Encyclopedia

Monodactylidae The Monodactylidae is a family of fish within the Perciformes commonly referred to as monos, moonyfishes or fingerfishes. All are strongly laterally compressed with an approximately disc-shaped body and tall anal and dorsal fins.
Monodentate A monodentate ligand is a ligand which forms only one bond with the central atom, usually a metal ion. A monodentate ligand is also sometimes called a "unidentate ligand" from the root words meaning "one tooth".
Monodromy In mathematics, monodromy is the study of how objects from mathematical analysis, algebraic topology and differential geometry behave as they 'run round' a singularity. As the name implies, monodromy's fundamental meaning comes from 'running round singly'.
Monodromy matrix In mathematics, and particularly ordinary differential equations, a monodromy matrix is the inverse of the fundamental matrix of a system of ODEs evaluated at zero times the fundamental matrix evaluated at the period of the coefficients of the system.
Monody In poetry, the term monody has become specialized to refer to a poem in which one person laments another's death. (In the context of ancient Greek literature, monody, could simply refer to lyric poetry sung by a single performer, rather than by a chorus.
Monofloral honey Monofloral honey is a type of honey which has a high value in the marketplace because it has a distinctive flavor or other attribute due to its being predominantly from the nectar of one plant species. While all honeys have some medicinal value, manuka honey from New Zealand has been shown to have higher antibacterial activity than other tested honeys.
Monogamy Monogamy is the custom or condition of having only one mate during a period of time. The word monogamy comes from the Greek word monos, which means one or alone, and the Greek word gamos, which means marriage or union.
Monogastric A monogastric organism has a simple single chambered stomach, and is the alternate gastric complex to a four-chambered complex stomach known as a ruminant. Examples of monogastric animals include rabbits, humans, and pigs.
Monogatari Monogatari(物語) is a literary form in Japanese literature, which is almost always fictional even when retelling a historical event, an extended prose narrative tale comparable to the epic. Many of the great works of Japanese fiction, such as The Tale of Genji and the Heike monogatari ("The Tale of the Heike") are in the monogatari form.
Monoglottism Monoglottism (Greek monos, "alone, solitary", + glotta, "tongue, language") or, more commonly, monolingualism or unilingualism is the condition of being able to speak only a single language. Persons living in the United States, France and the United Kingdom are commonly stereotyped as monoglots.
Monognathus Monognathus is the only genus of the family Monognathidae of deep sea eel-like fishes. The name comes from the Greek monos meaning one and gnathos meaning jaw; a reference to the large mouth in comparison with the rest of the fish, and also the absence of an upper jaw (maxilla and premaxilla bones are absent).
Monografia A Monografia é um trabalho de pesquisa desenvolvido no último ano do bacharelado de diversos cursos de ensino superior no Brasil. É supervisionado por um professor e visa a especialização em uma determinada área dentro da formação do curso.
Monografia Descritiva Regional Monografia Descritiva Regional (Portuguese meaning Regional Descriptive Monography, Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: Monugradia Diskritiva (or Diskritiba) Rijional, SĂŁo Vicente Crioulo: Monografia D'skritiva Rigional) is a Capeverdean prose published in 1932 by Manuel Lopes.
Monogram Pictures Monogram Pictures Corporation was a Hollywood studio that produced and released films, most on low budgets, between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists. Monogram is considered a leader among the smaller studios sometimes referred to collectively as Poverty Row.
Monograph series of PHISPC The Monograph series of PHISPC (Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture) has 20 planned volumes on different aspects of science, philosophy, and the arts. Thirteen of these volumes have already appeared:
Monographia Chalciditum Monographia Chalciditum by Francis Walker published in two volumes in 1839 was a founding work of entomology, introducing new genera of chalcidoid Hymenoptera later to be ranked as families. The work is a compilation of descriptions published in the Entomological Magazine.
Monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave In general reltivity, the monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave spacetime is the analog of the monochromatic plane waves known from Maxwell's theory. The precise definition of the solution is a bit complicated, but very instructive.
