloth panels, made to wear on clothing, and feature complex designs made with multiple layers of cloth in a reverse appliqué technique.
Molad Molad (plural Moladot), a Hebrew word meaning "birth", refers to the time at which the New Moon is "born". Although the moment of the molad is announced on the Shabbat prior to each month (except before Tishrei), its only relevance to the present day fixed arithmetic lunisolar Hebrew calendar is that the molad of the month of Tishrei determines the date of the New Year Day (Rosh Hashanah), subject to possible postponements of 0, 1, or 2 days (depending on certain postponement rules).
Moladi Moladi is a South African company specialising in technology for producing low cost housing, mainly intended for third world countries, by a patented process of reusable plastic formwork. The process involves creating a mould the form of the complete house (usually one-story only).
Molala The Molala (also Molale, Molalla, Molele) were a people of the Plateau culture area in central Oregon, United States. Some consider them extinct, though they are one of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon, with 141 of the 882 members in the 1950s claiming Molalla descent.
Molar absorptivity In analytical chemistry, the molar absorptivity or molar extinction coefficient ε of a chemical species at a given wavelength is a measure of how strongly the species absorbs light at that wavelength. It is an intrinsic property of the species; the actual absorbance of a sample is dependent on its thickness L and the concentration c of the species.
Molar mass distribution The Molar mass distribution in a polymer describes the relationship between a polymer fraction and the molar mass of that polymer fraction. In linear polymers the individual polymer chains rarely have the exact same degree of polymerization and there is always a distribution around an average value.
Molar volume In chemistry, the molar volume of a substance is the ratio of the volume of a sample of that substance (expressed in litres, for example) to the amount of substance (usually expressed in moles) in the sample. Apart from computing molar volume by dividing the volume of the substance by the amount of substance, it can also be computed as the substance's atomic or molecular mass (whichever is appropriate), divided by its density.
Molash Molash is a civil parish and village in Kent, South East England with a population of about 230 people. It is situated in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) nestling on the picturesque North Downs; on the A252 road between Canterbury (8 miles), Ashford (8m) and Faversham (8m).
Molasse Molasse refers to the sandstones, or less commonly shales formed as shore deposits, for example that left from the rising Alps, or erosion in the Himalaya. More generally, the term means the terrestrial deposits eroded from a mountain chain and deposited in a foreland basin, especially on top of flysch.
Molasse basin In geology, a molasse basin is the stage of a developing foreland basin, in which molasse is deposited. The term is used for all localities, but this type of basin was first studied in the Swiss and Bavarian foreland of the Alps, therefore that particular basin is called the Molasse basin.
MolÄ—tai Astronomical Observatory The MolÄ—tai Astronomical Observatory (MAO; MolÄ—tĹł astronomijos observatorija in Lithuanian) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy of Lithuania. It is located on the Kaldiniai hill next to Kulionys, Lithuania, 10 km from the town of MolÄ—tai.
Molcajete A molcajete is a stone tool, the traditional Mexican version of the mortar and pestle tool, used for grinding various food products. The molcajete was used by pre-hispanic Mesoamerican cultures including the Aztec and Maya, stretching back several thousand years, and likely evolved from the more primitive metate grinding slab.
Mold Molds (or moulds, see spelling differences) are microscopic multicellular fungi. They are generally composed of hyphae (filamentous structures) which are usually but not always separated from each other by divisions called septa.
Mold of the Earth "Mold of the Earth" (Polish: "Pleśń świata") is one of Bolesław Prus' shortest micro-stories. Written in 1884, it comes from a several years' period of pessimism in the author's life caused by the lamentable situation of Poland (which nine decades earlier, upon the completion of the Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, had ceased to exist as an independent country) and by the 1883 failure of Nowiny (News), a Warsaw daily that Prus had been editing less than a year.
Mold remediation Mold remediation is the process by which a certified and or trained professional performs a the removal and or clean up of mold from an indoor environment. Mold is normally found indoors at levels that do not affect most healthy individuals.
Moldavia Moldavia (Romanian: Moldova) is a geographical and historical region in South-Eastern Europe, roughly corresponding to the territory of the historic principality of the same name. The latter (an initially independent and later autonomous state) existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, it included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak) and much of Bukovina.
Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Moldavian ASSR or Moldovan ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; Romanian: Republica Autonomă Socialistă Sovietică Moldovenească) was an autonomous region of the Ukrainian SSR between 12 October 1924 and 2 August 1940, encompassing Transnistria (now in Moldova) and parts which are now in Ukraine.
Moldavian Cup The Moldavian Cup () is a football competition, held annually except for 1981, in the Republic of Moldova. It was a regional cup from 1945 to 1992, and from 1992 it became a national cup (as the Republic of Moldova gained its independence from the USSR).
Moldavian Democratic Republic Moldavian Democratic Republic was declared on December 16, 1917 by the National Council (Sfatul Ţării) of Bassarabia (Bessarabia) elected in September 1917 in the wake of the February Revolution in the Russian Empire.
Moldavian Magnate Wars The Moldavian Magnate Wars refer to the period at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century when the magnates of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia, clashing with the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire for domination of the territory.
Moldavian SSR The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldovan Cyrillic: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ, Romanian: Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Russian: Молда́вская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика) was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union from 1940 to 1941 and from 1945 to 1991.
Molde panorama The Molde Panorama is a general term used to describe the famous panoramic view of some 220 partly snow-clad peaks, seen from the city of Molde, Norway. The impressive sight can be enjoyed from all over the city, but perferably from the Varden, a viewpoint on the top of the hill (404 meter above sea level) behind the city.
Moldefjord Moldefjord is the 60 km long northern branch of Romsdalsfjord, running past the city of Molde, Norway, in and east-west bound direction from Julsund to the west, north of the Molde archipelago, and continuing east of the city as Fannefjord.
Moldemarka Moldemarka is the general term used to describe the 30km² hilly and mostly wood-clad recreational area north of the city of Molde in the county of Møre og Romsdal, Norway. The area is famous for the spectacular Molde panorama, and visitors can enjoy a pristine nature and a magnificent view of more than 222 rugged and partly snow-clad peaks, mountainous islands, lush green hills, and the mighty North Atlantic Ocean to the north and west.
Molding (decorative) Molding or moulding is a strip of material with various cross sections used to cover transitions between surfaces or for decoration. It is traditionally made from solid milled wood or plaster but may be made from plastic or reformed wood.
Moldova The Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova) is a small landlocked country in eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south. Historically part of the Principality of Moldavia, it was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1812 and reunited with other Romanian lands in Romania in 1918.
Moldova and the European Union The enlargement of the European Union on 1 May 2004 has brought a historical shift for the Union in political, geographic and economic terms, further reinforcing the political and economic interdependence between the EU and Moldova. Enlargement offers the opportunity for the EU and Moldova to develop an increasingly close relationship, going beyond cooperation, to involve a significant measure of economic integration and a deepening of political co-operation.
Moldova at the 1996 Summer Olympics Moldova competed in the Summer Olympic Games as an independent nation for the first time at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States. Previously, Moldovan athletes competed for the Unified Team at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
Moldova Air Force In 1994 the Moldovan air force consisted of 1,300 men organized into one fighter regiment, one helicopter squadron, and one missile brigade. Equipment used by the air force included thirty-one MiG-29 aircraft, eight Mi-8 helicopters, five transport aircraft (including an Antonov An-72), and twenty-five SA-3/SA-5 Gammon surface-to-air missile.
Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest Moldova has only participated in the Eurovision Song Contest twice, in 2005 and 2006 (see ESC2005 and ESC2006). This is due to the country only joining the European Broadcasting Union, which countries must be part of in order to compete in Eurovision, in late 2004.
Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 The Moldovan Final was held on February 26 at the National Palace in Chişinău, hosted by Aurelia Vasilica & Valeriu Myrza. The winner was chosen by televoting (50%) and an "expert" jury (50%) - Zdob si Zdub won the televote while Millennium was favourite with the "expert" jury.
Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 Moldova’s entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 was due to be selected in a national final that took place on 25 February organised by national broadcaster Teleradio-Moldova (TRM). The result was a three-way tie, and the rules stated that should this happen, the youngest jury member would choose the winner, which they refused to do.
Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 Moldova chose their entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 by using a panel of experts selected by TRM, to internally select a song and performer. After a jury narrowed down the 34 valid songs to 3, a professional jury selected Natalia Barbu out of the three remaining options for Helsinki.
