Encyclopedia

Operational Conversion Unit An Operational Conversion Unit (OCU) is a unit within an air force whose role is to support preparation for the operational missions of a specific aircraft type by providing trained personnel. OCUs teach pilots how to fly an aircraft and which tactics best exploit the performance of their aircraft and its weapons.
Operational data store According to Bill Inmon, an operational data store (ODS) is a subject-oriented, integrated, volatile, current-valued, detailed-only collection of data in support of an organization's need for up-to-the-second, operational, integrated, collective information.
Operational definition An operational definition is a description of something—such as a variable, term, or object—in terms of the specific process or set of validation tests used to determine its presence and quantity. Properties described in this manner must be publicly accessible so that persons other than the definer can independently measure or test for them at will.
Operational display system Operational Display Systems refers to systems used for tracking the status of multiple objects in avionics. Operational Displays Systems are usually being developed by large countries' civil aviation authorities (such as the Federal Aviation Administration in the USA, or Eurocontrol in Europe), with inputs from technology companies and air traffic controllers associations.
Operational Distinguishing Device The Operational Distinguishing Device is a decoration of the United States Coast Guard which is awarded to certain units as an attachment to a unit award (such as the Coast Guard Unit Commendation and Meritorious Unit Commendation). It is also awarded as an attachment to the Coast Guard Commendation Medal, the Coast Guard Achievement Medal, and the Commandant's Letter of Commendation Ribbon.
Operational expenditure Operating Expenditures, commonly referred to as OPEX, are the on-going costs for running a product, business, or system. Its counterpart, Capital Expenditures (CAPEX), refers to the cost of developing or providing non-consumable parts for the product or system.
Operational Group Operational Group (, abbreviated GO) was the highest level of tactical division of the Polish Army before and during World War II and the Polish Defensive War. It was corps-sized, although various Operational Groups varied in size.
Operational historian Operational Historian refers to a software application that logs or historizes data. Operational Historians are like Enterprise Historians but differ in that they are used by engineers on the plant floor rather than by business processes.
Operational Intelligence Operational Intelligence (OI) is an event-based technology which detects the state of daily activities and processes, and analyze them against expected states. It embeds contextual information and control rules into process workflows to determine the most appropriate response to threats and opportunities.
Operational risk According to §644 of International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards, known as Basel II, operational risk is defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events. Although the risks apply to any organisation in business it is of particular relevance to the banking regime where regulators are responsible for establishing safeguards to protect against systemic failure of the banking system and the economy. The Basel II definition includes legal risk, but excludes strategic risk: i.e. the risk of a loss arising from a poor strategic business decision. This definition also excludes reputational risk (damage to an organisation through loss of its reputation or standing) although it is understood that a significant but non-catastrophic operational loss could still affect its reputation possibly leading to a further collapse of its business and organisational failure.
Operational risk management In business, the term operational risk management (ORM) is the oversight of many forms of day-to-day operational risk including the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events. Operational risk does not include market risk or credit risk.
Operational Security Systems Operational Security Systems, Inc., also commonly referred to as OSS, is a small private company based in Atlanta, Georgia, specializing in the planning, design, installation, and maintenance of electronic security systems.
Operational Studies Group Operational Studies Group, also known as OSG, is a publisher of tabletop wargames mostly devoted to the wars of Napoleon I. Some of their more notable games include Napoleon at Leipzig, Napoleon at Bay and Bonaparte in Italy.
Operational Support Facility An Operational Support Facility (or OSF) is an organization within the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that modifies software and/or special purpose databases for Air Traffic Control systems. Each FAA Air Traffic Control site has a computer system that interfaces with the radar system as well as other Air Traffic systems.
Operational transformation Operational transformation (OT) is special concurrency control method that has been continuously researched in the context of group editing, which is a classic topic of research in CSCW. OT typically replicates the shared document at all sites and allows any user to edit any part of the document at any time.
Operationally Ready Date When Singaporean males finish their compulsory 24 month (or 22 month if they achieve a good result in a NAPFA fitness test before enlistment), they will transit into the second phase of national service, as Operationally Ready National Servicemen (NSmen), i.e.
Operations architecture Operations architecture allows the ongoing support and management of an enterprise IT services infrastructure. The IT infrastructure of an enterprise will typically comprise many different systems and platforms, often in different geographic locations.
