Encyclopedia

Motif (literature) In literature, a motif or motive is a recurring element that has symbolic significance in the story. Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes.
Motif (music) In music, a motif is a perceivable or salient recurring fragment or succession of notes that may be used to construct the entirety or parts of complete melodies and themes. A motif is distinguished from a figure in that a motif is foreground while a figure is background: "A figure resembles a moulding in architecture: it is 'open at both ends', so as to be endlessly repeatable.
Motif (widget toolkit) Motif (or capitalized MOTIF) is a graphical widget toolkit for building graphical user interfaces under the X Window System on Unix and other POSIX-compliant systems. It emerged in the 1980s as UNIX workstations were on the rise, as a competitor to the OpenLook GUI.
Motif of harmful sensation The motif of harmful sensation refers to the physical or mental damage that a person suffers merely by experiencing what should normally be a benign sensation. The phenomenon appears in both traditional and modern stories.
Motijheel Motijheel (Bangla: মতিঝিল) is the principal commercial district of Dhaka city, capital of Bangladesh. It is situated at the heart of the city (the General Post Office is considered the zero point of Dhaka).
Motikan Motikan is a Kurdish clan inhabiting geographical areas that the indigenous tribes of the region consider the Mutki region of Bitlis in Northern Kurdistan or southeast Turkey, as well as the Mutki region of Serhat in Northern Kurdistan. The Motikan are also referred to as the Motti, Mutki or Motiki.
Motilal Seal Motilal Seal (also spelt Mati Lal Sheel, Mutty Lal Seal or Moti Sil) (Bengali:মতিলাল শীল) (1792 - 29 May 1858) was a Bengali Indian businessman and philanthropist. He was born in the Kalutola neighborhood of Calcutta (now Kolkata) in British India.
Motile (record label) Motile is a UK-based independent record label, started in 2004, dedicated to the release of albums that combine improvisation, experimentation and/or other approaches to explore new musical territories. It is part of the Chameleon Lectra arts forum.
Motion (democracy) A motion is a formal step to introduce a matter for consideration by a group. It is a common concept in parliamentary procedure and in the procedure of trade unions, students' unions, corporations, and other deliberative assemblies.
Motion (legal) A legal motion is a procedural device in law to bring a limited, contested matter before a court for decision. A motion may be thought of as a request to the judge (or judges) to make a decision about the case.
Motion (physics) In physics, motion means a continuous change in the position of a body relative to a reference point, as measured by a particular observer in a particular frame of reference. Until the end of the 19th century, Isaac Newton's laws of motion, which he posited as axioms or postulates in his famous Principia, were the basis of what has since become known as classical physics.
Motion aftereffect The motion aftereffect (MAE) -is a visual illusion perceived after watching a moving visual stimulus for about a minute and then looking at stationary stimulus. The stationary stimulus appears to move slightly for about 15 seconds, opposite to the direction of the original (physically moving) stimulus.
Motion analysis Researchers, engineers, and technicians have come to rely on video cameras as non-invasive testing devices. In industrial, scientific, clinical, and academic environments, video cameras provide a method of evaluating motion and performance from a distance, without interference from sensors.
Motion and gesture file format With the development of gesture controllers, haptic systems, motion capture systems, etc, on the one hand, and with the need of allowing virtual reality systems to inter-communicate through control data, the question of gesture and motion takes more and more importance.
Motion camouflage Motion camouflage is a dynamic type of camouflage by which an object can approach a target while appearing to remain stationary from the perspective of the target. The attacking object simply remains on the line between the target and some landmark point, so it seems to stay near the landmark point from the target's perspective.
Motion compensator A motion compensator is a device that decreases the negative impact of the relative movement of two objects on the connection between these objects. In general a motion compensator is built in the connection between a floating object and the connection to the seabottom.
Motion control Motion control is a sub-field of automation, in which the position and/or velocity of machines are controlled using some type of device such as a hydraulic pump, linear actuator, or an electric motor, generally a servo. Motion control is an important part of robotics and CNC machine tools, however it is more complex than in the use of specialized machines, where the kinematics are usually simpler.
