Encyclopedia

Multi-Party Period of Republic of Turkey The Multi-Party period in Turkey started by the establishment of National Development Party (Milli Kalkinma Partisi), founded by Nuri DemiraÄź, in 1945. Later on, the Democrat party was established the next year, and was elected in 1950.
Multi-Processing Environment MPE (the Multi-Processing Environment) is used with Message Passing Interface (MPI) programs to provide performance analysis tools including a set of profiling libraries, a set of utility programs, and a set of graphical visualization tools.
Multi-Purpose Logistics Module The Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) is a large pressurized container used on Space Shuttle missions to transfer cargo to and from the International Space Station (ISS). It is carried in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle and berthed to the Unity Module, where supplies are offloaded and finished experiments and waste are loaded.
Multi-scale approaches The scale-space representation of a signal obtained by Gaussian smoothing satisfies a number of special properties, scale-space axioms, which make it into a special form of multi-scale representation. There are, however, also other types of 'multi-scale approaches' in the areas of computer vision, image processing and signal processing, in particular the notion of wavelets.
Multi-sketch A hand-drawn sketch created using a Tablet PC or digitizing tablet like Wacom to create improvised progressive line sketches which are captured to video. Such types of cartoons are created in a freestyle unscripted manner, which makes them original, since the whole cartoon does not need editing after it is completed.
Multi-spectral image The human eye has three colour receptors for red, green and blue. Multi-spectral images are images that are taken with additional receptors sensitive to other frequences of the visible light, or to frequencies beyond visible light, like the infrared region of electromagnetic continuum.
Multi-sport arenas (2012 Olympics) Three multi-sport arenas will be built in the Olympic Park in Stratford for the London 2012 Olympic Summer Games, where it will host the Fencing, Handball, Basketball, and the fencing and shooting disciplines of the Modern Pentathlon events. All of the arenas will have a capacity of 20,000.
Multi-stage fitness test The multi-stage fitness test, also known as the bleep test, beep test, pacer test, or shuttle run test, is used by sports coaches and trainers to estimate an athlete's VO2 Max (maximum oxygen uptake). The test is especially useful for players of sports like football, hockey, or rugby.
Multi-stage flash distillation Multi-stage flash distillation is a desalination process that distills sea water by flashing a portion of the water into steam in multiple stages. First, the seawater is heated in a container known as a brine heater.
Multi-storey car park A multi-storey car park or a parking garage is a building (or part thereof) which is designed specifically to be for automobile parking and where there are a number of floors or levels (stories or storeys) on which parking takes place. It is essentially a stacked car park or parking lot.
Multi-task learning Multi-task learning is an approach to machine learning, that learns a problem together with other related problems at the same time, using a shared representation. This often leads to a better model for the main task, because it allows the learner to use the commonality among the tasks.
Multi-touch Multi-touch is the name of a human-computer interaction technique and the hardware devices that implement it. It is a kind of touch screen or touch tablet / touchpad that recognizes multiple simultaneous touch points, frequently including the pressure or degree of each independently, as well as position.
Multi-Vendor Integration Protocol The Multi-Vendor Integration Protocol (MVIP) is a hardware bus for Audiotex equipment, a PCM data highway for interconnecting expansion boards inside a PC. It was invented and brought to market by Natural Microsystems Inc (now NMS Communications).
Multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion Multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (sometimes Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction; abbreviated MAD) is a technique used in X-ray crystallography that accelerates the determination of protein structures. It uses X-rays of different wavelengths, relieving crystallographers from having to make several different metal-containing crystals.
Multibeam echosounders Multibeam or "Swathe" or "Swath" echosounders originated in the late 1950's, developed by the US Navy and General Instruments in the 1970's to map large swaths of the ocean floor to assist with underwater navigation of its submarine force. Companies such as General Instruments (now SeaBeam Instruments and part of L3/Klein) in the United States, Krupp Atlas (now Atlas Hydrographic), Elac (in Germany) and Kongsberg Simrad in Norway developed systems that could be mounted to the hull of small boats starting in the 70's and rapidly improving technology through the 80's and 90's.
