Encyclopedia

Matet boat In Egyptian mythology the Matet Boat was the first of two boats traveled in by Ra, the sun god as he traveled the sky daily with the sun on his head. During the period between dawn and noon, Ra occupies the Matet (growing stronger) boat.
Mateu Morral Mateu Morral (Mateo in Spanish; 1880, Sabadell—June 2 1906, Torrejón de Ardoz - part of Madrid) was a Catalan Anarchist, remembered for his assassination attempt on the lives of Alfonso XIII of Spain and his wife Victoria Eugenia (on May 31 1906, the day the two were married).
Mateusz Piskorski Mateusz Piskorski (born May 18, 1977 in Szczecin) is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 5610 votes in 41 Szczecin district, candidating from Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej list.
Matfors Matfors is a small community in the middle of Sweden, in the Medelpad province, at . It forms part of Sundsvall Municipality and is situated about 15 kilometers west of Sundsvall, a city with about 45,000 inhabitants.
Math & Science Park The Math & Science Park, in Lillehammer, Norway is an architectural concept to inspire students to study mathematics and science. It embodies elements from the curriculum as architectural and scholastic objects in the common areas at the school, both indoors and outdoors.
Math 24 Math 24 is a mathematics-related card game in which a card with four digits (or values) is shown to the players, and they must use mathematical operations and all four digits to create a final total of 24. Math 24 is a popular math game in elementary school classrooms, as it teaches basic concepts of mathematics.
Math ap Mathonwy In Welsh mythology, Math ap Mathonwy (Math, son of Mathonwy) was a king of Gwynedd who needed to rest his feet in the lap of a virgin unless he was at war, or he would die. The story of Math is the fourth book of The Four Branches of the Mabinogi.
Math circle Inspired by the Eastern European problem-discussion approach to math education, math circles have become something of a phenomenon for top math students around the United States. In particular, the Bay Area, known for producing a large number of qualifiers for the United States of America Mathematical Olympiad, is home to several math circles.
Math for America Math for America (MfA) is a nonprofit organization launched in 2004 with a mission to substantially improve mathematics education in United States public schools. MfA was founded by mathematicians, educators, and businesspeople who share the belief that improving teacher quality and keeping good teachers in the classroom will result in higher student achievement in mathematics.
Math Science Teaching Corps The Math Science Teaching Corps Act of 2006 (or MSTC, pronounced "mystic") is legislation based on non-profit Math for America's Newton Programs, the Newton Fellowship Program and the Newton Master Teacher Program. The bill was introduced in the 109th Congress by Charles Schumer in the Senate as S.
Math wars Math wars is the debate over modern mathematics education, textbooks and curricula in the US that was triggered by the publication in 1989 of the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). The term "math wars" was coined by commentators such as John A.
Math, Science, and Technology Center The Math, Science, and Technology Center, also known as MSTC, is a prestigious magnet program housed in Lexington, Kentucky's Paul Laurence Dunbar High School. It draws students from throughout the Fayette County Public Schools district.
Math, Science, and Technology Preparatory School at Seneca Math, Science, and Technology Preparatory School at Seneca is the first preparatory school in Western New York and the third in New York State. The school is opening in September of 2006 and will have 160 students- 80 6th graders and 80 9th graders.
Matha A maĹŁha (also written math, matha or mutt) is a term for monastic and similar religious establishments of the Hindu and Jain traditions. A maĹŁha is usually more formal, hierarchical, and rule-based than an ashram.
Mathai Varghese Mathai Varghese is a mathematician and an Australian Research Council (ARC) Senior Research Fellow at the University of Adelaide. His most influential contribution to date is the Mathai-Quillen formalism, which he formulated together with Daniel Quillen, and which has since found applications in index theory and topological quantum field theory.
Mathare Mathare is a collection of slums in Nairobi, Kenya with a population of approximately 500,000 people; the population of Mathare Valley alone, the oldest of the slums that make up Mathare, is 180,000 people. Mathare is the home of football team Mathare United.
