Encyclopedia

Object limiter An object limiter is an application used in many games, most commonly in game consoles (as game consoles frequently have less storage than computers). Its function is to prevent the player from placing too many objects (such as furniture or buildings) in a level.
Object Management Group Object Management Group (OMG) is a consortium, originally aimed at setting standards for distributed object-oriented systems, and is now focused on modeling (programs, systems and business processes) and model-based standards in some 20 vertical markets. Founded in 1989 by eleven companies (including Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Sun Microsystems, Apple Computer, American Airlines and Data General), OMG mobilized to create a heterogeneous distributed object standard.
Object Naming Service Object Naming Service (ONS) is a mechanism that leverages Domain Name System (DNS) to discover information about a product and related services from the Electronic Product Code (EPC). It is a component of the EPCglobal Network.
Object of the mind An object of the mind is an object which exists in the imagination, but can only be represented or modeled in the real world. Some such objects are mathematical abstractions, literary concepts, or fictional scenarios.
Object orgy In computer programming, object orgy is a term, common to the Perl programming language community, describing a common failure (or 'anti-pattern') in object-oriented programming design. An object orgy is a condition in which failure to use encapsulation, and thus permitting unrestricted access to the internals of objects, results in a difficult or impossible to maintain maze of interactions (colloquially: a rat's nest or spaghetti code).
Object oriented design Object Oriented Design is the concept that forces programmers to plan out their code in order to have a better flowing program. The origins of object oriented design is debated, but the first languages that supported included it were Simula and SmallTalk.
Object pool In computer programming, an object pool is a set of initialised objects that are kept ready to use, rather than allocated and destroyed on demand. A client of the pool will request an object from the pool and perform operations on the returned object.
Object Pascal Object Pascal is an object oriented derivative of Pascal mostly known as the primary programming language of Borland Delphi. It is also known as the "Delphi programming language" when describing the dialect used by Borland Delphi.
Object Prevalence Object Prevalence is an object-oriented, in-memory, language-specific, persistent data storage and retrieval model used in computer programming. It is based on the well established techniques of system snapshotting and transaction journalling.
Object Process Methodology Object Process Methodology is an approach to designing information systems by depicting them using object models and process models. OPM was founded by Dov Dori, researcher at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, in 2002.
Object Process Network Object Process Network (OPN) [Koo 2005] is a domain-neutral, executable meta-language designed to represent, generate, and manipulate simulation models. OPN represents a system in terms of a network of objects and processes.
Object relations theory In psychodynamics, Object relations theory is the idea that the ego-self exists only in relation to other objects, which may be external or internal. The internal objects are internalized versions of external objects, primarily formed from early interactions with the parents.
Object role modeling The designer of a database builds a formal model of the application area or universe of discourse (UoD). The model requires a good understanding of the UoD and a means of specifying this understanding in a clear, unambiguous way.
Object storage device An Object Storage Device (OSD) enables the creation of self-managed, shared and secure storage for storage networks. This moves lower-level functionalities such as space management into the storage device itself, where the device is accessed through a standard object interface.
Object Value In industrial design, a measure of consumers' immediate desire for an object, even before they know or understand what it does is called Object Value. "Gassee may be nuts, but at least the BeBox has great object value.
Object Verb Subject Object Verb Subject (OVS) or Object Verb Agent (OVA) is one of the permutations of expression used in linguistic typology. OVS denotes the sequence 'Object Verb Subject' in unmarked expressions: Oranges ate Sam, Thorns have roses.
Object writing Object Writing is an exercise in which you start writing about one object and lead to other objects and places using all senses (touch, sound, sight, smell, taste, movement) to display imagery. Lyricist and Berklee College of Music professor, Pat Pattison popularized this method.
Object-based language In a technical sense, the term "object-based language" may be used to describe any programming language that is based on the idea of encapsulating state and operations inside objects. Object-based languages need not support inheritance or subtyping, but those that do are also said to be object-oriented.