Moldova National Opera Ballet The National Ballet of Moldova is housed, together with the National Opera, in an theatre building on the Boulevard Stefan the Great, main road in Chişinău (pronounced Kishinau), the capital of Moldova. Built during the years of the Soviet Union, the theatre has superb equipment and facilities; and it has established itself as one of the leading ballet companies in Eastern Europe.
Moldovan language Moldovan (also Moldavian) is the official name for the Romanian language in the Republic of Moldova and in the territory of Transnistria.Kogan Page 2004, p 242 The Constitution of Moldova declares that the Moldovan language is the official language of the state.
Moldovan schools in Transnistria The Moldovan schools in Transnistria became an issue of contention in 2004 in the context of the disputed status of Transnistria, a region claimed equally by Moldova and by Transnistria itself which declared independence on September 2, 1990.
Moldovan wine Moldova, like neighbouring Romania, has a well established wine industry, although it is still mainly family-based. Many families have their own recipes and strands of grapes that have been passed on through generations.
Moldovan-Romanian dictionary The Moldovan-Romanian dictionary (Dicţionar Moldovenesc-Românesc) is a dictionary compiled by Vasile Stati and published in Chişinău, Moldova, in 2003 that contains 19,000 Moldovan words that are explained in Romanian. Its publishing was followed by a wave of criticism both in the Republic of Moldova and in Romania.
Moldovans Moldovans, or Moldavians (Moldovan/Romanian: Moldoveni; Молдовень is the form used by the Moldovan Cyrillic script, which nowadays has official status only in Transnistria) are the native population in, depending on one's interpretation, all or part of the lands that correspond to the former Principality of Moldavia.
Mole (espionage) A mole is a spy who works for an enemy nation and works within his nation's government. A mole differs from a defector in that a mole is a spy before gaining access to classified information, while a defector only becomes a spy after gaining access.
Mole cricket The mole crickets comprise a family (Gryllotalpidae) of thick-bodied insects about 3-5 cm (1-2 inches) long, with large beady eyes and shovel-like forelimbs highly developed for burrowing and swimming. They can also fly – the adult mole cricket may fly as far as 8 kilometers (approximately 5 miles) during mating season, is active most of the year, and spends the winter in hibernation.
Mole Day Mole Day is an unofficial holiday celebrated among chemists in North America on October 23, between 6:02 AM and 6:02 PM, making the date 6:02 10/23 in the American style of writing dates. The time and date are derived from Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.
Mole fraction In chemistry, the mole fraction of a component in a mixture is the relative proportion of molecules belonging to the component to those in the mixture, by number of molecules. It is one way of measuring concentration.
Mole Mania Mole Mania is a video game created for the original Game Boy, designed by Shigeru Miyamoto, and also one of his less known works. The story involves a mole named Muddy, whose wife and children have been stolen by the farmer, Jinbe.
Mole People Mole People, sometimes also referred to as CHUDs - after the 1984 low budget horror movie of the same name, is a term used to refer to the indefinite number of homeless people purported to live under New York City in abandoned subway tunnels. Estimates of the number of individuals living in this way are hard to obtain and impossible to verify, but a 1989 survey suggested they numbered around 5,000.
Mole salamander Mole salamanders (genus Ambystoma) are a group of salamanders endemic to North America. The genus has become famous due to the presence of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), widely used in research, and the Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum, Ambystoma mavortium) which is the official amphibian of many states, and often sold as a pet.
Mole Sisters The Mole Sisters, based on the book series by Canadian Roslyn Schwartz, follows two mole sisters on their adventures as they explore their environment. Independent, curious and full of energy, the sisters bring optimism and delight to their daily routine, whether rolling down hills, swinging on willow trees or splashing in the mud.
Mole-Richardson Mole-Richardson, also known as Mole, is a stage lighting instrument and motion picture lighting manufacturing company based in Hollywood, California. The company was started in 1927 by Sicilain immigrant Peter Mule (changed to Mole) who first worked for Thomas Edison and G&E in New York.
Molecomb Stakes The Molecomb Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in the United Kingdom for two-year-old thoroughbreds run over a distance of 5 furlongs (1,006 metres) at Goodwood Racecourse during the Glorious Goodwood meeting in late July / early August.