Mathcircle The Math Circle, a program of courses founded in 1994, designed for students who enjoy math and want the added challenge of exciting topics that are normally outside the school curriculum. It founders are Robert & Ellen Kaplan, best-selling authors of Nothing That Is, Chances Are: Adventures in Probability , and The Art of the Infinite: The Pleasures of Mathematics
MathCad Mathcad (originally written MathCAD) is desktop software for performing and documenting engineering and scientific calculations. First introduced in 1986 on DOS, it was the first to introduce live editing of typeset mathematical notation, combined with its automatic computation.
MathCounts MathCounts is a middle school math competition held in the United States. Its founding sponsors include the CNA Foundation, National Society of Professional Engineers, and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Mathematical alphanumeric symbols Mathematical alphanumeric symbols are modifications of Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles (one example is blackboard bold, called "double-struck" in Unicode terminology).
Mathematical analysis Analysis is the branch of mathematics most explicitly concerned with the notion of a limit, either the limit of a sequence or the limit of a function.(Whittaker and Watson, 1927, Chapter III) It includes the theories of differentiation, integration and measure, infinite series, and analytic functions.
Mathematical Association The Mathematical Association is a professional society concerned with mathematics education in the UK. It was founded in 1871 as the Association for the Improvement of Geometrical Teaching and renamed to the Mathematical Association in 1897.
Mathematical Association of America The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) is a professional society that focuses on undergraduate mathematics education. Members include teachers at the college and high school level; graduate and undergraduate students; and mathematicians and scientists.
Mathematical biology Mathematical biology or biomathematics is an interdisciplinary field of academic study which aims at modeling natural, biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools. It has both practical and theoretical applications in biological research.
Mathematical constant A mathematical constant is a quantity, usually a real number or a complex number, that arises naturally in mathematics and does not change. Unlike physical constants, mathematical constants are defined independently of any physical measurement.
Mathematical Correspondent The Mathematical Correspondent was the first American mathematics journal, founded in 1804, under the editorial guidance of George Baron. In 1807, Robert Adrain, a main contributor to the journal, became editor.
Mathematical discussion of rangekeeping Rangekeeping is an excellent example of the application of analog computing to a real-world mathematical modeling problem. Because nations had so much money invested in their capital ships, they were willing to invest enormous amounts of money in the development of rangekeeping hardware to ensure that the guns of these ships could put their projectiles on target.
Mathematical folklore As the term is understood by mathematicians, folk mathematics or mathematical folklore means theorems, definitions, proofs, or mathematical facts or techniques that circulate among mathematicians by word-of-mouth but have not appeared in print, either in books or in scholarly journals.
Mathematical formalization of the statistical regression problem Although a rigorous formalization of the regression problem is not necessary in most cases, the theoretical study of the regression problem requires a precise mathematical context than that given in the Regression analysis article.
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics The mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics is the body of mathematical formalisms which permits a rigorous description of quantum mechanics. It is distinguished from mathematical formalisms for theories developed prior to the early 1900s by the use of abstract mathematical structures, such as infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces and operators on these spaces.
Mathematical game Mathematical games include many topics which are a part of recreational mathematics, but can also cover topics such as the mathematics of games, and playing games with mathematics. As far as two-player games are considered, what distinguishes a mathematical game from ordinary games is the emphasis on mathematical analysis of the game, rather than actually playing it.
Mathematical induction Mathematical induction is a method of mathematical proof typically used to establish that a given statement is true of all natural numbers. The method can be extended to prove statements about more general well-founded structures, such as trees; this generalization, known as structural induction, is used in mathematical logic and computer science.
Mathematical jargon The field of mathematics has a vast vocabulary of specialist and technical terms. It also has a certain amount of jargon: commonly used phrases which are part of the culture of mathematics, rather than of the subject.
