Encyclopedia

Oplan HACKLE Oplan HACKLE is a supposed plot by rebel soldiers in the Philippines to overthrow the Arroyo administration, foiled by the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) on February 24, 2006 (see Philippines under state of emergency, 2006). Allegedly, the four-phase plot included a mass jailbreak of Magdalo mutineers and the unfolding of anti-government posters during a Philippine Military Academy reunion.
Oplosaurus Oplosaurus (meaning "armed or weapon lizard" or "armoured lizard"; see below for discussion) was a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Barremian-age Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, England. It is known from a single tooth usually referred to the contemporaneous "wastebasket taxon" Pelorosaurus, although there is no solid evidence for this.
Opłatek Opłatek - (plural: opłatki; ; ) is an Eastern European Roman Catholic Christmas tradition celebrated in Polish, Slovak, Lithuanian and Italian families during Wigilia (Christmas Eve Vigil). Family members and friends break off a small piece of the large, thin, rectangular opłatek wafer and give it to one another along with a blessing.
OpoÄŤno Castle The OpoÄŤno Castle is a complex of buildings in renaissance style built for TrÄŤka of LĂ­pa on the location of a former gothic castle. A representative renaissance seat of the TrÄŤkas of LĂ­pa, it was built between 1560 and 1569.
Opodeldoc Opodeldoc is a name given by the physician Paracelsus to a sort of liniment which he invented, or at least bestowed this name on. Paracelsus's opodeldoc was a mixture of soap in alcohol, to which camphor and sometimes a number of herbal essences, most notably wormwood, were added.
Opodiphthera eucalypti The Emperor Gum Moth (Opodiphthera eucalypti) is a species of moth native to Australia, and can be easily found in all the states except for Western Australia, South Australia and Tasmania. They are also found as an introduced species in the North Island of New Zealand.
Opoku Ware I Katakyie Opoku Ware I (1700-1750) was an Okoyo king or Asantehene - the ruler of the Ashanti - in the now-disbanded Ashanti Confederacy which occupied parts of what is now Ghana. He is credited with being the "empire builder" of the Ashanti Confederacy married and had two children named Adusei Atwenewa and Adusei Kra.
Opole County Opole County () is a powiat (county) in Poland, in Opole Voivodeship. The county seat is the town of Opole and the powiat includes the area around it, but not the city itself which forms its own separate urban powiat.
Opole Voivodeship Opole Voivodeship () is a Polish administrative region created January 1, 1999, out of the former Opole voivodeship and parts of Częstochowa Voivodeship, pursuant to the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998. The voivodeship's name comes from that of the region's largest city.
Opoponax Opopanax chironium also known as "sweet myrrh" or "bisabol myrrh," this herb grows one to three feet high and produces a large, yellow flower. The plant thrives in warm climates like Iran, Italy, Greece, Turkey and Somalia, but also grows in cooler climates.
Oporto (restaurant) Oporto is an Australian-based fast-food franchise which specializes in Portuguese style chicken (properly known as Galinha Ă  Africana), burgers and spicy chili sauce. Oporto has more than 85 stores across Australia and New Zealand and was named the fastest growing franchise in Australia in January 2005 by Business Review Weekly.
Oporto Cathedral The Oporto Cathedral (Portuguese: SĂ© do Porto), located in the historical centre of the city of Porto, Portugal, is one of the city's oldest monuments and one of the most important Romanesque monuments in Portugal
Oportunidades Oportunidades (English: Opportunities) is a government social assistance program in Mexico founded in 1997. Paying for Better Parenting - New York Times Accessed 12/07/06 It is designed to target poverty by providing cash payments to families in exchange for regular school attendance, health clinic visits, and nutritional support.
Opothleyahola Opothleyahola, also spelled Opothle Yohola, Opothleyoholo, Hu-pui-hilth Yahola, and Hopoeitheyohola, (about 1798 – March 27, 1863) was a Muscogee Creek Indian chief, noted as a brilliant orator and spokesperson of the Upper Creek Council. He fought against the United States government during the first two Seminole Wars, and then for the Union during the American Civil War.