Multibiometrics A biometric system which relies only on a single biometric identifier in making a personal identification is often not able to meet the desired performance requirements. Identification based on multiple biometrics represents an emerging trend.
Multiboot Specification The Multiboot Specification is an open standard originally created in 1995 and developed by the Free Software Foundation. The specification describes a method of loading various multiboot kernels using a single compliant boot loader.
Multibreast The multibreast fetish is a sexual interest in the concept of a person (typically female, of course, although not always) having more than two breasts. These can range from one extra breast to almost any number, typically on the chest but sometimes located in more exotic parts of the body.
Multiburst A multiburst waveform is a useful test pattern used to quickly ascertain the frequency response of a video system. The name derives from the multiple bursts of sinewave in the active video section of the waveform which are generated with (usually) increasing frequency but identical in amplitude.
Multicam Multicam is a camouflage pattern developed by Crye Precision with the US Army Natick Soldier Research Center for the Future Force Warrior portion of the Future Combat Systems program, not the Army Combat Uniform program as is commonly thought. It was designed to work in multiple environments, seasons, light levels and the infrared spectrum.
Multicart In video game parlance, a multicart is a cartridge that contains more than one game. Although generally associated with pirated Famicom cartridges and systems, there have also been legal multicarts over the years.
Multicast BGP Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP (MBGP), defined in IETF [2858], is an extension to the BGP unicast routing protocol that allows different types of addresses (known as address families) to be distributed in parallel. This allows information about the topology of IP Multicast-capable routers to be exchanged separately from the topology of normal IPv4 unicast routers.
Multicast Listener Discovery Multicast Listener Discovery is the protocol used in the IPv6 protocol suite by a router to discover listeners for a specific multicast group, much as IGMP is used in IPv4. The protocol is embedded in ICMPv6 instead of using a separate protocol.
Multicast Open Shortest Path First In computer networking, the Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) protocol is a multicast routing protocol used to support multicasting on a large internetwork so that routers are able to share their information about host group memberships.
Multicategory In mathematics (especially category theory), a multicategory is a generalization of the concept of category that allows morphisms of multiple arity. If morphisms in a category are analogous to functions, then morphisms in a multicategory are analogous to functions of several variables.
Multicell MultiCell is a Turkish company which has been operating in mobile telecommunications sector providing value added services to corporote clients. MultiCell started its operation via marketing Bulk SMS that is enabling client companies to reach their audience with SMS (Short Message Service).
Multicellular fungi Multicellular fungi are made of filaments called hyphae, and a collection of hypae is known as a mycelium. They lack barriers such as cell walls or membranes to divide one cell from another, so the cytoplasm is shared between cells.
Multicellular organism Multicellular organisms are organisms consisting of more than one cell, and having differentiated cells that perform specialized functions. Most life that can be seen with the naked eye is multicellular, as are all members of the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia (except for specialized organism such as Myxozoans in the case of the latter).
Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial and MADIT II are implantable cardioverter defibrillator (or ICD) trials which investigate whether prophylactic ICD therapy in moderately high-risk coronary patients (in addition to conventional therapy) would significantly reduce death compared with patients treated with conventional therapy alone.
Multicolor Multicolor is a subtractive natural color process for motion pictures. Multicolor, introduced to the motion picture industry in 1929, was based on the earlier Prizma Color process, was the forerunner of Cinecolor.
Multicopy single-stranded DNA Multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) is a type of extrachromosomal satellite DNA which consists of a single-stranded DNA molecule linked via a phosphodiester bond to a branched RNA molecule. The resultant structure possesses two stem-loop structures, and functions as both a primer and a template for the creation of more msDNA.
Multicore (Studio Technique) A Multicore (-Cable) describes a special kind of cable, being used in PA- und Live-Studio/Concert/Gig technologies. It combines a huge number of small cables, mostly used as audio interfaces to transmit the signal of several microphones, such as from a drum set, guitar and bass-amps and the singing-microphones to the mixer-setup.
Multicore cable A multicore cable (in the audio recording and entertainment fields) is a compact cable, typically about the diameter of a coin, which contains typically 4-42 individual shielded pair microphone cables all housed by one common outer rubber jacket. Commonly it is referred to by it's slang term, snake or just core.