Monochromator A monochromator is an optical device that transmits a mechanically selectable narrow band of wavelengths of light chosen from a wider range of wavelengths available at the input. The name is from the Greek roots mono-, single, and chroma, colour, and the Latin suffix -ator, denoting an agent.
Monochrome Monochrome comes from the two Greek words mono (μωνο, meaning "one"), and chroma (χρωμα, meaning "surface" or "the color of the skin"). A monochromatic object has a single color.
Monochrome BBS Monochrome BBS, known to users as "Mono", is a text-based multi-user bulletin board system featuring thousands of discussion files, along with games, instant and deferred user messaging, and a talker.
Monoicous The general meaning of monoecious or monoicous, monocous (from Greek: mono, single, oikos, house) is having male and female reproductive organs in the same plant or animal, as opposed to dioecious or diocious (Greek: dia (diairo: "divide") + oikos, "house").
Monoimus Monoimus (lived somewhere between 150 - 210) was an Arab gnostic (Arabic name probably Mun'im منعم), who was known only from one account in Theodoret (Haereticarum Fabularum Compendium i. 18) until a lost work of anti-heretical writings (Refutation of All Heresies, book 8, chapter V) by Hippolytus was found.
Monoisotopic mass The monoisotopic mass is the sum of the masses of the atoms in a molecule using the unbound, ground- state, rest mass of a single selected isotope for each element instead of the isotopic average mass. The rules for determining which isotope should be selected for an element are not well defined.
Monokklisia Monokklisia is one of the villages constituting the municipality of Capetan Mitrousi in the prefecture of Serres. It’s the smaller among the other villages but well known around Greece in favor of its unique custom ‘Gynaikokratia’.
Monokote Monokote is a commercially available light weight plastic shrink wrap film available in various color schemes with an adhesive on one side, used to cover and form the surfaces of a model aircraft. The material is cut to size and applied to the aircraft surfaces using a hobby iron or heat gun.
Monolatrism Monolatrism or monolatry (Greek μόνος(monos) = single and λατρεία(latria) = worship) is a form of theology where adherents believe in the existence of multiple deities but worship only one. In contrast to monotheists, monolatrists accept the existence of other gods.
Monolingual learner's dictionary Monolingual learner's dictionaries are written for learners of a foreign language. Most such dictionaries are aimed at advanced learners, but in language there are ones for elementary and intermediate users too.
Monolith A monolith is a geological feature such as a mountain, consisting of a single massive stone or rock, or a single piece of rock placed as, or within, a monument. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are most often made of very hard and solid metamorphic rock.
Monolith (band) Monolith, a 4 piece Dirty Rock band hailing from Stourbridge, UK. Consisting of Steven Gough on vocals and rhythm guitar, Joel Wooldridge on lead guitar and backing vocals, Stuart Adams on Drums, and Daniel Evans on bass guitar.
Monolith (comics) The Monolith is a DC Comics comic book series whose title character is a superheroic golem. The Monolith is guided in his actions by Alice Cohen, a recovering drug addict whose grandmother was one of those responsible for the Monolith's creation in the 1930s.
Monolith (computer program) Monolith is a simple software tool to distribute copyrighted data without theoretically committing any copyright infringement. As the current legality of distribution of copyrighted works is quite ambiguous, the ideas presented and implemented by Monolith purport to further "[muddy] the waters of the digital copyright debate.
Monolith Soft Monolith Soft or MLSI is an entertainment company (not to be confused with Monolith Productions) in Japan, specializing in creating video games for various consoles like the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo DS and cellphones. Monolith Soft is usually associated with the Xenosaga series, a series of role-playing games on the PS2 console.
Monolithe Monolithe is a French funeral doom metal band, sometimes compared to Shape of Despair. Formed in 2001, it is a solo project of Sylvain BĂ©got from the band Anthemon, using guest musicians on each of the albums.
Monolithic (band) Monolithic is a synthpop band on the A Different Drum label. Although Monolithic is categorized in the synthpop genre, the infusion of many other sub-genres of electronic music make Monolithic's music quite unique to the synthpop scene.