Motion control photography Motion control photography is a special effects technique used in film that creates the illusion of size from small models by moving a small camera by the model at very slow speeds. It was first widely used in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, which led to that movie's groundbreaking visuals, and has since become a standard technique for almost all films.
Motion for more definite statement A motion for more definite statement in United States federal law is defined by Rule 12(e) of The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure as a means of obtaining a more detailed motion from the opposing party in a civil case before interposing a responsive pleading. The presiding judge will respond either by granting the motion or striking it from the record if it is found to be without legal merit.
Motion graphic Motion graphics are graphics that uses video and/or animation technology to create the illusion of motion or a transforming appearance. These motion graphics are usually combined with audio for use in multimedia projects.
Motion graphic design Motion graphic design is the art of graphic design within the context of motion graphics such as film, video or computer animation. Examples include the typography and graphics you see as the titles for a film, or the spinning, three-dimensional logo at the end of a TV commercial.
Motion Mountain Motion Mountain is a free physics textbook on the internet. The project aims to produce "a simple, vivid and up-to-date introduction to modern physics, with emphasis on the fundamental ideas of motion".
Motion of Confidence A Motion of Confidence is a motion of support proposed by a government in a parliament or other assembly of elected representatives to give members of parliament (or other such assembly) a chance to register their confidence in a government. The motion is passed or rejected by means of a parliamentary vote (a Vote of Confidence).
Motion of no confidence A motion of no confidence, also called a motion of non-confidence, a censure motion, a no-confidence motion, or simply a confidence motion, is a parliamentary motion traditionally put before a parliament by the opposition in the hope of defeating or embarrassing a government. On rare occasions, it may also be put on the parliamentary order paper by an erstwhile supporter who has lost confidence in the government.
Motion offense A motion offense is a category of offensive scheme used in basketball. Motion offenses utilize player movement, often as a strategy to exploit quickness of the offensive team or to neutralize a size advantage of the defense.
Motion perception Motion perception is the process of inferring the speed and direction of objects that move in a visual scene given some visual input. While this process appears straightforward to most observers, it has proven to be a hard problem from a computational perspective, and extraordinarily difficult to explain in terms of neural processing.
Motion picture rating system A motion picture rating system categorizes films with regard to suitability for children and/or adults in terms of issues such as sex, violence and profanity. A particular issued rating is called a certification.
Motion picture terminology The film industry is built upon a large number of technologies and techniques, drawing upon photography, stagecraft, music, and many other disciplines. Following is an index of specific terminology applicable thereto.
Motion platform A motion platform is a type of amusement ride with a seating platform remaining parallel to the ground while being moved in a circular motion along a vertical plane. Motion platforms found in a traveling carnival include the "Yellow Submarine.
Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital The Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital is a motion picture and television industry complex complete with a retirement community, with individual cottages, and a fully licensed, acute-care hospital, located at 23388 Mulholland Drive in Woodland Hills, California.
Motion Picture Association of America The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), originally called the Motion Pictures Producers and Distributors Association, is a non-profit trade association based in the United States which was formed to advance the interests of movie studios. Its members consist of the "big six" major Hollywood studios: Buena Vista (The Walt Disney Company), Sony Pictures, Paramount Pictures (Viacom -- which bought DreamWorks in February 2006), 20th Century Fox (News Corporation), Universal Studios (NBC Universal), and Warner Bros.
Motion Picture Association of America film rating system Motion Picture Association of America film rating system is a system used in the United States and territories and instituted by the Motion Picture Association of America to rate a movie based on its suitability for certain audiences. It is one of various motion picture rating systems used to help patrons decide which movies may be appropriate for children and/or adolescents.
Motion Picture Editors Guild The Motion Picture Editors Guild (MPEG) is the guild that represents freelance and staff motion picture film and television editors and other post-production professionals and story analysts throughout the United States. The Motion Picture Editors Guild (Union Local 700) is a part of the 500 affiliated local unions of IATSE (International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees), a national labor organization with a nearly 65-year history of bargaining for better wages and working conditions for its 104,000-plus members.