Operations Evaluation Department The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) (previously known as the Operations Evaluation Department (OED)) is an independent unit within the World Bank that reports directly to the Bank's Board of Executive Directors. IEG assesses what works, and what does not; how a borrower plans to run and maintain a project; and the lasting contribution of the Bank to a country's overall development.
Operations management Operations management is an area of business that is concerned with the production of goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient and effective. It is also the management of resources and the distribution of goods and services to customers.
Operations Magazine Operations Magazine provides Multi-Man Publishing its own "house organ" for articles and discussion of its wargaming products. The first issue was produced in the summer of 1991 by The Gamers and was printed regularly until The Gamers were taken over by MMP.
Operations Optimization Operations optimization, referred to as Logistics and transportation activities within supply chains can use optimization techniques to improve load efficiency and reduce costs of transportation by better capacity utilization of fleet.
Operations research Operations Research, or simply OR is an interdisciplinary science which deploys scientific methods like mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms to decision making in complex real-world problems which are concerned with coordination and execution of the operations within an organization. The nature of organization is essentially immaterial.
Operations Reckless and Persecution Operation Reckless and Operation Persecution, April 21-April 27, 1944, also known as the invasion of Hollandia, the Hollandia landings and the Battle of Hollandia, were Allied amphibious landings which commenced the Western New Guinea campaign. The U.
Operations security (OPSEC) Operations security (OPSEC) is an analytic process used to deny an adversary information - generally unclassified - concerning friendly intentions and capabilities by identifying, controlling, and protecting indicators associated with planning processes or operations. OPSEC does not replace other security disciplines - it supplements them.
Operations Support Squadron In the United States Air Force, an operations support squadron supplies all the necessary manpower and equipment needed to continue numerous operational tasks. An operations support squadron may dictate policy, train aircrews, and maintain airfields based on the missions of the units it supports.
Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association The Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association (OPCMIA) of the United States and Canada is a labor union that represents plasterers and cement masons in the construction industry in North America. Union members finish interior walls and ceilings of buildings and apply plaster on masonry, metal, and wire lath or gypsum.
Operative temperature In the study of human thermal comfort, the operative temperature is one of several parameters devised to measure the air's cooling effect upon a human body. It is equal to the dry-bulb temperature at which a specified hypothetical environment would support the same heat loss from an unclothed, reclining human body as the actual environment.
Operator (Ghost in the Shell) An Operator is a fictional operator in Masamune Shirow's Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex series. The operators are an advanced line of gynoids designed to handle the day-to-day matters within Public Security Section 9 as well to assist its personnel in their missions, and wear office lady-style suits.
Operator (programming) Programming languages generally have a set of operators that are similar to operators in mathematics: they are somehow special functions. In addition to arithmetic operations they often perform boolean operations on truth values and string operations on strings of text.
Operator (The Matrix) The Operator on a Zion hovercraft is the online guide and resource crewmember for other crewmembers while they are jacked in (connected) to the Matrix, a virtual computer-generated world set in the end of the 20th Century. Each hovercraft has an Operator.
Operator algebra In functional analysis, an operator algebra is an algebra of continuous linear operators on a topological vector space (such as a Banach space), which is typically required to be closed in a specified operator topology. In particular, it is a set of operators with both algebraic and topological closure properties.
Operator assistance An operator-assisted call is one in which the calling party places a telephone call where it is necessary to have the operator provide some form of assistance in completing the call. This includes telephone calls made from some pay phones, calls placed station-to-station, person-to-person, collect, calls billed to a credit card, and certain international calls which cannot be dialed directly.
Operator Grammar Operator Grammar is a mathematical theory of human language that explains how language carries information. This theory is the culmination of the life work of Zellig Harris, with major publications toward the end of the last century.
Operator logo An operator logo is a logo which appears on the status screen of a mobile phone. Originally intended as a way for phone companies to brand phones attached to their networks, the operator logo has since become a method by which owners may customise their phones to reflect their own interests.
Operator norm In mathematics, the operator norm is a means to measure the "size" of certain linear operators. Formally, it is a norm defined on the space of bounded linear operators between two given normed vector spaces.
Operator overloading In computer programming, operator overloading (less commonly known as operator ad-hoc polymorphism) is a specific case of polymorphism in which some or all of operators like +, =, or == have different implementations depending on the types of their arguments. Sometimes the overloadings are defined by the language, sometimes the programmer can implement support for new types.
Operator theory In mathematics, operator theory is the branch of functional analysis which deals with bounded linear operators and their properties. It can be split crudely into two branches, although there is considerable overlap and interplay between them.
