Encyclopedia

Overbrook (Pittsburgh) Overbrook is a neighborhood on Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's South Hills area. It has a zip codes of 15227, 15234 and 15210 and has representation on Pittsburgh City Council by the council member for District 4 (South Neighborhoods).
Overbrook (SEPTA station) Overbrook Station is an above-ground commuter rail station located in Overbrook at the edge of the City of Philadelphia at 63rd St & City Av, Philadelphia, PA 19151. It is served by most R5 Paoli-Thorndale] trains with the exception of a few express runs.
Overbrook High School (Philadelphia) Overbrook High School is a public four year secondary school located in the West Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. An inner city school, it is perhaps most well-known because of its famous alumni (listed below).
Overbrook High School (Pine Hill, New Jersey) Overbrook High School is an American comprehensive community four-year public high school located in Pine Hill, in Camden County, New Jersey, as part of the Pine Hill Schools. It has an approximate student body of 900.
Overcall In contract bridge, an overcall is a bid made after an opening bid was made by an opponent; the term refers only to the first such bid. A direct overcall is a bid made directly over a bid by right-hand opponent, while an overcall in 'last seat' (made over a bid by left-hand opponent and two subsequent passes) is often referred to as a balancing overcall.
Overcast (band) Overcast is a metalcore band from Boston, Massachusetts, who some credit as being the pioneers of the metalcore scene. They were together from August 1991 until November 1998, when they split after a less than successful US tour.
Overcoat The term Overcoat is a generalised term signifying a long coat worn over other items of clothing such as a suit or dress, uniform or even casual clothes. Overcoats extend below the knee over the shins but are sometimes mistakenly referred to as topcoats, which are short coats that end at or above the knees.
Overcome By Events Overcome By Events (OBE) (or Overtaken By Events), is a military term for a situation wherein the initial solution to a problem is rendered obsolete by another proposed solution. This is often the case when the initial solution is considered tedious, exhaustive and a waste of limited resources.
Overconfidence effect The overconfidence effect refers to the human tendency to be more confident in one's behaviours, attributes and physical characteristics than one ought to be. In a recent survey, over 70% of respondents classified themselves as "better than average" drivers.
OverClocked ReMix OverClocked ReMix, also known as OC ReMix or OCR, is a website dedicated to reviving computer and video game music from the past and re-interpreting it with new technology and software, as well as various traditional means. The site's mission statement explains how its members seek to prove that such music "is not disposable or merely just background, but is as intricate, innovative, and lasting as any other form.
Overdetermination Overdetermination, the idea that a single observed effect is determined by multiple causes at once (any one of which alone might be enough to account for the effect), was originally a key concept of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis.
Overdevelopment Overdevelopment refers to a process by which natural resources are impacted by urbanization and/or road construction, at a rate significantly harmful to the ecosystem. Environmental activism is a frequent response to overdevelopmant, as well as are many fields of academic study.
Overdominance Overdominance is an alternate term for heterozygote advantage, a condition in genetics where the phenotype of the heterozygote is fitter than the phenotype of either homozygote. The concept of overdominance has been used by plant breeders crossing inbred strains and selecting for desired characteristics.
Overdoor An "overdoor" (or "supraporte") is the name given to a painting, bas-relief or decorative panel, generally in a horizontal format, that is set within ornamental mouldings placed over a door in classicizing or Rococo interiors. The overdoor is usually architectural in form, but may take the form of a cartouche in Rococo settings, or it may be little more than a moulded shelf for the placement of ceramic vases, busts or curiosities.
Overdosing (album) Overdosing is the name of the first release by electro-industrial duo Decoded Feedback. It was the first to gain wide attention, and was originally released by Hard Records in Europe and Cleopatra Records in North America.
Overdraft protection Overdraft protection is a financial service offered by banking institutions primarily in the United States. Overdraft protection advances money to cover an attempt to withdraw money from an account that does not have sufficient funds.