Motion Picture Funnies Weekly Motion Picture Funnies Weekly is an unpublished, 36-page, black-and-white comic book series created in 1939, and designed to be a promotional giveaway in movie theaters. While the idea proved unsuccessful, and only a handful of sample copies of issue #1 were printed, the periodical is historically important for introducing the enduring Marvel Comics character Namor the Sub-Mariner, created by writer-artist Bill Everett.
Motion simulator A motion simulator is a mechanism that encapsulates riders and creates the effect/feelings of being in a moving object. One example would be a theme park ride which simulates flying by using a projection screen in front of the seats you ride in.
Motion Sickness Motion Sickness: Live Recordings is a live album by Bright Eyes. Documenting the I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning tours from the first half of 2005, Motion Sickness is a compilation of live tracks, including covers of Feist and Elliott Smith.
Motion to compel A motion to compel asks the court to order either the opposing party or a third party to take some action. This sort of motion most commonly deals with discovery disputes, when a party who has propounded discovery to either the opposing party or a third party believes that the discovery responses are insufficient.
Motion to set aside judgment In law, a motion to set aside judgment is an application to overturn or set aside a court's judgment, verdict or other final ruling in a case. Such a motion is proposed by a party who is dissatisfied with the end result of a case.
Motion to strike A motion to strike is a motion in a trial introduced or inacted by one party to request a judge's order to remove, eliminate or make immaterial certain or entire portion of the opponents' legal compliant or replies in the trial. This can be either be oral or written but is done only for certain reasons.
Motion Trio Motion Trio is an accordion trio founded in 1996 by Janusz Wojtarowicz. The group has worked with such artists as Bobby McFerrin and Michał Urbaniak, and won such prizes as the grand prix 4th Edition of the Krzysztof Penderecki International Contemporary Chamber Music Competition.
Motional Feedback Motional Feedback (MFB) was a speaker system developed in the early 1970s by Philips. It introduced a feedback system to the woofers of HiFi loudspeakers, enabling them to achieve a more extended low frequency response in a relatively small enclosure.
MotionDSP MotionDSP is a video compression technology originally designed for military applications. It improves quality of low resolution videos by comparing multiple frames in a video to find and replace lost pixels in any other frame.
Motionless Electrical Generator The Motionless Electromagnetic Generator (MEG) is a proposed device which is most notable for claims of over-unity operation, a feat considered in violation of the second law of thermodynamics by academia. Allegedly, the device can sustain it's operation in addition to powering a load without application of external electrical power, by extraction of vacuum energy from the immediate environment.
Motiva Enterprises Motiva Enterprises, LLC, is a 50-50 joint venture between Shell Oil Company (the American wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell) and Saudi Refining (a wholly owned subsidiary of Aramco Services Company, which itself is a wholly owned subsidiary of Saudi Aramco). The company is currently headquartered in Houston, Texas.
Motivation In psychology, motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behavior (Geen, 1995). Motivation is a temporal and dynamic state that should not be confused with personality or emotion.
Motivation (song) "Motivation" is the third single from the album All Killer No Filler by the Canadian pop-punk/rock band Sum 41. The song is about being self-centered, demotivated and lazy, too lazy to look for motivation to do anything.
Motivation crowding theory The Motivation crowding theory suggests that external interventions - monetary incentives or punishments - may undermine (and under different conditions strengthen) intrinsic motivation. The theoretical possibility of crowding out is widely accepted among economists.
Motivation EP Motivation EP is an EP released by Sum 41 on March 12, 2002. It was released after the launch of the single "Motivation" to the public mainly to push the popularity of their single and to include the song "What We're All About" into the discography of the band.
Motivational speaker A motivational speaker is a professional speaker, facilitator or trainers who speaks to audiences, usually for a fee. The keynote speech generally takes place either at the beginning of the event, or the close of the event.