Molecular (Mutant X) In the television show Mutant X, Genomex created four types of new mutants: elemental, feral, molecular and psionic. Also known as 'Freaks', molecular new mutants have abilities that defy all laws of man and science.
Molecular anatomy Molecular anatomy is the investigation of the molecular changes of cells, tissues, and organs in a developing embryo. With this information, it is possible to determine potential activities of specific molecules, and using such observations, theories of gene function can be tested experimentally.
Molecular assembler A molecular assembler has been defined as a machine of atomically precise construction capable of assembling molecular moieties according to specific instructions to construct a desired product. Some biological molecules such as ribosomes fit this definition, since while working within a cell's environment, it receives instructions from mRNA and then assembles specific sequences of amino acids to construct protein molecules.
Molecular attraction Molecular attraction occurs when neutrally-charged molecules nevertheless experience the uneven distribution of electrons over their structure due to London Forces induced by random variations of electron density occurring in non-polar compounds, hydrogen bonding due to the production of what is essentially a bare proton when it is bonded with a strongly electronegative element such as fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen, and the dipole-dipole interaction between compounds that are polar, such as salt. The properties of liquids and the expansion of water ice when it freezes are due to molecular attraction.
Molecular biophysics Molecular biophysics is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary area of research that combines concepts in physics, chemistry, engineering and biology. It seeks to understand biomolecular systems and explain biological function in terms of molecular structure, structural organization, and dynamic behaviour at various levels of complexity (from single molecules to supramolecular structures, viruses and small living systems).
Molecular Biology (journal) Molecular Biology is a scientific journal which covers a wide scope of problems related to molecular, cell and computational biology including genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, molecular virology and immunology, molecular development biology, and molecular evolution. Molecular Biology publishes reviews, mini-reviews, experimental and theoretical works, short communications and hypotheses.
Molecular Biology Core Facilities (MBCF) The Molecular Biology Core Facilities (MBCF) was created to allow Investigators at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) access to cutting edge molecular biology tools which would be tested and developed in a shared setting. Collaborations can be set up with anyone in the world.
Molecular Biology of the Cell Molecular Biology of the Cell (MBC) is published monthly online and in print by the American Society for Cell Biology. MBC publishes original and scholarly research reports that contribute to the scientific understanding of the molecular basis of cell structure and function.
Molecular clock The molecular clock (based on the molecular clock hypothesis (MCH)) is a technique in genetics, which researchers use to date when two species diverged. It deduces elapsed time from the number of minor differences between their DNA sequences.
Molecular complementarity In supramolecular chemistry, molecular complementarity refers to recognition between supermolecules formed by receptor-substrate binding through processes including spherical and tetrahedral recognition, linear recognition by co-receptors, metalloreceptors, amphiphilic receptors, and anion coordination.
Molecular compound In chemistry, a molecular compound, or covalent compound, is a substance formed when two or more elements (usually non-metals) combine to form molecules. This is a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules.
Molecular configuration The configuration of a molecule is the permanent geometry that results from the spatial arrangement of its bonds. The ability of the same set of atoms to form two or more molecules with different configurations is stereoisomerism.
Molecular cytogenetics Molecular cytogenetics involves the combination of molecular biology and cytogenetics. In general this involves the use of a series of techniques referred to as fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, in which DNA probes are labeled with different colored fluorescent tags to visualize one or more specific regions of the genome.
Molecular Cellular Cognition Key goals of studies in the field of molecular cellular cognition (MCC) include the derivation of explanations of cognitive processes that integrate molecular, cellular, and behavioral mechanisms, and finding mechanism and treatments for cognitive disorders. Although closely connected with behavioral genetics, MCC emphasizes the integration of molecular and cellular explanations of behavior, instead of focusing on the connections between genes and behavior.
Molecular docking Computational molecular docking is a research technique for predicting whether one molecule will bind to another, usually a protein. Protein-protein, protein-DNA and protein-ligand docking predictions are all performed, though the techniques employed in each area are highly various.
Molecular drive Molecular drive as a third factor in co-evolution, has extended the understanding of evolutionary processes to refer to evolutionary interactions between and even within molecules in the field of molecular evolution. Examples may be found in the co-evolution between hormones and receptors.