Object-capability model The object-capability model is a computer security model based on an object-oriented model of computation. The name "object-capability model" is due to the idea that idealized object-based programming and capability-based programming are two ways of looking at the same thing.
Object-modeling technique The object-modeling technique (OMT) is an object modeling language for software modeling and designing. It was developed circa 1991 by Rumbaugh, Blaha, Premerlani, Eddy and Lorensen as a method to develop object-oriented systems, and to support object-oriented programming.
Object-oriented analysis and design Object-oriented analysis and design applies object-modeling techniques to analyze the requirements for a context — for example, a system, a set of system modules, an organization, or a business unit — and to design a solution. Most modern object-oriented analysis and design methodologies are use case driven across requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment.
Object-oriented programming Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" to design applications and computer programs. It utilizes several techniques from previously established paradigms, including inheritance, modularity, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
Object-oriented programming language An object-oriented programming language (also called an OO language) is one that allows or encourages, to some degree, object-oriented programming techniques such as encapsulation, inheritance, interfaces, and polymorphism. Simula (1967) is generally accepted as the first language to have the primary features of an object-oriented language.
Object-Oriented Modeling Object-Oriented Modeling, or OOM, is a modeling paradigm mainly used in computer programming. Prior to the rise of OOM, the dominant paradigm was functional programming, which emphasised the use of discreet reusable code blocks that could stand on their own, take variables, perform a function on them, and return values.
Object-Oriented Software Construction Object-Oriented Software Construction is the title of a book by Bertrand Meyer, widely considered a foundational text of object-oriented programming. The first edition was published in 1988; the second, extensively revised and expanded edition (more than 1300 pages), in 1997.
Object-relational database An object-relational database (ORD) or object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) is a relational database management system that allows developers to integrate the database with their own custom data types and methods. The term object-relational database is sometimes used to describe external software products running over traditional DBMSs to provide similar features; these systems are more correctly referred to as object-relational mapping systems.
Object-relational impedance mismatch The Object-relational Impedance Mismatch refers to a set of conceptual and technical difficulties which are often encountered when a relational database management system is being used by a program written in an object-oriented programming language or style; particularly when objects and/or class definitions are mapped in a straightforward way to database tables and/or relational schemata. This practice has been recommended and documented by some object-oriented literature as a way to use databases in object-oriented programs.
Object-relational mapping Object-Relational mapping (aka O/RM, ORM, and O/R mapping), is a programming technique that links databases to object-oriented language concepts, creating (in effect) a "virtual object database." There are both free and commercial packages available that perform object-relational mapping, although some programmers opt to code their own object-relational mapping for their systems.
ObjectBar ObjectBar is a piece of software created for Windows 98/Me/2000/XP by Stardock. It can be used to add bars and panes to the Windows graphical user interface, allowing both the creation of original designs and the emulation of other operating systems.
ObjectCenter ObjectCenter is an integrated development environment (IDE) offering facilities similar to CodeCenter for the C++ language, plus other features such as class browsing facilities. ObjectCenter was formerly named Saber-C++.
ObjectDock ObjectDock is a computer program providing a dock similar to that in the Mac OS X Aqua GUI. It is distributed under the WinCustomize brand by Stardock for Windows 2000, XP and later operating systems, and comes in Free and Plus versions.
Objectionable-C Objectionable-C is a hackish take on "Objective-C". Objectionable-C uses a Smalltalk-like syntax, but lacks the flexibility of Smalltalk method calls, and (like many such efforts) comes frustratingly close to attaining the Right Thing without actually doing so.
Objections to evolution There have been numerous objections to evolution since Charles Darwin put forth the theory of evolution by natural selection in his 1859 book The Origin of Species. Although the theory initially met opposition from a number of alternative scientific theories, it came to be universally accepted by the scientific community.
Objective (optics) An objective in optics is the lens or mirror in a microscope, telescope, camera or other optical instrument, that receives the first light rays from the object being observed. The objective is also called the object lens, object glass, and objective glass.
Objective approach Taking an objective approach to an issue means having due regard for the known valid evidence (relevant facts and viewpoints) pertaining to that issue. If relevant valid evidence is denied or falsified, an objective approach is impossible.