Oppai Slider 2 (波动少女2) is a Japanese 3D sex simulator developed by Illusion Soft. It features three girls of different tempraments and willingness who the player tries to make aroused and ready for sex through the use of various objects and manipulation of erogenous zones.
Oppana Oppana (Malayalam:ഒപ്പന) is a popular form of social entertainment among the Muslim community of Kerala, south India, prevalent all over, especially in the northern districts of Kannur, Calicut and Malappuram.
Oppau explosion The Oppau explosion occurred on September 21 1921 when a tower silo storing 4500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a BASF plant in Oppau, now part of Ludwigshafen, Germany, killing 500–600 people and injuring about 2000 more.
Oppède Oppède is a commune of the Vaucluse département in the south of France. It is in fact two villages: Oppède-le-Vieux ("the old" in French), built against the Petit Luberon and dating back to the 12th century, and Oppède-les-Poulivets ("nice view" in Provençal), today known as "le village", down in the valley.
Oppenheim Oppenheim is a small town (about 7000 inhabitants) on the Upper Rhine (Rheinhessen), between Mainz and Worms. It is in the county of Mainz-Bingen in Rheinland-Pfalz and belongs to the Nierstein-Oppenheim Verbandsgemeinde (an administrative unit).
Oppenheim conjecture In mathematics, the Oppenheim conjecture is a question posed about real quadratic forms, in the area of diophantine approximation. It was finally settled in 1986, positively, by work of Grigory Margulis, half a century after it had been posed initially, and after many contributions by others.
Oppenheimer Baronets The Oppenheimer Baronetcy, of Stoke Poges in the County of Buckingham, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 18 January 1921 for the businessman Bernard Oppenheimer, Chairman of the South African Diamond Corporation.
OppenheimerFunds OppenheimerFunds is one of the largest asset management companies in the US with more than $235 billion of assets under management as of 12/31/06. The Company's primary business is the management of mutual funds; it manages over 65 funds with more than six million shareholder accounts.
Oppera Oppera is the name of a rock band fronted by pop singer Martika and musician Michael Mozart. Martika, for whom major success came about primarily between 1988 and 1991, has long maintained a devoted base of fans despite being out of the public eye.
Oppikoppi Oppikoppi is the name of a music festival held in the North West Province of South Africa, near the mining town of Northam. The festival started off focussing on rock music, but gradually added more genres and now plays host to a complete mixed bag of genres.
Oppland Regiment The Oppland Regiment, a Norwegian infantry regiment, was formed in 1657 and stationed at Elverum. The area of population east of the river Leiret (literally the camp) adjacent to Christiansfjell Fortress was built up by the garrison and supporting merchants and craftsmen, who settled nearby.
Oppolzer (crater) Oppolzer is the remnant of a lunar crater that is located on the southern edge of Sinus Medii, along the meridian of the Moon. It is located within one crater diameter of the origin of the selenographic coordinate system at 0° N, 0° W.
Opponent process The opponent process is a color theory that states that the human visual system interprets information about color by processing signals from cones in an antagonistic manner. The three types of cones have some overlap in the wavelengths of light to which they respond, so it is more efficient for the visual system to record differences between the responses of cones, rather than each type of cone's individual response.
Opponent-process theory Opponent-process theory is a psychological model proposed by Richard Solomon in 1980 to account for addictive behavior. It asserts that emotions are paired, and that when one emotion in a pair is experienced, the other is suppressed.
Opponents batting average In baseball statistics, opponents batting average (denoted by AVG) is a statistic that measures a pitcher's ability to prevent hits; calculated from players' at bats against a particular pitcher and adjusted for base runners put out while stealing or attempting extra bases; calculated as: (base hits by opponents) / [(innings pitched x 3) + (base hits by opponents)].
Opportunistic encryption Opportunistic Encryption (OE) allows for "encryption for secure communication without any pre-arrangement specific to the pair of systems involved." Or in general terms, "I'd like to talk to Bob, with encryption if available".
Opportunistic infection Opportunistic infections are infections caused by organisms that usually do not cause disease in a person with a healthy immune system, but can affect people with a poorly functioning or suppressed immune system. They need an "opportunity" to infect a person.