Operator-precedence parser An operator precedence parser is a computer program that interprets an operator-precedence grammar. For example, most calculators use operator precedence parsers to convert from infix notation with order of operations (the usual format humans use for mathematical expressions) into a different format they use internally to compute the result.
Operatunity Operatunity was a talent search— and Michael Waldman's film that documented it— in which the English National Opera conducted a nationwide search to find someone in the United Kingdom without professional opera experience, who could be coached to sing in a staged opera— Verdi's Rigoletto in the event— on the stage of London's Coliseum Theatre in the company of world-class performers, part of the ENO's regular season.
Operatunity Oz Operatunity Oz was a talent search, and accompanying four-part television documentary by Simon Target, in which Opera Australia conducted a nationwide search to find someone in Australia without professional opera experience, who could be coached to sing in a staged opera — Verdi's Rigoletto in the event — on the stage of the Sydney Opera House in the company of professional performers, as part of Opera Australia's regular season.
Operculum (brain) The operculum is partly in the most posterior portion of the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe in the brain. One famous part of the operculum is Broca's area which plays an important role in conversation or speech production, reading and writing.
Operculum (gastropod) The operculum (plural : opercula or operculums) of gastropods is a corneous plate at the opening of the shell, attached dorsally to the foot. This fingernail-like structure seals the aperture, serving as a cover against predators when the snail body is retracted.
Operetta Operetta (literally, "little opera") is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. Often some of the libretto is spoken rather than sung (but this is true of some operas as well).
Opernball (film) Opernball is a 1998 made-for-TV movie by Urs Egger based on a 1995 novel by Austrian writer Josef Haslinger in which thousands of people are killed in a Neo-Nazi terrorist attack taking place during the Vienna Opera Ball. The film starred Heiner Lauterbach, Franka Potente, Caroline Goodall, Gudrun Landgrebe, and Désirée Nosbusch.
Opernball (novel) Opernball is a 1995 novel by Austrian writer Josef Haslinger in which thousands of people are killed in a Neo-Nazi terrorist attack taking place during that society event. The novel was the basis of a 1998 made-for-TV movie by Urs Egger with the same title.
Opernhaus DĂĽsseldorf Opernhaus DĂĽsseldorf (DĂĽsseldorf Opera House) is located in DĂĽsseldorf, Germany and is one of two opera houses where performances are given by the Deutsche Oper am Rhein. The other is the Theater Duisburg in Duisburg.
Operon An operon is a group of key nucleotide sequences including an operator, a common promoter, and one or more structural genes that are controlled as a unit to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). Operons occur primarily in prokaryotes and nematodes.
OperServ OperServ is a component of most IRC services packages used to help administer an Internet Relay Chat network. It provides IRC operators with functions to help monitor and maintain the network, manage the other services, and deal with problematic users.
Opfer der Vergangenheit Opfer der Vergangenheit (Victims of the Past) was a Nazi propaganda film made in 1937. This movie was a sequel to Erbkrank (Hereditarily Ill), which showed horrific images of lunatics in German asylums in order to bolster public support for the planned euthanasia policy for the mentally ill.
Ophaboom Theatre Company The Ophaboom Theatre Company was founded in 1991 by Geoff Beale and Howard Gayton. Based in London, England, the company specializes in creating and performing contemporary works in the Italian Commedia dell'Arte tradition.
Ophan An ophan (plural Ophanin, Ophannin or Ophanim) is one of a class of celestial beings described in the Book of EnochEnoch 61:10, 71:7 with the Cherubim and Seraphim as never sleeping, but watching (or guarding) the throne of God.
Ophel Ophel, meaning hill/mound is the name of the the long, narrow, rounded promontory beyond the southern edge of the Temple Mount in East Jerusalem, with the Tyropoeon Valley (valley of the cheesemakers) on its west, the Hinnom valley to the south, and the Kidron Valley on the east. The previously deep valley (the Tyropoeon) separating Ophel from what is now referred to as the Old City of Jerusalem currently lies hidden beneath the accumulated debris of centuries.
Ophelia (painting) Ophelia is a painting by John Everett Millais, completed in 1852. It depicts the character from Shakespeare's play Hamlet singing while floating in a river just before her death by drowning, as described in the play in a famous speech by Hamlet's mother Gertrude.
Opheodrys aestivus The Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus) is a non-venomous North American snake. It is sometimes Grass Snake or Green Grass Snake, but these names are more commonly applied to the Smooth Green Snake, Opheodrys vernalis.