Objective consumerism Objective consumerism refers to consumers spending with the objective to not just own the product or receive the service, but to achieve satisfaction of spending money at a business that values and proves to adhere to certain ethical and moral codes of conduct, or to influence an industry into a certain direction. The most commonly discussed form of this is ethical consumerism.
Objective Caml Objective Caml (OCaml) is the main implementation of the Caml programming language, created by Xavier Leroy, JĂ©rĂ´me Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier RĂ©my and others in 1996. OCaml is an open source project managed and principally maintained by INRIA.
Objective Corporation Objective Corporation (ASX: OCL) is a global provider of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) solutions. Objective ECM solutions help both government and corporate organisations track, manage and access their unstructured business content.
Objective idealism Objective idealism is an idealistic metaphysics that postulates that there is in an important sense only one perceiver, and that this perceiver is one with that which is perceived. One important advocate of such a metaphysics, Josiah Royce, wrote that he was indifferent "whether anybody calls all this Theism or Pantheism".
Objective Individual Combat Weapon program The Objective Individual Combat Weapon or OICW refers to the next-generation service rifle competition that was under development as part of the United States Army OICW program. The acronym OICW is often used to refer to the whole program.
Objective Modula-2 Objective Modula-2 (or ObjM2) is an extension to Modula-2 which follows the Objective-C object model and retains the bracketed Smalltalk message passing syntax introduced in Objective-C. Like Objective-C, Objective Modula-2 is a reflective, object oriented programming language with both static and dynamic typing.
Objective test Objective tests are psychological tests which are different in nature from projective tests, which are based on Freudian Psychology (Psychoanalysis) and seek to expose the unconscious perceptions of people. Conversely, objective tests generally explore an individual's conscious thoughts and feelings.
Objectives Resolution The Objectives Resolution was a resolution adopted on 12 March 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. The resolution, proposed by the Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, proclaimed that the future constitution of Pakistan would not be modelled entirely on a European pattern, but on the ideology and democratic faith of Islam.
Objectivism, Ayn Rand, and homosexuality Objectivism is a philosophy created by Ayn Rand, which some gay and lesbian people have been interested in for its celebration of personal freedom and individuality at the expense of government power. However, Rand's personal views of homosexuality were unambiguously negative.
Objectivist epistemology Objectivism's epistemology, like the other branches of Objectivism, was present in some form ever since the publication of Atlas Shrugged. However, it was most fully explained in Rand's 1967 work Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology.
Objectivist ethics The Objectivist ethics is a subset of the Objectivist philosophy formulated by Ayn Rand. Rand defined "ethics" as "a code of values to guide man's choices and actions — the choices and actions that determine the purpose and the course of his life.
Objectivist metaphysics All of Objectivism rests on Objectivist metaphysics and Objectivist epistemology: the study of what is and how we know it. The key tenets of the Objectivist metaphysics are (1) the Primacy of Existence, (2) the Law of Identity ("A is A"), and (3) the Axiom of Consciousness.
Objectivist movement The Objectivist movement is a movement to popularize Ayn Rand's Objectivism. It began informally in the 1950s with the ironically-namedThe name is ironic because one of the main things that Ayn Rand's Objectivism opposed was collectives and collectivism, as it espoused individuality and individualism.
Objectivist theory of value The Objectivist theory of Value, as proposed by Ayn Rand, explains the worth of goods and services as a relationship between intrinsic, observable attributes in nature, human knowledge of such attributes, and how such attributes can satisfy the subjective needs of humans. The Objectivist theory of value holds the following:
Objectivity (journalism) Objectivity is frequently held to be essential to journalistic professionalism (particularly in the United States); however, there is some disagreement about what the concept consists of. In Europe and other places, advocacy journalism is considered as a legitimate sort of professional journalism.
Objectivity (science) Objectivity in science is the property of scientific theories to make unequivocal predictions that can be tested independent from the the individual scientist (the subject) who proposes them. It is intimately related to the aim of reproducibility.