Molecular dynamics Molecular dynamics (MD) is a form of computer simulation where atoms and molecules are allowed to interact for a period of time under known laws of physics. Because in general molecular systems consist of a large number of particles, it is impossible to find the properties of such complex systems analytically.
Molecular electronic transition Molecular electronic transitions take place when valence electrons in a molecule are excited from one energy level to a higher energy level. The energy change associated with this transition provides information on the structure of a molecule and determines many molecular properties such as color.
Molecular electronics Molecular electronics (sometimes called moletronics) is an interdisciplinary theme that spans physics, chemistry, and materials science. The unifying feature of this area is the use of molecular building blocks for the fabrication of electronic components, both passive (e.
Molecular encapsulation Molecular encapsulation in supramolecular chemistry is the confinement of a guest molecule inside the cavity of a supramolecular host molecule (molecular capsule, molecular container or cage compounds). Examples of supramolecular host molecule include carcerands and endohedral fullerenes.
Molecular entity According to IUPAC Gold BookIUPAC Gold Book definition of molecular entity a molecular entity is any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer, etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
Molecular evolution Molecular evolution is the process of evolution at the scale of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Molecular evolution emerged as a scientific field in the 1960's as researchers from molecular biology, evolutionary biology and population genetics sought to understand recent discoveries on the structure and function of nucleic acids and protein.
Molecular geometry Molecular geometry or molecular structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule, inferred from the spectroscopic studies of the compound. It determines several properties of a substance including its reactivity, polarity, phase of matter, color, magnetism, and biological activity.
Molecular graphics Molecular graphics is the discipline and philosophy of studying molecules and their properties through graphical representation. Ever since Dalton's atoms and Kekule's benzene, there has been a rich history of hand-drawn atoms and molecules, and these representations have had an important influence on modern molecular graphics.
Molecular Hamiltonian In atomic, molecular, and optical physics as well as in quantum chemistry, molecular Hamiltonian is the name given to the Hamiltonian representing the energy of the electrons and nuclei in a molecule. This Hermitian operator and the associated Schrödinger equation play a central role in computational chemistry and physics for computing propreties of molecules and aggregates of molecules, such as conductivity, optical, and magnetic properties, and reactivity.
Molecular chaos In kinetic theory in physics, molecular chaos is the assumption that the velocities of colliding particles are uncorrelated, and independent of position. This assumption, also called in the writings of Boltzmann the Stosszahlansatz (collision number hypothesis), makes many calculations tractable.
Molecular immobilization (Charmed) In the television series Charmed, molecular immobilization or temporal statis is the main power of the fictional character Piper Halliwell. Molecular immobilization is the ability to slow down molecules to the point where they stop, causing whatever is targeted (living or not) to "freeze" for a time and be unable to move.
Molecular imprinted polymer A molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) is a polymer that was formed in the presence of a molecule that is extracted afterwards, thus leaving complementary cavities behind. These polymers show a certain chemical affinity for the original molecule and can be used to fabricate sensors, catalysis or for separation methods.
Molecular imprinting In chemistry, molecular imprinting is a technique to create template-shaped cavities in polymer matrices with memory of the template molecules. This technique is based on the system used by enzymes for substrate recognition, which is called the "lock and key" model.
Molecular knot In chemistry, a molecular knot (knotane) is a mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures that analogous to a macroscopic knot. A molecular knot in a trefoil knot configuration is chiral, having at least two enantiomers.
Molecular Koch's postulates Molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that must be satisfied to show that a gene found in a pathogenic microorganism encodes a product that contributes to the disease caused by the pathogen. Genes that satisfy molecular Koch's postulates are often referred to as virulence factors.
Molecular laser isotope separation Molecular laser isotope separation (MLIS) is a method of isotope separation, where specially tuned lasers are used to separate isotopes of uranium using selective ionization of hyperfine transitions of uranium hexafluoride molecules. It is similar to AVLIS.
Molecular magnet Molecular magnets are systems where a permanent magnetization and magnetic hysteresis can be achieved (although usually at extremely low temperatures) not through a three-dimensional magnetic ordering, but as a purely one-molecule phenomenon.