Motive (law) In law, especially criminal law, a motive is the cause that moves people and induce a certain action. Motive in itself is seldom an element of any given crime; however, the legal system typically allows motive to be proven in order to make plausible the accused's reasons for committing a crime, at least when those motives may be obscure or hard to identify with.
Motive power depot Motive power depot, usually abbreviated to mpd, is the name given in Britain to places where locomotives are stored when not being used. They were originally known as "running sheds" or, for short, just sheds as, for instance, "Rowsley Shed".
Motives for spying There are many suggested motives for spying that an individual may have. In general, espionage carries heavy penalties, with spies often being regarded as traitors, and so motivating factors must usually be quite large.
Motivic cohomology Motivic cohomology is a homological theory in mathematics, the existence of which was first conjectured by Grothendieck during the 1960s. At that time, it was conceived as a theory constructed on the basis of the so-called standard conjectures on algebraic cycles, in algebraic geometry.
Motivic integration Motivic Integration is a branch of algebraic geometry which has been invented by Maxim Kontsevich in 1995 and was developed by Jan Denef and François Loeser. Since its introduction it has shown to be quite useful in various branches of algebraic geometry, most notably birational geometry and singularity theory.
Motiya Chowdhury Motiya Chowdhury (Bangla: মতিয়া চৌধুরী) is a prominent Bangladeshi politician. She is currently a presidium member of Awami League, a major political party, as well as a Member of Parliament.
Motley County Independent School District Motley County Independent School District is a public school district based in Matador, Texas (USA). The district serves all of Motley County with the exception of a small portion in the north, which is served by the Turkey-Quitaque Independent School District.
Motley's Crew Motley's Crew was a comic strip by Ben Templeton and Tom Forman about a middle aged blue-collar factory worker named Mike Motley, his wife Mabel Motley, their son Truman, their daughter-in-law Tacoma, their lovely grandchildren, and his brother- and sister-in-law Abel and Buffy (who happened to be Mabel's siblings).
Moto Hagio is a female mangaka born on May 12, 1949 in Omuta City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, though she currently lives in Saitama Prefecture. She is considered a "founding mother" of modern shĹŤjo manga, especially shĹŤnen-ai.
Moto programming language Moto is an open source server-side programming language much like PHP or JSP, developed by David Hakim. The primary difference between Moto and server-side scripting languages is that Moto pages can run interpreted (like PHP) or be natively compiled into dynamically loadable Apache modules (an entire Web site could be compiled into one .
Moto Roader Moto Roader (spelled Motoroader in Europe) is a racing game developed by Hudson Soft for the TurboGrafx-16 and is also available on the Nintendo Wii's Virtual Console. The game is the first in a series which includes Moto Roader 2 and Moto Roader MC.
Motobu Choki The Okinawan karate practitioner was born in Akahira village of Shuri, Okinawa. His father, Lord Motobu Choshin （Motobu Aji Chōsin) was a descendent of the sixth son of the Okinawan King, Sho Shitsu (1629 - 1668), namely Sho Koshin, also known as Prince Motobu Chohei (1655 - 1687).
Motocross Motocross (often shortened to MX or MotoX) is a form of motorcycle sport or all-terrain vehicle racing held on enclosed off-road circuits. Motocross is derived from the French, and traces its origins to British Scrambling competitions.
Motocross boots Motocross boots are a variety of motorcycle boot designed specifically for off-road, motocross (MX) or all-terrain vehicle riding. To help prevent a rider's feet and legs from being injured, motocross boots are typically much more stiff than regular motorcycle boots or racing boots, but are more flexible than ski boots by comparison.
Motocross Madness 2 Motocross Madness 2 is a motocross racing computer game that was developed by Rainbow Studios and published by Microsoft Games. This sequel to Motocross Madness was released in 2000 and its most notable difference was the improved graphics, which included better textures and many landscape objects like trees, roadsigns, caravans, etc.
Motoemil Motoemil (not to be confused with companies from other countries with the same name) was a Greek truck manufacturer based in Thessaloniki. It is named after Emilios Antoniades who started his business, together with his brother Konstantinos, by constructing crude-made trucks assembled from motorcycle and automobile parts.