Mathematical joke A mathematical joke is a form of professional humor which relies on aspects of mathematics or a stereotype of mathematicians to derive humor. The humor may come from a pun or double meaning of a mathematical term, or on a non-mathematician's misunderstanding of a mathematical concept.
Mathematical journal A mathematical journal is a scientific journal which publishes exclusively mathematical papers. One of the best definitions of the current state of mathematics, as a research field, is that it consists of theorems with proofs published in a reputable mathematical journal, and which have passed through the process of peer review called refereeing.
Mathematical Kangaroo Mathematical Kangaroo (also International Mathematical Kangaroo) is an international mathematical competition with more than 30 countries that take an active part. There are eleven levels of participation: from grade 2 to grade 12.
Mathematical logic Mathematical logic is a subfield of mathematics that is concerned with formal systems in relation to the way that they encode intuitive concepts of mathematical objects such as sets and numbers, proofs, and computation.
Mathematical manipulatives A mathematical manipulative is an object which is designed so that the student can learn some mathematical concept by manipulating it. The use of manipulatives provides a way for children to learn concepts in developmentally appropriate, hands-on ways.
Mathematical model A mathematical model is an abstract model that uses mathematical language to describe the behaviour of a system. Mathematical models are used particularly in the natural sciences and engineering disciplines (such as physics, biology, and electrical engineering) but also in the social sciences (such as economics, sociology and political science); physicists, engineers, computer scientists, and economists use mathematical models most extensively.
Mathematical modelling in epidemiology It is possible to model mathematically the progress of most infectious diseases to discover the likely outcome of an epidemic or to help manage them by vaccination. This article uses some basic assumptions and some simple mathematics to find parameters for various infectious diseases and to use those parameters to make useful calculations about the effects of a mass vaccination programme.
Mathematical models in physics Mathematical models are of great importance in physics. Physical theories are almost invariably expressed using mathematical models, and the mathematics involved is generally more complicated than in the other sciences.
Mathematical morphology Mathematical morphology (MM) is a theoretical model for digital images built upon lattice theory and topology. It is the foundation of morphological image processing, which is based on shift-invariant (translation invariant) operators based principally on Minkowski addition.
Mathematical Methods in the Social Sciences The Mathematical Methods in the Social Sciences (MMSS) is a program at Northwestern University. Founded in 19781, the program "enables a select group of high ability students to combine the study of social sciences with training in formal analytical methods.
Mathematical notation Mathematical notation is used in mathematics, and throughout the physical sciences, engineering, and economics. The complexity of such notation ranges from relatively simple symbolic representations, such as numbers 1 and 2; function symbols sin and +, to conceptual symbols, such as lim and dy/dx; to equations and variables.
Mathematical Olympiad Cell The Mathematical Olympiad Cell (MO Cell) is a body of permanent faculty devoted to organizing and conducting the mathematical Olympiads in India, in particular, the Indian National Mathematical Olympiad and the International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp. The MO Cell has two main members:
Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools (MOEMS) is a worldwide math competition based in Bellmore, New York, in the United States. MOEMS is currently the most notable elementary school math competition in the United States, though two dozen other nations also participate.
Mathematical physics Mathematical physics is the scientific discipline concerned with "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories"1.
Mathematical psychology Mathematical Psychology is an approach to psychological research that is based on mathematical modeling. Such mathematical modeling allows to derive more exact hypotheses and, threrefore, stricter empirical validations.
Mathematical Programming Society The Mathematical Programming Society (MPS) is the most important international scientific community in the field of optimization, aiming at the development of new mathematical theory and optimization algorithms as well as their application in practical planning problems. Founded in 1973, the MPS publishes several important journals, is involved in the organization of various conferences and awards a number of prestigious prizes.
Mathematical Reviews Mathematical Reviews is a journal and online database published by the American Mathematical Society that contains brief synopses (and occasionally evaluations) of many articles in mathematics, statistics and theoretical computer science. Selected reviews (called "featured reviews") are also published as a book by the AMS.