Multicultural Broadcasting Multicultural Broadcasting is a media company based in New York City. Multicultural caters mostly to the Asian American community and owns television and radio stations in several of the top markets in multiple languages.
Multicultural Center of the South The MultiCultural Center of the South located in Downtown Shreveport has a wide range of entertainment, educational family activities and programs including lectures, symposia, live musical performances and cultural tour programs.
Multiculturalism Multiculturalism is an ideology advocating that society should consist of, or at least allow and include, distinct cultural groups, with equal status. Multiculturalism contrasts with the monoculturalism which was historically the norm in the nation-state.
MultiCom MultiCom is the products name of a broad range of broadband router and firewalls, including VPN IPSec gateway with strong encryption and security, developed and manufactured by Lightning MultiCom in Switzerland, Europe.
Multiday race Multiday races are ultramarathon running events which are typically either segmented into daily events of a specified distance or time, or staged so that runners can run as far as they want, at their own discretion, over a set course or over a set number of days. Multiday races can range from continuous 48 hour track events to staged transcontinental treks.
Multidenominational school A multidenominational school is a relatively new type of primary school in Ireland. They often try to move away from traditional models based around religion, which are common in Ireland, typically these are Roman Catholic and to a lesser extent Church of Ireland schools.
Multidimensional analysis In statistics, econometrics, and related fields, multidimensional analysis is a data analysis process that groups data into two basic categories: data dimensions and measurements. For example, a data set consisting of the number of wins for a single football team at each of several years is a single-dimensional (in this case, longitudinal) data set.
Multidimensional database Multidimensional databases are variously (depending on the context) data aggregators which combine data from a multitude of data sources; databases which offer networks, hierarchies, arrays and other data formats difficult to model in SQL; or databases which give a high degree of flexibility in the definition of dimensions, units, and unit relationships, regardless of data format.
Multidimensional Expressions Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) is a query language for OLAP databases, much like SQL is a query language for relational databases. It is also a calculation language, with syntax similar to spreadsheet formulas.
Multidimensional hierarchical toolkit The Multidimensional hierarchical toolkit or Multi-Dimensional and Hierarchical (MDH) Database Toolkit is a Linux-based, open-sourced, toolkit of portable software that supports very fast, flexible, multi-dimensional and hierarchical storage, retrieval and manipulation of information in databases ranging in size up to 256 terabytes. The package is written in C and C++ and is available under the GNU GPL/LGPL/Free Documentation licenses in source code form.
Multidimensional scaling Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a set of related statistical techniques often used in data visualisation for exploring similarities or dissimilarities in data. An MDS algorithm starts with a matrix of item-item similarities, then assigns a location of each item in a low-dimensional space, suitable for graphing or 3D visualisation.
Multidisciplinarity Multidisciplinarity is a non-integrative mixture of disciplines in that each discipline retains its methodologies and assumptions without change or development from other disciplines within the multidisciplinary relationship.
Multidisciplinary approach Multidisciplinary approach includes the drawing appropriately from multiple disciplines (such as sociology, geography, planning, engineering, architecture and design, economics, public health, cybernetics, statistics, systems thinking etc) to define and apply new ways of understanding complex situations. Most recently this method of working has been adopted in the specialist field of computer security by practitioners such as Gene Spafford and Sarah Gordon.
Multidisciplinary design optimization Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a field of engineering that uses optimization methods to solve design problems incorporating a number of disciplines. It is also known as multidisciplinary optimization and multidisciplinary system design optimization (MSDO).
Multidrop bus A multidrop bus (MDB) is a computer bus in which components are all connected to the same set of electrical wires. A process of arbitration determines which device gets the right to be the sender of information at any point in time.
Multiethnic Indigenist Party The Multiethnic Indigenous Party (Spanish: Partido Indígena Multiétnico - PIM) is a regional Nicaraguan political party founded in 1998 by the PLC dissident and Maranatha pastor Rayfield Hodgson, governor of the South Atlantic Autonomous Region from 1994 to 1998. The PIM contested in the 1998 Atlantic Coast Regional Elections and won 7 seats (out of 45) in the RAAS Regional Council.