Objectory AB Objectory Systems was a software company based in Sweden that was instrumental in the development of Object-oriented program design. Founded in 1987 by Ivar Jacobson, the company developed ObjectOry, an object-oriented development method which was an extension of what is known as the Ericsson Approach, a modeling language developed at Ericsson.
Objects from The Lost Room The Objects from The Lost Room are powerful artifacts from the Sci Fi Channel mini-series The Lost Room. The set consists of roughly one hundred everyday items one would expect to find in an occupied motel room in the 1960s.
Objects In The Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are "Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are" is a song composed and written by Jim Steinman, and recorded by Meat Loaf. The song was released in 1993 as a single from the album Bat out of Hell II: Back into Hell.
ObjectStore ObjectStore is a commercial object database, which is a specialized type of database designed to handle data created by applications that use object-oriented programming techniques. It was inspired by the Statice database which was developed at Symbolics.
ObjectWeb Think The ObjectWeb THINK framework is a C implementation targeting the embedded world of the highly flexible component model. It lets OS architects assemble system components of arbitrary sizes in varied ways so that architectural aspects can be clearly separated from functional ones.
ObjecTime ObjecTime Developer (or ObjecTime or OTD, for short) is a software automation tool designed to meet the development needs of real-time software development teams. The tool was created by ObjecTime Limited of Kanata, Ontario, and was aimed at aiding software developers in building applications using ROOM (Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling) for real-time, graphical design models.
Objektschutzbataillon The Objektschutzbataillon ("Physical Security Battalion") is in effect the infantry of the German Air Force, the Luftwaffe. Since the Luftwaffe cannot always depend on the German Army for the ground defence of its airfields and other air-force installations, especially in a war zone, or for the capture of enemy airfields by ground units, it has to protect these facilities itself and be responsible for the capture and securing of enemy airfields in wartime.
Objetivo Fama (Third Season) To meet Wikipedia's quality standards and make it more accessible to a general audience, this article may require cleanup.The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter.
Oblast Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasť, , , Bulgarian: о́бласт ) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. Possible English translations of the word are area, zone, province or region; but is often referred to in English as oblast.
Oblate An oblate spheroid is a rotationally symmetric ellipsoid having a polar axis shorter than the diameter of the equatorial circle whose plane bisects it. It can be formed by rotating an ellipse about its minor axis, forming an equator with the end points of the major axis.
Oblate (religion) An Oblate in Christian monasticism (especially Roman Catholic and Anglican; the Orthodox Christian equivalent is called a Rasophore) is any person who has been offered to God, or have dedicated themselves to His service, in holy religion. Currently, Oblate has two meanings:
Oblation Oblation, an offering [Late Latin oblatio, from offerre, oblatum, to offer], a term, particularly in ecclesiastical usage, for a solemn offering or presentation to God. It is thus applied to certain parts of the Eucharistic service in the Roman Church.
Obligations in Freemasonry The Obligations in Freemasonry are those elements of ritual in which a candidate swears to (amoung other things) protect the "secrets of Freemasonry". These are the various signs, tokens and words associated with recognition in each degree.
Obligatory Contour Principle The Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) is a phonological hypothesis that states that (certain) consecutive identical features are banned in underlying representations. For instance, it is commonly thought in phonology that no morpheme is allowed to contain two consecutive high tones.
Obligatory passage point The concept of Obligatory passage point (OPP) was developed by sociologist Michel Callon in a seminal contribution to Actor-network theory: Callon, Michel (1986), "Elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay". In John Law (Ed.
Obliq Obliq is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language designed to make distributed, and locally multi-threaded, computation simple and easy for the programmer, while providing program safety and untyped variables. The interpreter is written in Modula-3, and provides Obliq with full access to Modula-3's network objects capabilities.
Oblique case An oblique case () in linguistics is a noun case of synthetic languages that is used generally when a noun is the object of a sentence or a preposition. An oblique case can appear in any case relationship except the nominative case of a sentence subject or the vocative case of direct address.