Mathematical singularity In mathematics, a singularity is in general a point at which a given mathematical object is not defined, or a point of an exceptional set where it fails to be well-behaved in some particular way, such as differentiability. See singularity theory for general discussion of the geometric theory, which only covers some aspects.
Mathematical sociology Mathematical sociology is the usage of mathematics to construct social theories. In sociology, in general, the connection between mathematics and sociology is confined to problems of data analysis; employing statistical models.
Mathematical structure In mathematics, a structure on a set, or more generally a type, consists of additional mathematical objects that in some manner attach to the set, making it easier to visualize or work with, or endowing the collection with meaning or significance.
Mathematical Sciences Research Institute The Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI), founded in 1982, is a mathematical research institution whose funding sources include the National Science Foundation. The institution is located on the hills of the University of California, Berkeley campus.
Mathematical table Before calculators were cheap and plentiful, people would use mathematical tables —lists of numbers showing the results of calculation with varying arguments— to simplify and drastically speed up computation. Most common are multiplication tables, which most people know from their early math classes:
Mathematical Tables Project The Mathematical Tables Project brought together hundreds of unskilled people to compile a large number of tables of all sorts of mathematical information. It began in New York City in 1938 as part of the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
Mathematically Correct Mathematically Correct is a website created by educators, parents, citizens and mathematicians / scientists who are concerned about the direction of reform mathematics curricula based on NCTM standards. It is one of the most frequently cited websites in the Math wars.
Mathematician manqué Mathematician manqué is an unrequited or unaccomplished lover of mathematics. This condition is common among philosophers, apparently in response to the inscription above the door of Plato's Academy, let no one devoid of geometry enter here, ἀγεωμέτρητος μηδεὶς εἰσίτω.
Mathematics Mathematics (colloquially, maths, or math in North American English) is the body of knowledge centered on concepts such as quantity, structure, space, and change, and also the academic discipline that studies them. Benjamin Peirce called it "the science that draws necessary conclusions".
Mathematics and architecture Mathematics and architecture have always enjoyed a close association with each other, not only in the sense that the latter is informed by the former, but also in that both share the search for order and beauty, the former in nature and the latter in buildings. Mathematics is indispensable to the understanding of structural concepts and calculations.
Mathematics and art Mathematics and art have a long historical relationship. The ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks knew about the golden ratio, regarded as an aesthetically pleasing ratio, and incorporated it into the design of monuments including the Great Pyramid, the Parthenon, the Colosseum.
Mathematics and Science High School at Clover Hill The Chesterfield County Mathematics and Science High School at Clover Hill opened in September, 1994, with an enrollment of twenty-five sophomores and seventy-five freshmen; approximately one hundred freshmen have been selected and enrolled each year since then. The magnet school, which shares facilities with Clover Hill High School, is open to any qualifying Chesterfield County student.
Mathematics education Mathematics education is the study of practices and methods of both the teaching and learning of mathematics. Furthermore, mathematics educators are concerned with the development of tools that facilitate practice and/or the study of practice.
Mathematics Magazine Mathematics Magazine is a refereed bimonthly publication of the Mathematical Association of America. Its intended audience is teachers of collegiate mathematics, especially at the junior/senior level, and their students.
Mathematics of general relativity The mathematics of general relativity refers to various mathematical structures and techniques that are used in Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. The main tools used in this geometrical theory of gravitation are tensor fields defined on a Lorentzian manifold representing spacetime.
Mathematics of paper folding The art of paper folding or origami has received a considerable amount of mathematical study. Fields of interest include a given paper model's flat-foldability (whether the model can be flattened without damaging it) and the use of paper folds to solve mathematical equations.
Mathematics of Sudoku The class of Sudoku puzzles consists of a partially completed row-column grid of cells partitioned into N regions each of size N cells, to be filled in using a prescribed set of N distinct symbols (typically the numbers {1, ..., N}), so that each row, column and region contains exactly one of each element of the set.