Multiethnic Party for Coast Unity The Multiethnic Party for Coast Unity (Spanish: Partido Multiétnico por la Unidad Costeña - PAMUC) is a regional Nicaraguan political party founded in year 2000. PAMUC has its base of supporters in the municipality of Waspam, in the North Atlantic Autonomous Region.
Multiethnic society Multiethnic societies, in contrast to monoethnic societies, integrate different ethnic groups irrespective of differences in culture, race, and history under a common social identity larger than one "nation" in the conventional sense. All cities and most towns can be regarded as multiethnic societies, even ones where race hatred and ethnic intolerance is common.
Multifactor dimensionality reduction Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) is a data mining approach for detecting and characterizing combinations of attributes or independent variables that interact to influence a dependent or class variable. MDR was designed specifically to identify interactions among discrete variables that influence a binary outcome and is considered a nonparametric alternative to traditional statistical methods such as logistic regression.
Multifocal personality Multifocal personality is a new term which comes to describe the shifting personality of a person in relation to his self awareness which can be determined by his metacognitive skills. Multifocal personality can be also described as a change of one's behavior, opinions and reactions due to shifting situations in life.
Multifocal technique Multifocal techniques are used in electroretinogram and visual evoked potential recordings to separate the responses originating from the stimulation of different locations in the visual field (and thus different retinal locations).
Multiforce [is a vehicle-based Autobot team exclusive to Japan/Hasbro. It is comprised of Mach] (shuttle/robot), [[Dash (Transformers)|Dash (car/robot), Wing (jet/robot), Tackle (truck/robot), Waver (Transformers (Waver) (hydrofoil/robot), and Tracker (truck/robot).
Multifractal system A multifractal system is a generalization of a fractal system in which a single exponent, the fractal dimension is not enough to describe its dynamics, and a continuous spectrum of exponents (the so called singularity spectrum) is needed.
Multifunction Monitor A multifunctional monitor (MFM) refers to a flatpanel display that has additional video inputs (more than a typical LCD monitor) and is designed to be used with a variety of external video sources. In many instances, an MFM also includes a TV tuner.
Multifunctional Monitor A multifunctional monitor (MFM) refers to a flatpanel display that has additional video inputs (more than a typical LCD monitor) and is designed to be used with a variety of external video sources. In many instances, an MFM also includes a TV tuner.
Multifunctional Utility/Logistics and Equipment The Multifunction Utility/Logistics and Equipment (MULE) vehicle is an autonomous ground vehicle developed by Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control for the United States Army's Future Combat Systems program.
MultiFinder MultiFinder was the name of a piece of extension software for the Apple Macintosh, introduced in System Software 5 in 1988 and included with System Software 6. It added the ability to co-operatively multitask between several applications at once – a great improvement over the previous systems, which could only run one application at a time.
Multigate device A multigate device or multi-gate field effect transistor (MuGFET) refers to a MOSFET which incorporates more than one gate into a single device. Multigate transistors are one of several strategies being developed by CMOS semiconductor manufacturers to create ever-smaller microprocessors and memory cells, colloquially referred to as extending Moore's Law.
Multigenomic organism Multigenomic organisms are plants or animals that have symbiotic relationships with other organisms that are necessary for the survival of both, but that differ in their genome such that they are considered separate species.
Multigrid method Multigrid (MG) methods in numerical analysis are a group of algorithms for solving differential equations using a hierarchy of discretizations. The idea is similar to extrapolation between coarser and finer grids.
Multigroup Multigroup is a business conglomerate in the Republic of Bulgaria mostly known for its alleged involvement in various scandals and organized crime. Its founder is the Bulgarian businessman Iliya Pavlov, who was its leader until his assassination on March 7, 2003.
Multihoming Multihoming is a technique to increase the reliability of the Internet connection for an IP network. As an adjective, it is typically used to describe a customer, rather than an Internet service provider (ISP) network.
Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service Multichannel multipoint distribution service, also known as MMDS or Wireless Cable, is a wireless telecommunications technology, used for general-purpose broadband networking or, more commonly, as an alternative method of cable television programming reception. MMDS is used in the United States and other countries, including Canada, Mexico, Ireland, Brazil, Australia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and India usually in sparsely populated rural areas, where laying cables is not economically viable.