Opportunities In Emergency Care The Opportunities in Emergency Care (OEC) program offered at Spring Lake Park High School, in Spring Lake Park, Minnesota, offers high school students the opportunity to earn certifications in BLS Provider CPR, First Responder, CPR Instructor and as NREMT-certified Emergency Medical Technicians.
Opportunity Asset Management Opportunity Asset Management (OAM) was founded in 1994 as a non-financial company, with the purpose of operating exclusively as an asset manager. The organization of the company with a sole operating purpose was only the first step toward implementation of a standard for asset management in Brazil, teaming up investment managers with broad experience and success.
Opportunity cost In economics, opportunity cost, or economic cost, is the cost of something in terms of an opportunity forgone (and the benefits that could be received from that opportunity), or the most valuable forgone alternative (or highest-valued option forgone), i.e.
Opportunity Knocks (film) Opportunity Knocks is a 1990 comedy film, starring Dana Carvey as a Chicago con man who assumes the identity of a wealthy businessman while he is on vacation, and ends up falling in love with the man's fiancée, a nurse.
Opportunity rover MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover - B), known as Opportunity, is the second of the two rovers of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission. SheMission members decided to reference both rovers using the feminine gender.
Opportunity school The Opportunity School is an alternative school providing educational services to students who are dropouts or described as being likely to drop out of school. It is directed toward identifying and providing services to those students who have common difficulties like Dislike to schools, high absenteeism, behavior problems, frequent suspensions, substance use or abuse, juvenile court involvement and frequently a lack of family and social supports are admitted to this kind of schools.
Opportunity structures Opportunity Structures, in sociology and related social science disciplines, are exogenous factors which limit or empower collective actors (social movements). In explaining the evolution of social movements, the structuralist approach emphasizes that factors external to the movements themselves, such as the level and type of state repression, or the group's access to political institutions, shape the developement of the movement; such factors are called opportunity structures.
Opportunity Youth Opportunity Youth is a Youth organization that is based in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Its main aim is to provide information related to such articles as Sex, HIV/AIDS, Contraception, Teenage parenting, Alcohol and many other topics.
Opposed piston engine An opposed piston engine is one in which the cylinders are double-ended, with a piston at each end and no cylinder head. Some variations of the Opposed Piston or OP designs can use a single crankshaft like the Doxfordship engines
Opposing forces in the Polish September Campaign Germany and Poland were the main opposing forces in the Polish September Campaign. Tactics and military hardware used in the Invasion of Poland varied between the two sides; The German economy was geared toward military production which supplied their armed forces with equipment that was often superior to their Polish counterparts.
Opposing Viewpoints series The Opposing Viewpoints Series is a series of books on current issues which seeks to explore the varying opinions in a balanced pro/con debate. The series attempts to encourage critical thinking and issue awareness by providing opposing views on contentious issues.
Opposite colored bishops endgame The opposite colored bishops endgame is a chess endgame in which each side has a single bishop, but the bishops reside on opposite colored squares on the chessboard, thus can not attack or block each other. Without other pieces (but with pawns) these endings are notorious for their intendancy to result in a draw.
Opposite field Opposite field is a baseball term that refers to the area of the outfield that faces the hitter, which would be right field for a right-hander and left field for a left-hander. A hitter is said to hit to "all fields" if he or she hits the ball consistently to left, right, and center fields.
Opposite lock Opposite lock is a colloquial term used to mean the deliberate use of oversteer to turn a vehicle rapidly without losing momentum. It is typified by the classic rallying style of rear-wheel drive cars, where a car appears to travel around a tight bend sideways.
Opposite Sex (TV series) Opposite Sex was a short-lived television series that aired during FOX's summer 2000 schedule. It centered around Jed (Milo Ventimiglia), a teenager who has just moved to California with his widowed father and brother.
Opposition (astronomy) Opposition is a term used in positional astronomy and astrology to indicate when one celestial body is on the opposite side of the sky when viewed from a particular place (usually the Earth). In particular, two planets are in opposition to each other when their ecliptic longitudes differ by 180°.
Opposition (Australia) The Opposition in Australia fulfils the same function as the official opposition in other Commonwealth of Nations monarchies. It is seen as the alternative government and the existing administration's main opponent at a general election.