Overdrafting Overdrafting is the process of extracting groundwater beyond the safe yield or equilibrium yield of the aquifer. Since every groundwater basin recharges at a different rate depending upon precipitation, vegetative cover and soil conservation practises, the quantity of groundwater that can be safely pumped varies greatly among regions of the world and even within provinces.
Overdrive (music) Overdrive in the field of rock music, is a term used for an electric guitar amplifier when turned up, usually deliberately, to the point where distortion (clipping) is clearly audible in the output signal. This distortion may range from a slight added "edge" with some increase in sustain, up to a thick fuzzy sound whose tonality is almost unrecognisable as that of the input signal.
Overeaters Anonymous Overeaters Anonymous (OA) is a twelve-step program offering a program of recovery from compulsive overeating and other eating disorders using the twelve steps and twelve traditions as interpreted by OA. Participants need not be overweight — in fact, some OA members are bulimic or anorexic.
Overeating Overeating is a behavior that, while generally not a medical problem, in some cases is a symptom of binge eating disorder or bulimia. In more general terms it refers to the persistent consumption of excess food in relation to the energy that the person expends, leading to weight gain and often to obesity.
Overexcitability The Theory of Positive Disintegration (TPD) by Kazimierz Dabrowski describes a theory of personality and personality development. Unlike mainstream psychology, Dabrowski's theoretical framework views psychological tension, anxiety, and depression as necessary for growth.
Overfill In telecommunications, overfill is the condition that prevails when the numerical aperture or the beam diameter of an optical source, such as a laser, light-emitting diode, or optical fiber, exceeds that of the driven element, e.g.
Overfishing [Traffic Light colour convention, showing the concept of Harvest Control Rule] (HCR), specifying when a rebuilding plan is mandatory in terms of [[Precautionary principle|precautionary and limit reference points for spawning biomass and fishing mortality rate.]]
Overfitting In statistics, overfitting is fitting a statistical model that has too many parameters. An absurd and false model may fit perfectly if the model has enough complexity by comparison to the amount of data available.
Overgrazing In ecology and agriculture, overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to grazing for too long, or without sufficient recovery periods. It reduces the usefulness of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion.
Overhand knot with draw-loop [an overhand knot with draw-loop, the weight of the load the rope carries depresses the loop sufficiently to keep it in place until the load item is placed in its location. When no longer required the free end may be pulled and draw the loop through and so release the load.
Overhand shuffle A overhand shuffle is a common method of shuffling playing cards. It is considered to be a very easy shuffle, and when performed properly and repeatedly is considered a suitable means of assuring randomization.
Overhaul paper Overhaul paper, described in Extending HTTP to Combat Flash Crowds, is a system to combat flash crowds. It basically has the server go into overhaul mode when bandwidth becomes scarce, farming out chunks of files to different peers who are simultaneously downloading the same file.
Overhead cable In contrast to overhead powerline an overhead cable is a separate cable, usually for the transmission of information, laid on pylons that are sometimes also used for the supply of electric power. Overhead telephone and cable TV lines are common in North America.
Overhead camshaft Overhead camshaft (OHC) valvetrain configurations place the camshaft within the cylinder heads, above the combustion chambers, and drive the valves or lifters directly instead of using pushrods. When compared directly with pushrod (or I-Head) systems with the same number of valves, the reciprocating components of the OHC system are fewer and in total will have less mass.
Overhead code Overhead code is the additional (or excess) object code generated by a compiler to provide machine code which will be executed by a specific CPU. This code includes translations of generic instructions listed in cross-platform code, and is tailored for execution on a specific platform or architecture.
Overhead environment In scuba diving, an Overhead environment is a situation where there is not open water overhead, and thus the diver in an emergency cannot escape upwards to atmosphere if his breathing set malfunctions. This can arise in cave diving and wreck diving.
Overhead information Overhead information is digital information transferred across the functional interface between a user and a telecommunications system, or between functional units within a telecommunications system, for the purpose of directing or controlling the transfer of user information or the detection and correction of errors.