Oblique cord The oblique cord (oblique ligament) is a small, flattened band, extending downward and lateralward, from the lateral side of the tubercle of the ulna at the base of the coronoid process to the radius a little below the radial tuberosity.
Oblique correction In particle physics, an oblique correction refers to a particular type of radiative correction to the electroweak sector of the Standard Model. Oblique corrections are defined in four-fermion scattering processes, e.
Oblique order The Oblique Order (or declined or refused flank) is a military tactic where an attacking army focuses its forces to attack a single enemy flank.The force commander concentrates the majority of his strength on one flank and uses the remainder to fix the enemy line.
Oblique reflection In Euclidean geometry, oblique reflections generalize ordinary reflections by not requiring that reflection be done using perpendiculars. If two points are oblique reflections of each other, they will still stay so under affine transformations.
Oblique type Oblique type is a form of type that slants slightly to the right, used in the same manner as italic type. Unlike italic type, however, it does not use different glyph shapes; it uses the same glyphs as roman type, except distorted.
Oblique-swimming triplefin The oblique-swimming triplefin, Obliquichthys maryannae , is a triplefin, the only species in the genus Obliquichthys, found along the north east coast of the North Island of New Zealand from depths of about 5 m to 50 m. They are the only triplefins not to spend most of their time resting on the bottom, instead swimming in loose schools of up to hundreds of individuals above rocky reefs.
Obliteration by incorporation In sociology of science, obliteration by incorporation (OBI) occurs when at some stage in the development of a science, certain ideas become so accepted that their contributors are no longer cited. Eventually, its source and creator are forgotten as the concept enters common knowledge.
Obliteration phenomenon The Obliteration Phenomenon is a concept in library and information science, referring to the tendency for truly ground-breaking research papers to fail to be cited after the ideas they put forward are fully accepted into the orthodox world view. For example, Albert Einstein's paper on the theory of relativity is rarely cited in modern research papers on physical cosmology, despite its direct relevance.
Oblivion (band) Oblivion was a seminal punked-out metal rock group from the Chicago area. The band was comprised of Pete Kourim on the bass guitar and lead vocals, Scott Ozark on guitar and back-up vocals, and Brian Czarnik on drums.
Oblivion (Bernice Summerfield) Oblivion is an original novel by Dave Stone featuring the fictional archaeologist Bernice Summerfield. The New Adventures were a spin-off from the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.
Oblivion (dimension) Oblivion is a fictional realm inhabited by Daedra in The Elder Scrolls series of games. While Oblivion is often described as "The Elder Scrolls version of Hell," the metaphor expressed in the game actually implies a complex supernatural cosmology.
Oblivion Virus The Oblivion Virus is a fictional Virus from the video game Turok 3: Shadow of Oblivion. The player encounters victims of this virus in the first level of the game, after having a person who helped you escape the sewer was attacked and split in half by one of these creatures.
Oblomov Oblomov (first published: 1858) is the best known novel by Russian writer Ivan Goncharov. Oblomov is also the central character of the novel, often seen as the ultimate incarnation of the superfluous man, a stereotypical character in 19th-century Russian literature.
Obluchye Obluchye () is a town in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia, located on the Khingan River (left tributary of the Amur) 159 km west of Birobidzhan at . Population: 11,069 (2002 Census); 12,016 (1989 Census).
Obmi In the World of Greyhawk campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Obmi, sometimes called Lord Obmi, is a murderous mountain dwarven fighter and member of Iuz's Boneshadow. Originally from the Crystalmists, he is known as "the Hammer of Iuz" due to his use of the dwarven throwing hammer, and "Obmi the Wily" for his cunning.
Obnoxio the Clown Obnoxio the Clown was the mascot of the Marvel Comics humor magazine Crazy (magazine). He was portrayed as a slovenly, cigar-puffing middle-aged man in a perpetually torn and dirty clown suit, with a dispeptic and cynical attitude.
Obo Addy Obo Addy (b. 1936) is an Ghanaian drummer and dancer who was one of the first native African musicians to bring the fusion of traditional folk music and Western pop music known as worldbeat to Europe and then to the Pacific Northwest of the United States in the late 1970s.