MotoGP 2006: Ultimate Racing Technology MotoGP 2006: Ultimate Racing Technology is the latest installment to the MotoGP video game series. The developer and publisher say that it offers better graphics and more races than have been featured in previous games.
Motoko Kusanagi is a fictional Japanese character in Masamune Shirow's Ghost in the Shell anime and manga series. She is a cyborg in the employ of "Public Security Section 9", a fictional division of the real Japanese National Public Safety Commission, as the squad leader.
Motola Motola is a 45-year old female Asian Elephant in Thailand that came to worldwide attention after being injured in 1999 by a landmine while working in a logging camp near the Burmese border. The mine mangled the animal's left front foot and leg, and the foot was amputated shortly after the accident.
Motomachi is a district of Naka Ward in Yokohama, Japan, located immediately west of Yamate and east of Chinatown. It consists mainly of the Motomachi Shopping Street, a five-block long stretch of boutiques and shops, well known in Japan for its cosmopolitan atmosphere, original fashion, and western influence.
Motomaster Motomaster is a line of automotive products sold exclusively at Canadian Tire stores. Products branded as Motomaster range from small items (such as oil filters and air filters,) to larger items, including the Motomaster line of tires.
Motomiya, Fukushima Motomiya (本宮市; -shi) is a city located in the Nakadōri, or Abukuma, part of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of December 2006, the total population of the town and village that merged to form Motomiya was 31,718 and the total area was 87.
Motoo Kimura Motoo Kimura (木村資生 Kimura Motoo) (November 13, 1924 - November 13, 1994). Born in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture, Kimura was a highly influential Japanese mathematical biologist working mostly in the field of theoretical population genetics, although he did not have any formal training in mathematics (Crow, 1996).
Motoori Norinaga Motoori Norinaga (Japanese: 本居宣長; 21 June 1730–5 November 1801) was a Japanese scholar of Kokugaku during the Edo period. He is probably the best known and most prominent of all scholars in this tradition.
Motor Booty Affair Motor Booty Affair is an album produced by the band Parliament. Released in 1978, it contains two of the group's more popular tracks, "Rumpofsteelskin" and "Aqua Boogie (A Psychoalphadiscobetabioaquadoloop)".
Motor Boys The Motor Boys were the heroes of a popular series of adventure books for boys at the turn of the 20th century issued by the Stratemeyer Syndicate under the pseudonym of Clarence Young. This series was published by Cupples & Leon and was issued with dustjackets and glossy frontispiece.
Motor club Motor clubs are organizations, either for-profit or non-profit, which motorists (drivers, vehicle owners) can join to enjoy certain benefits provided by the club relating to driving a vehicle. There is typically an annual membership fee to join.
Motor controller A motor controller is a device or group of devices that serves to govern in some predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor. A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and faults.
Motor Carrier Act of 1980 The United States government regulated transportaion modes until a series of federal legislative acts beginning in 1978. The deregulation of the trucking industry essentially began with the Motor Carrier Act of 1980 (S.
Motor City Bowl The Motor City Bowl is a major post-season college football bowl game certified by the NCAA that has been played annually since 1997. The first five games (1997-2001) were played at the Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan.
Motor City Mechanics The Motor City Mechanics are a professional ice hockey team. They are an inactive member of the United Hockey League from 2004 - 2006 and played their first two seasons' home games at Great Lakes Sports City Superior Arena in Fraser, Michigan.
Motor City Online Motor City Online was a racing game/MMOG released by EA Games on October 10, 2001. The point of the game was to buy classic cars (mostly American muscle cars) ranging from 1930s to 1970s models, tune them up, and race them against other players.
Motor City Reapers The Motor City Reapers are an inactive team of the Continental Indoor Football League (formerly the Great Lakes Indoor Football League) scheduled to play their home games at the Great Lakes Sports City Superior Arena in Fraser, Michigan. The team had originally planned to begin play in 2007, but deferred later on due to personal issues.