Ophidian 2350 Ophidian: 2350 is a collectible card game (CCG) created by Ophidian Games and Fleer. It uses a revolutionary system called the Flow to replace the normal turn-based system typically used in other games in this genre.
Ophidiasteridae Ophidiasteridae (Greek ophidia, Οφιδια, "of snakes", diminutive form) is a Family of sea stars with 31 genera. Occurring both in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans, ophidiasterids are greatest in diversity in the Indo-Pacific.
Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossaceae is a family of ferns, currently thought to be most closely related to Psilotaceae, the two together comprising the class Psilotopsida as the sibling group to the rest of the ferns. The number of genera included in the family varies between different authors' treatments, and most conservatively the family is treated as containing three genera, Ophioglossum, Botrychium, and Helminthostachys (placed in three separate families in some other treatments).
Ophioglossum Ophioglossum (adder's-tongue) is a genus of about 25-30 species of Ophioglossales in the family Ophioglossaceae, with a cosmopolitan but primarily tropical and subtropical distribution. The name Ophioglossum comes form the Greek, and means "snake-tongue".
Ophioglossum azoricum The small adder's-tongue (Ophioglossum azoricum) is a small vascular plant of the genus Ophioglossum, native to islands in the northern Atlantic Ocean and adjacent westernmost Europe from the Azores north to western France, the British Isles and Iceland.
Ophioglossum vulgatum Ophioglossum vulgatum, commonly known as the Southern adderstongue, is a species of the plant genus Ophioglossum. It is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with a scattered distribution in Europe, Asia, northwestern Africa, and eastern North America.
Ophiolites Ophiolites are sections of the oceanic crust and the subjacent upper mantle that have been uplifted or emplaced to be exposed within continental crustal rocks. Ophio is greek for "snake", lite means "stone".
Ophiology Ophiology (Greek ophis = "snake" + logy = "study") is a branch of herpetology, the study of reptiles and amphibians, and deals with the scientific study of snakes, including the natural history and behavior of the animals. An individual who studies snakes is known as an ophiologist.
Ophiophagy Ophiophagy ("snake eating") is a specialized form of feeding or alimentary behavior of animals which hunt and eat snakes. There are ophiophagous mammals (such as the skunks and the mongooses), birds (such as snake eagles, the Secretary Bird, and some hawks), lizards (such as Crotaphytus collaris), and even other snakes, such as the Central and South American mussuranas and the North American Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula).
Ophiophilia Ophiophilia is a paraphilia, or fetish, for snakes. An ophiophiliac may feel attracted to many aspects of snakes, including their scales, venom, fangs, tongues, the smoothness of snakeskin and the movements of the snakes.
Ophir Ophir () is a port or region mentioned in the Bible, famous for its wealth. King Solomon is supposed to have received a cargo of gold, silver, sandalwood, precious stones, ivory, apes and peacocks from Ophir, every three years.
Ophir Finkelthal Ophir Finkelthal is a former entertainment and technology executive who is now practicing law. Noted for his work with the artist management company that handled [Rotten|Johnny Rotten], Finkelthal was instrumental helping revive Rotten's career by championing Rotten's participation in a nationally syndicated radio program, [Gimarc|"Rotten Day"], that later evolved into a television series for
Ophir Pines-Paz Ophir Pines-Paz () (born July 11, 1961) is an Israeli Knesset member and a former Labour Party Minister. In December 2004, he topped a party poll for ministerial positions in the forthcoming coalition with the Likudist government and on January 10, 2005 was appointed as Interior Minister, a position he resigned on November 2006, with the approval of Avigdor Lieberman.
Ophir Road Ophir Road (Chinese: 奥非路) is a road that starts after the junction of Sungei Road and Jalan Besar and ends after the Ophir Flyover leading towards East Coast Parkway to Ayer Rajah Expressway or Singapore Changi Airport. The road is located within the planning areas of Kallang, Downtown Core and Rochor.
Ophir, New Zealand Ophir is a small town in Central Otago, New Zealand, located between Alexandra and Ranfurly beside the Manuherikia River. Originally known as Blacks, when gold was discovered in Central Otago in 1863 the town's population grew to over 1000 as it became the commercial and social centre of the district.
