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Makam
The makam (pl. makamlar) is the melody type used in Turkish music; that is, it is the concept used to codify phenomena of scale structure, interval structure, and melodic characteristics that underly composition and improvisation. Its counterpart in Arab music is maqam ; in Byzantine music, echos; in Assyrian music, makam; in Uyghur music, muqam; in Uzbek music, shashmakom; and in Indian music, raga. All of these concepts roughly correspond to mode in Western music, although they may differ in detail depending on the specifics of the music theory to which they belong. The rhythmic counterpart of makam in both Arab and Turkish music is usul.
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