Monolithic application A monolithic application is one that is self contained, and usually sealed off from the rest of the computing universe it operates in. This is typical of older systems, hailing mostly from the mainframe age; the design philosophy is that the application is responsible not just for a particular task, but is responsible for managing the needs of an entire system.
Monolithic Application Monolithic Application is the SOA terminology for describing an application that is fine grained as opposed to coarse grained. In other words, there is no clear separation across the functionality boundaries (modules) that make up this type of application.
Monolithic dome A monolithic dome (from Greek mono- and -lithic, meaning "one stone") is a structure cast in one piece over a form, usually of concrete or similar structural material. Dome Technology, in Idaho Falls, Idaho, and the Monolithic Dome Institute, in Italy, Texas, are the primary sources of monolithic dome information and training.
Monolithic church A monolithic church or rock-hewn church is a church made from a single block of stone. They are usually hewn into the ground or into the side of a hill or mountain and can be of comparable architectural complexity to constructed buildings.
Monolithic kernel A monolithic kernel is a kernel architecture where the entire kernel is run in kernel space in supervisor mode. In common with other architectures (microkernel, hybrid kernels), the kernel defines a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware, with a set of primitives or system calls to implement operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management in one or more modules.
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit MMICs, or Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits, are integrated circuit (IC) devices that operate at microwave frequencies (1 GHz to 300 GHz). They typically perform functions such as microwave mixing, power amplification, low noise amplification and high frequency solid state switch.
Monomakh's Cap Monomakh's Cap (Шапка Мономаха in Russian) is one of the symbols of Russian autocracy, currently exhibited at the Kremlin Armoury. It was the crown of all Muscovite grand princes and tsars from Dmitri Donskoi to Peter the Great.
Monomania In psychiatry, monomania (from Greek monos, one, and mania, mania) is a type of paranoia in which the patient has only one idea or type of ideas. Emotional monomania is that in which the patient is obsessed with only one emotion or several related to it; intellectual monomania is that which is related to only one kind of delirious idea or ideas.
Monome Monome is a small Philadelphia-based hardware company that makes controllers for electronic music performance and new media art. Their first product, 40h, is an eight-by-eight grid of backlit buttons, which connects to a PC using a USB cable and the OpenSound Control protocol.
Monomelic amyotrophy Monomelic amyotrophy (also known as MMA, Hirayama's disease, Sobue disease or Juvenile nonprogressive amyotrophy) is an untreatable, focal, lower motor neuron disease that primarily affects young (15 - 25 year-old) males in India and Japan. MMA is marked by insidious onset of muscular atrophy, which stabilizes at a plateau after two to five years from which it neither improves nor worsens.
Monomial In mathematics, a monomial (or mononomial) is a particular kind of polynomial, having just one term. Given a natural number n and a variable x, the power function defined by the rule f(x)=xn is therefore a monomial.
Monomial basis In mathematics a monomial basis is a way to uniquely describe a polynomial using a linear combination of monomials. This description, the monomial form of a polynomial, is often used because of the simple structure of the monomial basis.
Monomial representation In mathematics, a linear representation ρ of a group G is a monomial representation if there is a subgroup H and a one-dimensional linear representation σ of H, such that ρ is equivalent to the induced representation
Monommatinae Monommatinae is a subfamily (or sometimes only considered a tribe) of beetles with no vernacular common name, though recent authors have coined the name opossum beetles. They have been treated historically as a family (sometimes spelled Monommidae), but have recently been placed into the Zopheridae.
Monomyth The monomyth (often referred to as the hero's journey) is a description of a basic pattern found in many myths from around the world. This universal pattern was described by Joseph Campbell in his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949).
MonoMetro MonoMetro is a company formed to promote a suspended narrow gauge rail system. Its main activity has been to promote this as an answer to London's congestion problems, but interest has also been shown in the system by other cities like New Delhi.
Monon Bell The Monon Bell (pronounced MOE-non) is the trophy awarded to the victor of the annual college football matchup between the DePauw University Tigers (in Greencastle, Indiana) and the Wabash College Little Giants (in Crawfordsville, Indiana) in the United States. The Bell is a 300-pound locomotive bell from the Monon Railroad.