Oboe The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. The English word "oboe" comes from the Italian translation of the word hautbois; the name of the instrument in French (literal meaning, "high wood").
Oboe (navigation) Oboe ("Observer Bombing Over Enemy") was a British aerial blind bombing targeting system in World War II, based on radio transponder technology. The system went live in December 1942, about the same time H2S radar was introduced.
Oboe da caccia The oboe da caccia (literally "hunting oboe" in Italian) is a double reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family, pitched a fifth below the oboe and used primarily in the Baroque period of European classical music.
Obojeni program Obojeni Program (Colored program) is a rock band from Novi Sad, Serbia. It was formed in early eighties in Novi Sad (capital of Vojvodina, northern region of Yugoslavia) by group of people which were instantly and strongly infected with ideas and actions of punk movement, later also influenced by music of new wave bands such as The Fall, Television, Magazine, Gang of Four etc.
Obol Basketball League Obol Basketball League (OBL) is the premier league for basketball in Sweden. The league was originally established in 1992 as Basketligan and was known as that prior to the season of 2006/2007, but when the Swiss company Obol Investment signed an agreement with the Swedish Basketball Federation in early October of 2006, the league was renamed Obol Basketball League.
Obol Investment Obol Investment was a Swedish company involved in fund managing and sponsoring sport events. In 2006, it signed a 15-year sponsorship deal with the Swedish Basketball Federation that resulted in the renaming of Basketligan ("the Basketball league") to Obol Basketball League.
Obolellida Obolellida is a small, extinct order of inarticulate brachiopods that existed from the early to middle Cambrian period. The relationship of the Obolellida with other inarticulates is unclear, and were previously grouped together with the Siphonotretacea, before being given their own order.
Obolon CJSC Obolon CJSC () is a Ukrainian producer of beverages. In Ukraine, the company is the second-largest producer of beer after InBev and the largest producer of soft drinks, topping Coca-Cola, in terms of physical volume.
Oborne Oborne is a village in north west Dorset, England, situated in the Blackmore Vale close to the border with Somerset, on the A30 road two miles north east of Sherborne. The village has a population of 115 (2001).
Obotrites The Obotrites (German: Abodriten, Polish: Obodryci) were a group of Slavic peoples related to the Wends. After the 6th century they settled in Magna Germania in the regions later known as Mecklenburg and Holstein in northern central Germany, in what is now north-western Germany.
Obrad Piljak Obrad Piljak is a Bosnian politician and former Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, from April 1989 to Dec 1990. He was the last nominated (non-elected) member of the Communist party of Bosnia and Herzegovina to serve as Presidency chairman, before the first multi-party elections were held in 1990 and Alija Izetbegovic replaced him in his post.
Obras Sanitarias Club Atlético Obras Sanitarias de la Nación is a team in Buenos Aires, Argentina playing in the Liga Nacional de Básquetbol (LNB). Their home arenas are Arena Obras Sanitarias and Polideportivo Municipal de San Rafael.
Obreros Unidos Obreros Unidos (1966-1971) was an independent agricultural labor union founded in Wisconsin in 1966 by Mexican American civil rights activists Jesus Salas, Francisco Rodriguez and many more, originally Texas-based farm workers from the small town of Crystal City. The union took root after a march from Wautoma, Wisconsin, to Madison, Wisconsin that state's capitol to protest the working conditions of the thousands of annual Mexican-American migrant workers who traveled from Texas to Wisconsin each year.
Obrint pas Obrint Pas (Catalan expression for Breaking Through) is a music band from Valencia, Land of Valencia (Spain). Their music is a mixture of rock, ska and reggae with dolçaina rhythms, a traditional Valencian instrument.
Obrint Pas Obrint Pas (Catalan expression for Break Through) is a music band from Valencia, Land of Valencia (Spain). Their music is a mixture of rock, ska and reggae with dolçaina rhythms, a traditional Valencian instrument.

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