Ophiuchus Ophiuchus (), sometimes referred to as Serpentarius (), both meaning "serpent-holder", is one of the 88 constellations, and was also one of the 48 listed by Ptolemy. It is a large constellation located in the southern hemisphere near the center of the Milky Way, between Scorpius to the west and Sagittarius to the east.
Ophthalmia neonatorum Ophthalmia neonatorum is a form of bacterial conjunctivitis contracted by newborns during delivery. The baby's eyes are contaminated during passage through the birth canal from a mother infected with either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis.
Ophthalmic acid Ophthalmic acid: A peptide, also known as ophthalmate (chemically L-gamma-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrylglycine)is an analogue of glutathione in which the cysteine moiety is replaced by L-2-aminobutyrate. It was first discovered and isolated from calf lens (Waley, S.
Ophthalmic medical practitioner An ophthalmic medical practitioner is a registered medical practitioner in the UK with a qualification in ophthalmology who is employed to carry out medical eye examinations and prescribe glasses or contact lenses. In order to work as an ophthalmic medical practitioner a doctor must be on the Central List of the Ophthalmic Qualifications Committee at the Royal College of Ophthalmologists.
Ophthalmology Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways, including the eye and brain. The word ophthalmology comes from the Greek roots ophthalmos meaning eye and logos meaning word; ophthalmology literally means "The science of eyes.
Ophthalmosaurus Ophthalmosaurus (meaning “eye lizard” in Greek) was an ichthyosaur of the Late Jurassic period (165 to 150 million years ago), named for its extremely large eyes. It had a graceful 6 meter long dolphin-shaped body, and its almost toothless jaw was apparently adapted for catching squid and fish.
Opiate dependency Opiate dependence is a medical diagnosis characterized by an individual's inability to stop using opioids even when objectively in his or her best interest to do so. Some feel that this is a physical and psychological condition that develops from the long term use (more often abuse) of naturally occurring opiates such as morphine or codeine or synthetically derived opiates (opioids) such as Demerol or oxycodone.
Opiate replacement therapy Opiate Replacement Therapy (ORT) is the medical procedure of replacing an illegal opiate drug such as heroin with a longer acting but less euphoric opiate such as methadone or buprenorphine. Drugs such as buprenorphine are manufactured in pill form with the opiate antagonist Naloxone to prevent addicts from crushing the tablets and injecting them instead of taking them sublingually (under the tongue).
Opie and Anthony's Traveling Virus Comedy Tour The Opie and Anthony Traveling Virus is the comedy event of 2006 concert tour between comedians featured on the Opie and Anthony show on XM Satellite Radio and CBS Radio. It is scheduled to return in the summer of 2007.
Opifer OPIFER is a psychoanalytic association founded in Italy on November 4, 1996, now counting about 150 members. They follow various orientations, and OPIFER is perhaps the only psychoanalytic association in Europe wherein Freudian, Neofreudian, Kleinian, relational, interpersonal, and even Lacanian or Jungian analysts actually coexist and discuss together, all of them aiming at encouraging a pluralistic approach, which welcomes the dialogue among different positions and rejects any dogmatic attitude.
Opiliones The Phalangids (legacy name) or Opiliones (better known as "harvestmen") are eight-legged invertebrate animals belonging to the order Opiliones in the class Arachnida, in the subphylum Chelicerata of the phylum Arthropoda. As of 2005, over 6,300 species of Phalangids have been described worldwide.
Opines Opines are low molecular weight compounds found in plant crown gall tumors produced by the parasitic bacterium Agrobacterium. Opine biosynthesis is catalyzed by specific enzymes encoded by genes contained in a small segment of DNA (known as the T-DNA, for 'transfer DNA') inserted by the bacterium in the plant genome.
Opinio juris sive necessitatis Opinio juris sive necessitatis or Opinio juris (loosely translated into English as "opinion of justice") is the belief that a behavior was done because it was a legal obligation. This is in contrast to a behavior being the result of different cognitive reaction, or behaviors that were habitual to the individual.
Opinion (song) "Opinion" is a song by Kurt Cobain, lead singer and guitarist of the American rock band, Nirvana. It is survived by only one known version: a solo acoustic rendition performed live on an Olympia, Washington college radio show on September 25, 1990.
Opinion leadership Opinion leadership is a concept that arose out of the theory of two-step flow of communication propounded by Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz. This theory is one of several models that try to explain the diffusion of innovations, ideas, or commercial products.
Opinion poll Opinion polls are surveys of opinion using sampling. They are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by asking a small number of people a series of questions and then extrapolating the answers to the larger group.