Motor Industry Research Association The Motor Industry Research Association, often known as MIRA, is a limited company based in the United Kingdom, which provides product engineering, research, testing, information and certification services to the automotive sector. It was formed in 1945.
Motor Industry Software Reliability Association The Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA), is a collaboration between vehicle manufacturers, component suppliers and engineering consultants which seeks to promote best practice in developing safety-related electronic systems in road vehicles.
Motor Insurers Bureau Motor Insurers Bureau (MIB) was established in 1946 as a private company limited by guarantee for the purpose of entering into agreements with the Government to compensate the victims of negligent uninsured and untraced motorists.
Motor learning Motor learning is the process of improving the smoothness and accuracy of movements. It is obviously necessary for complicated movements such as speaking, playing the piano and climbing trees, but it is also important for calibrating simple movements like reflexes, as parameters of the body and environment change over time.
Motor life boat The Motor Life Boat (MLB) is an integral part of a Coast Guard fleet, built to withstand the most severe conditions at sea. Designed to be self-bailing, self-righting and practically unsinkable, lifeboats are used as a heavy weather surf rescue response platform.
Motor Mania Motor Mania is a cartoon made by the Walt Disney Company in 1950. In this Jekyll and Hyde-spoof cartoon, Goofy, in one of his first episodes of the "Goofy the Everyman" series, takes on a split personality when he gets behind the wheel and provides the lowdown on how not to drive safely.
Motor neuron In vertebrates, the term motor neuron (or motoneuron) classically applies to neurons located in the central nervous system (CNS) which project their axons outside the CNS and directly or indirectly control muscles. The term is synonymous with efferent neurons.
Motor Neurone Disease Association The Motor Neurone Disease Association (MNDA) is a British charity established in 1979 by a group of volunteers to coordinate care, support, and research for people affected by motor neurone disease (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Lou Gehrig's disease).
Motor oil Motor oil is a type of liquid oil used for lubrication by various kinds of internal combustion engines. Other benefits from using motor oil include cooling by carrying heat away from moving engine parts and often include cleaning and corrosion inhibition in internal combustion engines.
Motor Racing Network The Motor Racing Network (MRN) is the radio broadcasting operation of NASCAR. It broadcasts coverage of most major NASCAR races at the top three levels of NASCAR: the NEXTEL Cup, the Busch Series and the Craftsman Truck Series.
Motor skill A motor skill is a skill that requires an organism to utilize their skeletal muscles effectively. Motor skills and motor control depend upon the proper functioning of the brain, skeleton, joints, and nervous system.
Motor Sports Association The Motor Sports Association (MSA) is the FIA's national sporting authority (ASN) in the United Kingdom. It holds sole responsibility within the UK for the administration of all major types of motor sport and the administration of their associated regulations.
Motor Toon Grand Prix Motor Toon Grand Prix was a racing game released at the Japanese launch of the PS1. It is commonly confused with Motor Toon Grand Prix 2 which was released under this title in the west since the first game never left Japan.
Motor Transport Corps The British Motor Transport Corps existed during World War II as a volunteer unit for women. Women who wanted to help in the war effort could volunteer to drive foreign dignitaries around London, as the foreigners and their American drivers were hapless on the British streets.
Motor Trend Motor Trend is one of the oldest automotive magazines still publishing. It first appeared in September 1949, issued by Petersen Publishing Company in Los Angeles, and bearing the tag line The Magazine for a Motoring World.
Motor Trend Car of the Year Motor Trend magazine was the first to give a Car of the Year award, doing so to a Chrysler in 1949. It has since expanded the award category to include the Truck and SUV of the Year, awarding these separately from the Car of the Year.
Motor unit A motor unit is a single α-motor neuron and all of the corresponding muscle fibers it innervates. Groups of motor units often work together to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle; all of the motor units that subserve a single muscle are considered a motor unit pool.
Motor vehicle A motor vehicle is a machine which incorporates a [ (sometimes known as an engine]), and which is used for [[transportation on land. The internal combustion engine is the most common motor choice, although electric motors or other types are sometimes used.

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