Molecular mass The molecular mass (abbreviated Mr) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). Due to this relativity, the molecular mass of a substance is commonly referred to as the relative molecular mass, and abbreviated to Mr.
Molecular mimicry Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon associated with some pathogens, where the antigens evoking an immune response have enough similarity to the body's own proteins to cause an autoimmune reaction, such as in rheumatoid arthritis, mediated by "cross reactive" T cells and/or circulating antibodies.
Molecular model A molecular model, in this article, is a physical model that represents molecules and their processes. The creation of mathematical models of molecular properties and behaviour is molecular modelling, and their graphical depiction is molecular graphics, but these topics are closely linked and each uses techniques from the others.
Molecular modelling Molecular modelling is a collective term that refers to theoretical methods and computational techniques to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules. The techniques are used in the fields of computational chemistry, computational biology and materials science for studying molecular systems ranging from small chemical systems to large biological molecules and material assemblies.
Molecular modification Molecular modification is chemical alteration of known and previously characterized lead compound for the purpose of enhancing its usefulness as a drug. This could mean enhancing its specificity for a particular body target site, increasing its potency, improving its rate and extent of absorption, modifying to advantage its time course in the body, reducing its toxicity, changing its physical or chemical properties (like solubility) to provide desired features.
Molecular motors Molecular motors are biological "nanomachines" that are the essential agents of movement in living organisms. Generally speaking, a motor may be defined as a device that consumes energy in one form and converts it into motion or mechanical work; for example, many protein-based molecular motors harness the chemical free energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP in order to perform mechanical work .
Molecular nanotechnology Molecular nanotechnology (MNT) is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scaleAn equivalent definition would be "machines at the molecular scale designed and built atom-by-atom". This is distinct from nanoscale materials.
Molecular orbital theory In chemistry, molecular orbital theory (MO theory) is a method for determining molecular structure in which electrons are not assigned to individual bonds between atoms, but are treated as moving under the influence of the nuclei in the whole molecule. In this theory, each molecule has a set of molecular orbitals, in which it is assumed that the molecular orbital wave function ψf may be written as a simple weighted sum of the constituent atomic orbitals χi, according to the following equation:
Molecular phylogeny Molecular phylogeny is the use of the structure of molecules to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a so-called phylogenetic tree.
Molecular physics Molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules and of the chemical bonds between atoms that bind them into molecules. Its most important experimental techniques are the various types of spectroscopy.
Molecular recognition In chemistry, a molecular recognition event is one in which a host molecule is able to form a complex with a second molecule, the guest. This process occurs through non-covalent chemical bonds including hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, ionic interaction, or other interactions between the two molecules.
Molecular structure of Nucleic Acids The Molecular structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid was an article published by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in the scientific journal Nature in its 171th volume on page 737-738 (dated April 25, 1953).
Molecular systematics Molecular systematics is a phrase used to indicate a branch of the traditional field of systematics that utilizes molecular biology techniques. The evolutionary relationships of organisms are studied using their DNA, RNA and protein sequences to establish their systematic positions.
Molecular Static Molecular Static is a fictional magic ability in the WB television show Charmed. It is the power to speed up molecules inside a being or object so that they effectively electrically explode into scattered static pieces.
Molecular tweezer Molecular tweezers are chemical compounds with a special molecular geometry that permits them to contain a guest molecule between two arms. Molecular tweezers are based on a rigid molecular scaffold because any flexibility will cause the molecule to lose its grip.
Molecular vibration A molecular vibration occurs in a molecule when it absorbs quanta of light. In general, a molecule with N atoms has 3N-6 normal modes of vibration; for the special case of linear molecules, there are 3N-5 normal modes of vibration.
Molecular weight size marker A molecular weight size marker is used to identify the approximate size of a molecule run on a gel electrophoresis. This marker can be composed either of different proteins of known size, used in a Western Blot, or can be a nucleic acid that has been digested with a restriction enzyme into fragments of known size.
Molecularity Molecularity in chemistry is the number of colliding molecular entities that are involved in a single reaction step.IUPAC Gold Book definition of molecularity While the order] of a reaction is derived experimentally, the molecularity is a theoretical concept and can only be applied to [[elementary reactions.

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