Opinion polling for the 2004 Canadian election Note: the Bloc Québécois runs candidates only in Québec, so its Canada-wide poll percentage is not very meaningful. Therefore the relevant poll numbers isolated for Québec only are also shown, if available.
Opinion polling in the 40th Canadian federal election On January 23rd, 2006, more than 65% of eligible Canadian voters went to the polls to cast their vote in the Canada's 39th General Federal Election. The Conservatives received the most votes, with 36% of the vote and 124 seats (now 125 from the switch of Liberal MP David Emerson).
Opinion polling in the Canadian federal election, 2006 Opinion polling in the Canadian federal election of 2006 (held on 23 January 2006) showed a long period of variable support for the governing Liberal Party of Canada and opposition Conservative Party of Canada. Prior to and throughout much of the campaign, the Liberals held a small lead over the Conservatives; as of early January 2006, the Conservatives had taken the lead.
Opinion Research Corporation Opinion Research Corporation (NASDAQ: ORCI), based in Princeton, New Jersey, is a demographic, health, and market research company. It was founded in 1938 by Claude Robinson and George Gallup, although Gallup quickly left the firm in 1939.
Opioid agonist treatment Opioid Agonist Treatment, or OAT, refers to the treatment of a narcotics addiction in humans via the administration of similar opioid drugs, agonists, and the resultant cross tolerance and physical dependence. Methadone and Bupernorphine are the most common drugs used in agonist treatment.
Opioid peptide Opioid Peptides are short sequences of amino acids which mimic the effect of opiates in the brain. Opioid peptides may be produced by the body itself, for example endorphins, or be absorbed from partially digested food (casomorphins, exorphins and rubiscolins).
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia Opioid-induced hyperalgesiaAngst, MS & Clark, DJ: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: A qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology 2006; 104:570–87 or opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivityMao J: Opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity: Implications in clinical opioid therapy.
Opis Opis (Akkadian UpĂ® or Upija) was an ancient Babylonian city on the Tigris, not far from modern Baghdad. The precise location of Opis has not been established, but from the Akkadian and Greek texts, it was located on the east bank of the Tigris, near the Diyala River.
Opisthocoelicaudia Opisthocoelicaudia (from Greek opisthe [back], koilos [hollow], and Latin cauda [tail], meaning posterior cavity tail) was a 39 foot-long (12 meter) sauropod of the Late Cretaceous Period discovered in Mongolia in 1965 by Polish and Mongolian scientists in the Gobi Desert (in the Cretaceous, Mongolia wasn't all desert: it also had lush jungles and murky marshes, which Opisthocoelocaudia might have waded in). It was described and named in 1977 by Borsuk-Bialynicka as a new type of camarasaur, but studies such as Salgado and Coria (1993) find it to be a saltasaurid titanosaur instead.
Opisthodon Opisthodon is a small genus of Limnodynastine frogs with only two species. Until a major revision in 2006 these two species were classified in the genus Limnodynastes but were removed to this resurrected genus to render monophyletic genera
Opisthotonus The words Opisthotonos or opisthotonus stem from the Greek language, opistho for behind and tonos for tension. Opisthotonus is seen as a severe hyperextension and spastic tendency in which the individual enters a complete "bridging" or "arching" position with the head, neck and spinal column arching backward in extreme extension..
Opistognathidae Opistognathidae (opisto = "behind", gnath = "mouth"), commonly referred to as jawfishes, are classified within Order Perciformes, Suborder Percoidei. They are found throughout shallow reef areas of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Opium of the People "Religion is the opium of the people" (translated from the German "Die Religion ... ist das Opium des Volkes") is one of the most frequently quoted (and sometimes misquoted as "opiate of the people") statements of Karl Marx, from the introduction of his 1843 work Contribution to Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right which was actually subsequently released one year later in Marx's own journal Deutsch-Französischen Jahrbücher—a collaboration with Arnold Ruge.
Opium poppy The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the type of poppy from which opium and all refined opiates such as morphine (up to 20%), thebaine (5%), codeine (1%), papaverine (1%), and narcotine (5-8%) are naturally present and extracted from the poppy.
Opium replacement "Opium replacement" simply means the process of replacing the opium poppy, the source of morphine and heroin, with non-drug crops. This kind of project was probably first discussed in the mid-sixties, and was first implemented in northern Thailand, by Thailand's King, Bhumibol Adulyadej, in 1969.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.