Mathematische Arbeitstagung The Mathematische Arbeitstagung taking place annually in Bonn since 1957, and founded by Friedrich Hirzebruch, was an international meeting of mathematicians intended to act in clearing-house fashion, by disseminating current research ideas; and, at the same time, to bring mathematics in West Germany back into its place in European trends. It proved highly successful in attracting the cream of younger, post-Bourbaki mathematicians, partly because its structure was not that of the conventional international conference.
MatheMagic MatheMagic is an organisation based in York whose original aim was to popularise mathematics. It ran from the original home of Elmfield College, and initiated the York Computer Bus (now run by BBC Radio York)and then in 2003 merged with Community Regeneration York (CRY)].
Mather Air Force Base Mather Air Force Base (Mather AFB) was an United States Air Force Base located in Rancho Cordova, California. Mather AFB was closed on October 1, 1993 as a result of the Base Realignment and Closure Act (BRAC) and reopened in 1995 as Sacramento Mather Airport.
Mather Byles (loyalist) Mather Byles (12 January 1734/1735 – 12 March 1814), was a Congregational clergyman at New London, Connecticut until 1768. In 1768 he entered the Established Church, and became rector of Christ Church, Boston.
Mather Gorge Mather Gorge is a river gorge south and just downriver of Great Falls on the border of Maryland and Virginia. The Maryland side of the gorge is part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park and the Virginia side is part of Great Falls Park.
Mathers Bridge Mathers Bridge is located on the southern tip of Merritt Island, Florida at the end of State Road 3/County Route 3. The bridge was built in 1927 by John Mathers to connect Merritt Island to what is now Indian Harbour Beach.
Mathers table The Mathers table of Hebrew and Chaldee letters is a tabular display of the pronunciation, appearance, numerical values, transliteration, names, and symbolism of the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet appearing in The Kabbalah Unveiled, S.L.
Mathesis universalis Mathesis universalis (Greek mathesis - science, Latin universalis - universal) is a hypothetical universal science modelled on mathematics envisaged by Leibniz and Descartes. It would be supported by a Calculus ratiocinator.
Matheson Bayley Matheson Bayley (born 15 December 1978) in Chertsey, Surrey, England), is a British pianist, composer, orchestrator, singer and television host. He studied commercial composition at the Royal Academy of Music, London.
Matheson Fire The Matheson Fire in northern Ontario, Canada was a massive forest fire which had become uncontrolled on July 29, 1916 and killed 200-250 people and burned down six towns including Matheson, Ontario and caused extensive damage in and around Cochrane, Ontario. The approximately 64 kilometre front burned 500,000 acres (2,000 km²).
Matheus Nachtergaele Matheus Nachtergaele (born 3 January 1969, in SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian actor. He has starred in numerous Brazilian films and television programmes but is probably most well known for his appearance in the 2002 film Cidade De Deus (City Of God), playing the part of Carrot Sandro.
Mathew Head Matthew Head (born May 9, 1982 in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales) is an Australian rugby league player for the St George Illawarra Dragons in the National Rugby League competition. His position of choice is at half-back.
Mathew Helm Mathew Helm (born December 9, 1980 in Bourke, New South Wales, is an Australian diver who won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the men's 10 metre platform. He was in first place at the end of the preliminary round and the semi-finals, but was passed by Chinese diver Hu Jia in the finals.
Mathew Charlton Mathew Charlton (15 March 1866 - 8 December 1948), Australian Labor politician, was born in rural Victoria, but moved to Newcastle, New South Wales as a child. He had only a primary education before going to work in the coal mines.
Mathew Chuk Mathew Chuk (born 1985) is an Australian student politician. He is the current General Secretary of the National Union of Students, and is only the second Independent to occupy the position in the organisation's history.
Mathew Kemp Mathew Kemp (born August 8, 1980 in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia) is an Australian football (soccer) player who plays in the position as a left midfielder. He currently plays for Adelaide United in the newly formed Hyundai A-League.
