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Orbiting Astronomical Observatory
The Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO) satellites were a series of four space observatories launched by NASA between 1966 and 1972, which provided the first high-quality observations of many objects in ultraviolet light. While two OAO missions were failures, the success of the other two increased awareness within the astronomical community of the benefits of space-based observations, and led to the instigation of the Hubble Space Telescope.
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