Opposition (chess) The opposition — when two kings face each other on a rank or file, with only one square in between, the side with the move may have to move the king away. This allows the opposing king access to important squares.
Opposition (Malaysia) The Opposition in Malaysia is a term used to describe political parties represented in the Parliament of Malaysia that is not in government either on its own or as part of a governing coalition. Note that this article uses the term government as it is used in Parliamentary systems, i.
Opposition (parliamentary) Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government, particularly in a Westminster-based parliamentary system. Note that this article uses the term government as it is used in Parliamentary systems, i.
Opposition (politics) In politics, the opposition is one or more political parties or other organized groups opposed to the government, party or group in political control of an area, county, state, nation or country. See, for example, Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition.
Opposition at home to the Japanese government (WWII) Despite the apparently "monolithic" national consensus on the official aggressive policies pursued by the Japanese government, some local political opposition did exist in Japan of the later 1930s and early 1940s.
Opposition day An opposition day is a day in a legislature using the Westminster System in which an opposition party sets the agenda. Most days the parliamentary agenda is set by the government, opposition days allow the smaller parties to choose the subject for debate.
Opposition Democratic Coalition The Opposition Democratic Coalition (Portuguese: Coligaçao Democrático da Oposiçao) is a political party in São Tomé and Príncipe. At the last legislative elections, 3 March 2002, the party joined the Uê Kédadji alliance, that won 16.
Opposition effect The opposition effect (also opposition spike, or opposition surge) is the brightening of a rough surface, or an object with many particles, when illuminated from directly behind the observer. It is so named because the reflected light from the Moon and Mars appears significantly brighter than predicted when at astronomical opposition, giving rise to an opposition spike.
Opposition Front Bench (Ireland) The Opposition Front Bench in the Republic of Ireland is a group of senior parliamentary opposition Teachtaí Dála who together under the leadership of the Leader of the Opposition form an alternative cabinet to the government's. These members are assigned a particular portfolio and mark each individual member of the government.
Opposition procedure before the European Patent Office The opposition procedure before the European Patent Office (EPO) is a post-grant, contentious, inter partes, administrative procedure intended to allow any European patent to be centrally opposed if it was allegedly wrongly granted. European patents granted by the EPO under the European Patent Convention (EPC) may be opposed by any person from the public (no commercial or other interest whatsoever need be shown).
Opposition Party (United States) The Opposition Party represented a brief but significant transitional period in American politics from approximately 1854 to 1858. For the preceding 80 years, one of the major political issues had been the battle between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States, which had been fought more on the basis of regional and class affiliations than strictly along party lines.
Opposition Spokesperson on Finance (Ireland) The Opposition Spokesperson on Finance in the Republic of Ireland's parliamentary system is the member of the 'official' Opposition Front Bench who is primarily responsible for marking the Minister for Finance. This, as with the role of Minister for Finance itself, is one of the most important and demanding portfolios in the Opposition.
Opposition Spokesperson on Foreign Affairs (Ireland) The Opposition Spokesperson on Foreign Affairs in the Republic of Ireland's parliamentary system is the member of the 'official' Opposition Front Bench who is primarily responsible for marking the Minister for Foreign Affairs. This, as with the role of Minister for Foreign Affairs itself, is one of the most important and demanding portfolios in the Opposition.
Opposition to cults and new religious movements Opposition to cults and new religious movements (NRMs) comes from several sources with diverse concerns. Most of the opposition are cult watchers that collect and publish critical information about one or several groups they consider cults.
Opposition to Fidel Castro The Opposition to Fidel Castro's Cuban government is largely unofficial and illegal within Cuba. No political parties are able to campaign on island, and elections in Cuba take place within the framework of a socialist republic, where representatives are elected by referendum on an individual basis.
Opposition to immigration Immigration in the modern sense refers to movement of people from one nation-state to another, where they are not citizens. Opposition to immigration is present in most nation-states with immigration, and has become a significant political issue in many developed countries, although it can be just as strong in others.
Opposition to Roosevelt Franklin Roosevelt had many supporters and nobody can deny that he made a great effort into bringing America back on its feet. However like every American president he also had many opponents who questioned every move he made.