Monon Railroad The Monon Railroad (AAR reporting marks CIL, MON), also known as the Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville Railway from 1897-1956, operated almost entirely within the state of Indiana. The Monon was merged into the Louisville and Nashville Railroad in 1971, and much of the former Monon right of way is operated today by CSX Transportation.
Monongah Mining disaster The Monongah Mine disaster of Monongah, West Virginia took place on December 6, 1907 and has been described as "the worst mining disaster in American History". The explosion was thought to have been caused by the ignition of methane (also called "black damp"), which ignited the coal dust in mines number 6 and 8.
Monongahela Connecting Railroad The Monongahela Connecting Railroad or Mon Conn is a small industrial railroad in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was a subsidiary of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company and a large portion of its work was for its parent company, though it also served other industries along the line.
Monongahela Incline Pittsburgh's expanding industrial base in 1860 created a huge demand for labor, attracting mainly German immigrants to the region. This created a serious housing shortage as industry occupied most of the flat lands adjacent to the river, leaving only the steep, surrounding hillsides of Mt.
Monongahela National Forest The Monongahela National Forest is a national forest located in eastern West Virginia, within the portion of the Allegheny Mountains that includes the Allegheny Front and the western portion of the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians. It includes most of the highest elevations in the state, including Spruce Knob (elevation 4,863 feet), the highest point in West Virginia, along with several wilderness and special-use areas.
Monongahela Railway The Monongahela Railway was a coal-hauling short line railroad in Pennsylvania and West Virginia in the United States. It was jointly controlled by the Pennsylvania Railroad and New York Central subsidiary Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad, and subsequently by their joint successor Penn Central Transportation.
Monongahela River The Monongahela River (pronounced , also known as The Mon) is a river on the Allegheny Plateau in West Virginia and Pennsylvania in the United States. At Pittsburgh, it meets the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River.
Monongahela tribe The Monongahela tribe of Native Americans is believed to be descended from the earliest group of human inhabitants of Western Pennsylvania. Archaeologists believe these people to be immigrants from Asia who walked across the land bridge from Siberia to Alaska.
Mononobe clan The was a Japanese clan of the Yamato period, which is known for its military opposition to the Soga clan. The Mononobe were opposed to the spread of Buddhism, not on religious grounds, but more so as the result of feelings of nationalism and a degree of xenophobia.
Monophony In music, monophony is the simplest of textures, consisting of melody without accompaning harmony. This may be realized as just one note at a time, or with the same note duplicated at the octave (such as often when men and women sing together).
Monophthong A monophthong (Greek μονόφθογγος, "monophthongos" = single note) is a "pure" vowel sound, one whose articulation at both beginning and end is relatively fixed, and which does not glide up or down towards a new position of articulation; compare diphthong.
Monophyly In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: "of one race") if it consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants. A taxonomic group that contains organisms but not their common ancestor is called polyphyletic, and a group that contains some but not all descendants of the most recent common ancestor is called paraphyletic.
Monophysitism Monophysitism (from the Greek monos meaning 'one, alone' and physis meaning 'nature') is the christological position that Christ has only one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian position which holds that Christ has two natures, one divine and one human. There are two major doctrines that can undisputedly be called monophysite ():
Monoplacophora Monoplacophora is a class of mollusks thought to be extinct until April 1952, when a living animal was dredged up from deep marine sediments in the Middle America Trench off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, and named Neopilina by its discoverer, Danish biologist Dr. Henning Lemche "New Pilina": Pilina was a monoplacophore that lived during Silurian times.
Monopod A monopod, also called a unipod, is a pole used to help support cameras (or, less frequently, binoculars). It allows a still camera to be held steadier, allowing the photographer to take sharp pictures at slower shutter speeds, and/or with longer focal length lenses.
Monopod (creature) Monopods (also skiapods, skiapodes, Monocoli) are dwarfs or dwarf-like creatures with a single, large foot extending from one thick leg centered in the middle of their body. The name Sciapodes is derived from σκιαποδες - 'shadow foots' in Greek, monocoli from μονοκωλοι - 'one legged' in Greek.