Multichannel television in Canada The vast majority of Canadians now receive their television service through some sort of multichannel television platform, such as cable television or satellite television, as opposed to an antenna-based system providing only conventional stations. While the technical details of these platforms differ, the governing CRTC regulations are similar for all providers.
Multichannel television sound Multichannel television sound, better known as MTS (often still as BTSC, for the Broadcast Television Systems Committee that created it), is the method of encoding three additional channels of audio into an NTSC-format audio carrier.
MultiChoice MultiChoice is a South African company which operates the DStv satellite television service, the main satellite TV service in Sub-Saharan Africa. It was formed out of the subscriber-management branch of the M-Net terrestrial pay TV company, and broadcasts the full range of M-Net channels on the DStv service.
Multikino Owned by ITI Cinema, Multikino is the second largest multiplex chain in Poland, and has the distinction of opening the nation's first multiplex, which was located in Poznań. Cinema City is Multikino's primary competitor.
Multilaminar veneer Multilaminar wood veneer uses plantation wood to reproduce decorative effects which are typical of quality wood species (often protected) and rare. This aids the preservation of biodiversity and complies with the principles of Sustainable forest management.
Multilateral Agreement on Investment The Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) was negotiated between members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) between 1995 and 1998. Its purpose was to develop multilateral rules that would ensure international investment was governed in a more systematic and uniform way between states.
Multilateral Development Bank A Multilateral Development Bank (MDB) is an institution, created by a group of countries, that provides financing and professional advising for the purpose of development. MDBs have large memberships including both developed donor countries and developing borrower countries.
Multilateral Force The Multilateral Force (MLF) was an American proposal to produce a fleet of submarines and warships, each manned by international NATO crews, and armed with multiple nuclear-armed Polaris ballistic missles. The proposal was floated by the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations.
Multilateration Multilateration, also known as hyperbolic positioning, is the process of locating an object by accurately computing the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of a signal emitted from the object to three or more receivers. It also refers to the case of locating a receiver by measuring the TDOA of a signal transmitted from three or more synchronised transmitters.
Multilevel model Multilevel models are known by several names: hierarchical models, generalized linear mixed models, nested models, and split-plot designs. They are statistical models with model parameters arranged in a hierarchical structure.
Multilevel precedence and preemption Multilevel precedence and preemption (MLPP): In military communications, a priority scheme (a) for assigning one of several precedence levels to specific calls or messages so that the system handles them in a predetermined order and time frame, (b) for gaining controlled access to network resources in which calls and messages can be preempted only by higher priority calls and messages, (c) that is recognized only within a predefined domain, and (d) in which the precedence level of a call outside the predefined domain is usually not recognized.
Multilevel streets in Chicago Downtown Chicago, Illinois, both north and south of the Chicago River, has some double-decked and even a few triple-decked streets, the most famous and longest of which is Wacker Drive. The upper levels usually serve local traffic, while the lower levels serve through traffic and trucks serving businesses along the roads.
Multilinear algebra In mathematics, multilinear algebra extends the methods of linear algebra. Just as linear algebra is built on the concept of a vector and develops the theory of vector spaces, multilinear algebra builds on the concept of a tensor and develops the theory of 'tensor spaces'.
Multilingual ethnic group A multilingual ethnic group is an ethnic group which has various subgroups with different primary languages. These subgroups consider themselves as one ethnic group due to a shared ancestry, culture or history.
Multilingualism The term multilingualism can refer to phenomena regarding an individual speaker who uses two or more languages, a community of speakers where two or more languages are used, or between speakers of different languages.
Multilocus sequence typing Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a technique in molecular biology for the typing of multiple loci. The procedure characterizes isolates of bacterial species using the DNA sequences of internal fragments of multiple (usually seven) housekeeping genes.
MultiLevel Recording MultiLevel Recording (ML) was a technology developed by Calimetrics to increase the storage capacity of prerecorded and writable optical discs. Through a combination of proprietary media, recorder, reader and player modifications, Calimetrics proposed that ML could increase the capacity of a CD-ROM, CD-R or CD-RW to 2 GB, a single-layer DVD, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW or DVD-RAM to 7.