Opposition to the 2001 Afghanistan War Opposition to the 2001 Afghanistan War consisted of tens to a hundred thousand protestors in the United States and the United Kingdom. Opposition was organized by a number of groups, including the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan and internationally in the form of protests by various anti-war organisations who would go on to organise much larger protests against the 2003 Iraq War.
Opposition to the American Civil War Popular opposition to the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865, was widespread. Although there had been many attempts at compromise prior to the outbreak of war, there were those who felt it could still be ended peacefully or did not believe it should have occurred in the first place.
Opposition to the Iraq War There has been significant opposition to the Iraq War across the world. At least in the sheer size of protests, this has exceeded the opposition to the Vietnam War in scale, even before military action had begun.
Opposition to the Poor Law Both the Elizabethan Poor Law and the Poor Law Amendment Act attracted a great deal of opposition from a wide range of people in society, from paupers and workers; to the landed gentry and academics. Likewise, the reasons that people opposed the Poor law were also just as varied.
Opposition to the War of 1812 Opposition to the War of 1812 was widespread in the United States, especially in New England. It helped lead to a serious consideration of secession by several Northeastern states, and the war is a strong candidate for being the one which has generated the most domestic opposition of any in U.
Opposition to trade unions Opposition to trade unions comes from a variety of groups in society and there are many different types of argument on which this opposition is based. Attempts to eradicate unions in practice may include union busting activities by private companies or state action, especially, during the twentieth century, by governments of authoritarian regimes.
Opposition to war against Iran Opposition to a perceived risk of a military attack on Iran by the United States (US) is known to have started during 2005-2006. Claims that a risk of military attack existed were made by people such as Seymour Hersh, Scott Ritter, Joseph Cirincione and Jorge E.
Opposition to World War II Opposition to World War II was more limited than to World War I, due to the limited opportunities for organising opposition in most Axis countries, and the unpopularity of fascist ideology in Allied countries. In nations occupied by Germany, and even in Germany itself there was a resistance movement, but rather than opposing the War in itself, this opposed the Nazi Government and its prosecution of the War, and generally supported the Allies.
Oppression remedy In corporate law, an oppression remedy is a statutory right available to shareholders. It empowers the shareholders to bring an action against the corporation in which they own shares when the conduct of the company has an effect that is oppressive, unfairly prejudicial, or unfairly disregards the interests of a shareholder.
Oprah & Friends Oprah and Friends is a talk radio channel programmed by Harpo Productions' newly formed radio division, and is signed exclusively for XM Satellite Radio. Oprah & Friends will include regular programming on topics such as current events, self improvement, health, nutrition, fitness and home.
Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls The Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls is a girls-only boarding school that officially opened in January 2007 at Henley-on-Klip in Meyerton, south of Johannesburg, South Africa. Inspired by her own own humble beginnings and disadvantaged background, Oprah Winfrey founded the Leadership Academy to provide educational and leadership opportunities for academically gifted girls from poverty backgrounds in South Africa who exhibited leadership qualities for making a difference in the world.
Oprah Winfrey's Legends Ball Oprah Winfrey's Legends Ball was a three-day celebration honoring twenty-five legendary African American women in the fields of art, entertainment, and civil rights. "These women, who have been meaningful to so many of us over the years, are legends who have been magnificent in their pioneering and advancing of African American women.
Oprah's Book Club Oprah's Book Club is a book club segment of the American talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show, highlighting books chosen by host Oprah Winfrey. Because of the book club's wide popularity, many obscure titles have become very popular bestsellers, increasing sales by as many as a million copies at the height of the book club's popularity; this phenomenon is known as the Oprah effect.
Oprichnina The Oprichnina (Russian: Опричнина) formed a section of Russia ruled directly by the Tsar under Ivan the Terrible. The term derives from the obsolete Russian word "опричь" (oprich), meaning apart from, except of.
Opry An opry is generally an establishment that features live country music, the most famous example being the Grand Ole Opry, but it could be something as simple as the local honky tonk. The term is generally restricted to the southern United States.
Ops Sikap Ops Sikap is a traffic safety operation launched by the Royal Malaysian Police to ensure safety on all roads in Malaysia during festive seasons such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Deepavali, Christmas Day and Chinese New Year.