Monopole (mathematics) In mathematics, a monopole is a connection over a principal bundle G with a section (the Higgs field) of the associated adjoint bundle. The connection and Higgs field should satisfy the Bogomolnyi equation and be of finite action.
Monopole antenna A monopole antenna is a type of radio antenna formed by replacing one half of a dipole antenna with a ground plane at right-angles to the remaining half. If the ground plane is large enough, the monopole behaves exactly like a dipole, as if its reflection in the ground plane formed the missing half of the dipole.
Monopoli (band) Monopoli is an indie rock band from Washington, DC, founded in 2004 by Alfonso Velez and Rube in the heart of the capitol city’s U Street Corridor. In addition to touring, Monopoli has played at nationally known D.
Monopolistic competition Monopolistic competition is a common market form. Many markets can be considered as monopolistically competitive, often including the markets for restaurants, books, clothing, films and service industries in large cities.
Monopoly In economics, a monopoly (from the Latin word monopolium - Greek language monos, one + polein, to sell) is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a product or service. Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition for the good or service that they provide and a lack of viable substitute goods.
Monopoly (game) Monopoly is the best-selling commercial board game in the world. Players compete to acquire wealth through stylised economic activity involving the buying, rental and trading of properties using play money, as players take turns moving around the board according to the roll of the dice.
Monopoly Game (Toshiko Akiyoshi Jazz Orchestra) Monopoly Game is the sixth recording released by the Toshiko Akiyoshi Jazz Orchestra featuring Lew Tabackin. The three tracks, "Kyoto Paradox", Caribbean Dream" and "Urban Rhapsody" make up the three part "Suite for Koto and Jazz Orchestra" commissioned jointly by the San Francisco Jazz Festival and UCLA.
Monopoly Junior Monopoly Junior is a simplified version of the board game Monopoly, aimed for young children. It has a smaller, rectangular board and instead of being based on street names it is based on a fun-fair, to make it more child-friendly.
Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force The monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force designates an essential attribute of the state's sovereignty. As a political concept, it was formalized by the sociologist Max Weber in his 1918 speech Politik als Beruf (Politics as a Vocation), but has since then entered common use in political theory.
Monopoly profit In economics, a firm is said to reap monopoly profits when a lack of viable market competition allows it to set its prices above the equilibrium price for a good or service without losing profits to competitors. Monopoly profit is a type of economic profit, that is, it is a profit greater than the normal profit that is typical in a perfectly competitive industry.
Monopoly Pub Crawl A Monopoly Pub Crawl is a pub crawl involving visiting public houses on each of the streets of a city which appear on that city's version of the Monopoly Board. This is classically done in London following the British version of the game, but could just as easily be applied to anywhere else having a dedicated Monopoly Board.
Monopoly: The Card Game Monopoly: The Card Game is a shortened version of its board-game predecessor, Monopoly. The idea of the game is to draw and trade cards and organize them into "color-groups" and any number of bonus cards.
Monoporeia affinis Monoporeia affinis, less frequently referred to as Pontoporeia affinis (Greek: pontos = sea, poreia = to travel), is a small, yellowish benthic amphipod common in the Baltic Sea, measuring ca. 1 cm in length when fully grown.
Monoprinting Monoprinting (not to be confused with monotyping) is a print that has images or lines that cannot exactly be reproduced. Monoprints are embellished primarily by altering the type, color, and pressure of the ink used to create different prints.
Monopropellant Monopropellants are rocket propellants (usually liquid) that can be used by themselves, without the need for a second component. These can either be a single chemical that can be made to decompose exothermically, or a mixture of chemicals (generally a fuel and an oxidizer) that can be made to react with one another and release energy.
Monopropellant rocket A monopropellant rocket (or "monoprop rocket") is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its power source and propellant. Usually the propellant is admitted to a reaction chamber that contains a silver or platinum sponge catalyst.
Monopsony In economics, a monopsony is a market form with only one buyer, called "monopsonist," facing many sellers. It is an instance of imperfect competition, symmetrical to the case of a monopoly, in which there is only one seller facing many buyers.