MultiLisp MultiLisp is a functional programming language and dialect of the Lisp dialect Scheme, extended with constructs for parallel execution and shared memory; MultiLisp is implemented in Interlisp. These extensions involve side effects, rendering MultiLisp non-deterministic.
Multimagic cube In mathematics, a P-multimagic cube is a magic cube that remains magic even if all its numbers are replaced by their k-th power for 1 <= k <= P. Thus, a magic cube is bimagic if and only if it is 2-multimagic, and trimagic if and only if it is 3-multimagic.
Multimagic square In mathematics, a P-multimagic square (also known as a satanic square) is a magic square that remains magic even if all its numbers are replaced by their kth power for 1 ≤ k ≤ P. Thus, a magic square is bimagic if it is 2-multimagic, and trimagic if it is 3-multimagic.
Multimachine The MultiMachine is all-purpose open source machine tool that can be built inexpensively by a semi-skilled mechanic with common hand tools, from discarded car and truck parts, using only commonly available hand tools and no electricity. Its size can range from being small enough to fit in a closet to one a hundred times that size.
Multimap (data structure) A multimap is a generalization of a map or associative array abstract data type in which more than one value may be associated with and returned for a given key. Both map and multimap are particular cases of container (data structure) (see for example Standard Template Library#Containers).
Multimark July 17, 1968 Canadian Pacific introduced the Multimark to identify each of its various operations, each using a different colour. CP Rail (red) CP Transport (blue) CP Ships (green) CP Telecommunications (yellow ochre) CP Air (orange) CP Express (also blue) and CP Hotels (gray).
Multimedia (media company) Multimedia, Inc. is a now-defunct media company that owned 10 daily newspapers, two radio stations, five television stations, and a cable television system division which was then sold to Cox Communications in 2000.
Multimedia artist Multimedia artists are contemporary artists who use a wide range of media to communicate their art. Such media range from installation art, to rooms containing found objects or other material, to kinetic sculpture, to sound and visual effects.
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) is a broadcasting service that can be offered via existing GSM and UMTS cellular networks. The infrastructure offers an option to use an uplink channel for interaction between the service and the user, which is not a straightforward issue in usual broadcast networks, as for example conventional digital television is only a one-way (unidirectional) system.
Multimedia Builder Multimedia Builder (commonly abbreviated to MMB), is a multimedia authoring application developed by MediaChance for Microsoft Windows. It allows users to quickly and easily develop applications, whether they are CD interfaces, media players, or basic web browsers.
Multimedia Cartography Multimedia Cartography evolved from a need to present geographical information in an intuitive manner. Multimedia Cartography is best defined through the metaphor of the world atlas, that revered assemblage of maps in book form that has introduced people to the world for centuries.
Multimedia Container Format MCF is an open (the specifications are available for everybody, free of charge), free (no royalties) data storage format called Multimedia Container Format (or Movie Container Format). The group has promised that the format and all software developed by them for will also stay free; it won't be turned into a commercial project once it's popular.
Multimedia Development Corporation The Multimedia Development Corporation (MDeC - previously known as MDC) is a government-owned institution responsible for the management of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC Malaysia) in Malaysia as a world-class technology industry and commerce zone.
Multimedia Esperanto Multimedia Esperanto is a formal artificial language for the modeling of multimedia content. The name derives from Esperanto and emphasizes the ambition to foster accessibility and semantic understanding of multimedia contents for every human independently on sensual or cognitive deficiencies and disabilities or cultural origin.
Multimedia framework A multimedia framework is a software structure (usually a set of software libraries) that handles media on a computer and through a network. A good multimedia framework offers an intuitive API and a modular architecture to easily add support for new codecs or container formats.
Multimedia Home Platform Multimedia Home Platform (DVB-MHP) is an open middleware system standard designed by the DVB project for interactive digital television. The MHP enables the reception and execution of interactive, Java-based applications on a TV-set.
Multimedia Messaging Service Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) is a standard for a telephony messaging systems that allow sending messages that includes multimedia objects (images, audio, video, rich text) and not just text messages as in Short message service (SMS). It is mainly deployed in cellular networks along with other messaging systems like SMS, Mobile Instant Messaging and Mobile E-Mail.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.