Opsin Opsins are a group of light-sensitive 35-55 kDa membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptors found in photoreceptor cells of the retina. They are involved in vision, mediating the conversion of a photon of light into an electrochemical signal, the first step in the visual transduction cascade.
Opsonin An opsonin is any molecule that acts as a binding enhancer for the process of phagocytosis, for example, by coating the negatively-charged molecules on the membrane. Both the membrane of a phagocytising cell, as well as its target, have a negative charge (Zeta-potential), making it difficult for the two cells to come close together.
Opsophagos Opsophagos was an ancient Greek term used to describe one who exhibited a seemingly uncontrollable desire for fish. This term had extremely negative connotations, as it was a criticism not of one's tastes, but rather of one's character.
Opsound Opsound calls itself "a gift economy in action, an experiment in applying the model of free software to music." Opsound aggregates links to music hosted on other servers, as well as providing discussion forums and organizing real-world events and concerts.
Opt in e-mail Opt in e-mail is a term used when someone is given the option to receive "bulk" e-mail, that is, e-mail that is sent to many people at the same time. Typically, this is some sort of mailing list, newsletter, or advertising.
Optacon The Optacon is an electronic device to permit blind people to read printed material. The Optacon consists of a main electronics unit about the size of a portable tape recorder connected by a thin cable to a lens module about the size of a penknife.
Optare Solo The Optare Solo is a low floor midibus manufactured in Leeds, UK by Optare since 1997. The name "Solo" is a play on the low-floor status of the bus, the manufacturer believing its vehicle having an entrance "so low" to the floor, namely 200 mm with kneeling suspension.
Optare Versa The Optare Versa is a midibus currently built as a prototype by Optare. It was officially launched in Britain at the Euro Bus Expo 2006 at the NEC, Birmingham, on 7 November 2006 and will generally be available in mid-2007, the first 25 going to Stagecoach.
Optatam Totius Optatam Totius, the Decree on Priestly Training, was a document produced by the Second Vatican Council. Approved by a vote of 2,318 to 3 of the bishops assembled at the council, the decree was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on October 28, 1965.
Opte Project The Opte Project is a project started by Barrett Lyon that seeks to make an accurate representation of the extent of the Internet using visual graphics. The Project was started in October 2003 in an effort to provide a useful Internet map with open source code.
Opteron The AMD Opteron (codenamed SledgeHammer during development) was the first of AMD's eighth-generation x86 processors based on the K8 or Hammer core, and the first processor to implement the AMD64 (formerly x86-64) instruction set architecture. It was released on April 22, 2003 and was intended to compete in the server market, particularly in the same segment as the Intel Xeon processor.
Optic flow Optic flow is the perceived visual motion of objects as the observer moves relative to them. To an observer driving a car, a sign on the side of the road would move from the center of his vision to the side, growing as he approached.
Optic foramen The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery (with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres) into the orbital cavity.
Optic chiasm The optic chiasm (Greek χίασμα, "crossing", from the Greek χλαζειν 'to mark with an X', after the Greek letter 'Χ', chi) is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross. Specifically, the nerves connected to the right eye that attend to the right visual field cross with the nerves from the left eye that attend to the left visual field.
Optic Nerve (comic) Optic Nerve is a comic book series by graphic novelist Adrian Tomine. Originally self-published by Tomine as a series of mini-comics (which have later been collected in a single volume, 32 Stories), the series has been published by Drawn and Quarterly since 1995.
Optic radiation The geniculo-calcarine tract, also known as the optic radiation, is a collection of axons from relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus carrying visual information to the visual cortex (also called striate cortex) along the calcarine fissure. There is one such tract on each side of the brain.
Optical add-drop multiplexer An optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) is a device used in wavelength-division multiplexing systems for multiplexing and routing different channels of light into or out of a single mode fiber (SMF). This is a type of optical node, which is generally used for the construction of a ring-based optical telecommunications network.
Optical amplifier An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed.
Optical autocorrelation In optics, various autocorrelation functions can be experimentally realized. The field autocorrelation may be used to calculate the spectrum of a source of light, while the intensity autocorrelation and the interferometric autocorrelation are commonly used to estimate the duration of ultrashort pulses produced by modelocked lasers.

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