Monopulse radar Monopulse radar is an adaptation of conical scanning radar which sends additional information in the radar signal in order to avoid problems caused by rapid changes in signal strength. The system also makes jamming more difficult.
Monorail The term monorail or industrial monorail is used to describe any number of systems in which a chair or carrier is suspended from, or rides on, an overhead rail structure for the limited transportation of goods, passengers or workers.
Monorail history The term monorail or industrial monorail is used to describe any number of transport systems in which a chair or carrier is suspended from, or rides on, an overhead rail structure. Unlike the well-known duo-rail system, there are many rail-guided transport options which have been described as monorails, so that tracing the history presents a demarcation problem regarding what should be included and what should be omitted.
Monorail Suspension Bridge Monorail Suspension Bridge is one of the many bridges in Putrajaya, Malaysia. It was built to link several important landmarks in the Putrajaya area like the Putrajaya Convention Centre, Putra Mosque and the Government Administrative Complex in Parcel E.
Monorails in Malaysia After the success of Kuala Lumpur Monorail, there have been numerous proposal laid out to increase the users of public transports and to ease the congestion of traffic. Monorails have been chosen as a more popular mode of public transport as supposed to light rail for its quietness, easy to construct, cheap, and non-obstructiveness
Monosodium glutamate Monosodium glutamate, sodium glutamate, flavour enhancer 621, EU food additive code: E621, HS code: 29224220 (IUPAC names: 2-aminopentanedioic acid, 2-aminoglutaric acid, 1-aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid), commonly known as MSG, Ajinomoto or Vetsin, is a sodium salt of glutamic acid. MSG is a food additive, popularly marketed as a "flavour enhancer".
Monosomy 9p Monosomy 9p (also known as Alfi's Syndrome or 9P-) is a rare chromosomal disorder in which there is deletion (monosomy) of a portion of chromosome 9. Symptoms include microgenitalia, mental retardation with microcephaly and dysmorphic features.
Monospecificity In zoology, "monospecific" is an adjective describing a genus which contains only one known species. The term comes from the Greek prefix "μονο-" meaning "single" and Latin "species" meaning "kind" or "type".
Monosploidal Fractal Theory Monosploidal Fractal Theory, a geometric theory dealing specifically with fractals and developed in 1979 by MIT mathematician Ike Foursythe to mathematically explain the properties of spatial areas called “sploids”
Monostatic radar Monostatic radar is the term given to a radar in which the transmitter and receiver are collocated. This is the conventional configuration for a radar, but the term is used to distinguish it from a bistatic radar or multistatic radar.
Monosyllabic language A monosyllabic language is a language in which words predominantly consist of a single syllable. In a monosyllabic language, it is rarely the case that all words are monosyllabic; it is normally just the case that most words are.
Monotheism In theology, monotheism (Greek μόνος(monos) = single and θεός(theos) = God) is the belief in the existence of one deity or God, or in the oneness of God. In Western context, the concept of "monotheism" tends to be dominated by the concept of the God of the Abrahamic religions and the Platonic concept of God as put forward by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite.
Monothelitism Monothelitism (a Greek loanword meaning "one will") is a particular teaching about how the divine and human relate in the person of Jesus, known as a Christological doctrine. Specifically, Monothelitism teaches that Jesus Christ had two natures but only one will.
Monothematic delusion A monothematic delusion is a delusional state that only concerns one particular topic. This is contrasted by what is sometimes called multi-thematic or polythematic delusions where the person has a range of delusions (typically the case of schizophrenia).
Monotimbral From the root prefix mono meaning one, and timbre meaning a specific tone of a sound independent of its pitch, monotimbral is usually used in reference to electronic synthesisers which can produce a single timbre at a given pitch upon pressing a single (if the synth is monophonic) or multiple keys (if the synth is polyphonic).
Monotone likelihood ratio property Monotone likelihood ratio property is a set of probability density functions, or PDFs, assumed in theoretical models to characterize risks and uncertanty, which makes more conclusions feasible and often plausible.

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