Mathew Knowles Mathew Knowles is an American record executive and manager. He is the father and manager of R&B star Beyoncé Knowles and her sister Solange Knowles, and is best known as the manager of his daughters and of the female R&B group Destiny's Child.
Mathew Makil Mathew Makil (March 27, 1851 - January 26, 1914) was a Roman Catholic bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. Consecrated a bishop in 1896 he would become Vicar Apostolic for both Changanassery and Kottayam.
Mathew Manjooran Mathew Manjooran – The political activist who spearheaded the first major farmers’ agitation in the history of modern Kerala. The movement that he precipitated soon snowballed into the famous Karshaka Prakshobham of 1932 of the erstwhile princely state of Cochin.
Mathew Sinclair Mathew Stuart Sinclair (born 9 November, 1975 in Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia) is a New Zealand cricketer. He holds the equal world record for the highest Test score (214) by a number three batsman on debut when he opened his international career against West Indies in the 1999 Boxing Day Test.
Mathew Stokes Mathew Stokes (born November 22, 1984) who stands 178 cm tall, (5'8" ft), is a new, young and exciting professional footballer currently playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League.
Mathew Street Mathew Street is a famous street in Liverpool, England, probably most well-known for being the location of the Cavern Club, where The Beatles played many concerts early in their career. Mathew Street is located in an area of Liverpool city centre known today as "The Cavern Quarter".
Mathew Thorpe Sir Mathew Alexander Thorpe (born 30 July 1938), styled The Rt Hon. Lord Justice Thorpe, is one of the senior judges in the Court of Appeal of England and Wales (also known as the Lord Justices of Appeal of England and Wales) where he was appointed on 5 June1996.
Mathews Phosa Nakedi Mathews Phosa (1 September 1952 - ) is a South African attorney and politician and was also an anti-apartheid activist. He is a former premier of Mpumalanga as well as a former member of the National Executive Committee of the African National Congress (ANC).
Mathews v. Eldridge Mathews v. Eldridge, , is a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that individuals have a statutorily granted property right in social security benefits, that the termination of those benefits implicates due process, but that the termination of Social Security benefits does not require a pre-termination hearing.
Mathews-Powell House The Mathews-Powell House is a Victorian house located in Queen City, Texas, United States. The house was dedicated as a Texas Historical Landmark in 1973 and was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1977.
Mathey College Mathey College is one of five underclass residential colleges at Princeton University. Located in the Northwest corner of the Princeton Campus, its dormitories and other buildings are predominantly in the Collegiate Gothic style.
MathFlow Design Science MathFlow is a suite of production tools for enterprise publishing working with MathML in XML workflows. MathFlow tools allow users to import content from Microsoft Word into XML editing programs, create new MathML content, and edit the MathML in a WYSIWYG environment.
Mathghamhan Mathghamhan (also spelled Mathuin or Mahon) was an Irishman of the early eleventh century. He was the son of Cian Mac Mael Muda, chief of the Cineal Aodha, and his wife Sadhbh, who was daughter of the High King Brian Boru.
Mathias Dewatripont Mathias Dewatripont is a Belgian economist and professor at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and the Solvay Business School. He studied economics at the ULB, and obtained a PhD at Harvard University (United States) in 1986.
Mathias Färm Mathias Färm (born September 9, 1974, in Örebro, Sweden) is the guitarist of Millencolin, a Swedish skate-punk band that sings in English. He started skating in 1987 and started listening to Operation Ivy, Mc Rad, The Descendents & Odd Man Out because of the skate videos.
Mathias Kiwanuka Mathias Kagimu Kiwanuka (born March 8, 1983 in Indianapolis, Indiana) currently is a player in the NFL, and a Boston College alum. He currently plays in the for the New York Giants who selected him 32nd overall in the first round of the 2006 NFL draft following a trade with the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Mathias Loras Bishop Mathias Loras (August 30 1792 - February 20 1858) was a French priest who later became the first Bishop of the Dubuque Diocese in what would become the state of Iowa. Bishop Loras would guide the new diocese during its formative years.

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