Overhead line crossing An overhead line crossing is the crossing of an obstacle — such as a traffic route, a river, a valley or a strait — by an overhead power line. The style of crossing depends on the local conditions and regulations at the time the power line is constructed.
Overhead powerline An overhead powerline is an electric power transmission line suspended by towers or poles. Since most of the insulation is provided by air, overhead powerlines are generally the lowest-cost method of transmission for large quantities of electric power.
Overhead projector An overhead projector is a display system that is used to display images to an audience. They typically consist of a large box containing a very bright lamp and a fan to cool it, on top of which is a large lens that collimates the light.
Overhead restaurants Overhead restaurants or Overhead Bridge Restaurants is a main term for the special Rest and Service Areas with restaurants above the expressway. Unlike typical laybys and RSAs which are only accessible in one-way direction only, an overhead restaurant is accessible from both directions of the expressway.
Overheard in New York Overheard in New York is a blog published by S. Morgan Friedman and edited by Jenny Weiss (originally edited by Michael Malice) that humorously documents snippets of conversation heard by passersby in New York City, who submit them to the website for publication.
Overheating (economics) Overheating of an economy occurs when its productive capacity is unable to keep pace with growing aggregate demand. It is generally characterised by an above-trend rate of economic growth, where growth is occurring at an unsustainable rate.
Overhoff Technology Overhoff Technology Corporation is a company based in Milford, Ohio that designs, constructs, and sells radiation monitoring equipment. Their product line includes tritium monitors (an Overhoff specialty), heavy water leak detectors, gamma survey meters, environmental ion chambers and neutron dosimeters.
Overcharge A legal-economic term that refers to the difference between an observed market price and a price that would have been observed in the absence of collusion. The latter is often called a "but-for price" or a competitive "benchmark price".
Overjustification effect The overjustification effect (also called the undermining effect) is the effect whereby giving someone an incentive (monetary or otherwise) to do something that they already enjoy doing decreases their intrinsic motivation to do it. As a result of the extrinsic incentive, the person views his or her actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing.
Overlake Overlake is the name commonly used for a region comprising parts of eastern Bellevue and southern Redmond, Washington, in the vicinity of Microsoft's main corporate campus. The Overlake area, so named because it is located across Lake Washington from Seattle, straddles the boundaries of Bellevue and Redmond and is considered to have its own identity distinct from those of both cities.
Overland Flyer The Overland Flyer was a passenger train originally operated by the Union Pacific Railroad. The name harkens back to a stagecoach line operated by the Overland Mail Company between Salt Lake City, Utah and Virginia City, Nevada from 1861 to 1866 when Wells Fargo & Company took over the stagecoach's operation.
Overland train In the 1960s the US Army developed two experimental overland trains, essentially oversized semi-trailer trucks that could travel over almost any terrain. Their intention was to be able to handle logistics without being dependent on local road systems, thereby improving their ability in the field.
Overland Telegraph Company In 1860, the Pacific Telegraph Act of 1860 called for the facilitation of communication between the east and west coasts of the United States of America. Hiram Sibley of the Western Union Telegraph Company won the contract.
Overland Track The Overland Track is one of Australia's most well known bush walks, situated in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park, Tasmania. Attracting over 8000 walkers each year, it runs from Cradle Mountain to Lake St Clair through the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, winding through terrain ranging from sheer mountains and wild rivers to alpine plains and tundra.
Overlap (term rewriting) Overlap, as a property of the reduction rules in term rewriting system, describes a situation where a number of different reduction rules specify potentially contradictory ways of reducing a reducible expression (or redex) within a term. More precisely, if a number of different reduction rules share function symbols on the left hand side, overlap can occur.
Overlap matrix The overlap matrix is a square matrix, used in quantum chemistry to describe the inter-relationship of a set of basis vectors of a quantum system. In particular, if the vectors are orthogonal to one another, the overlap matrix will be diagonal.
Overlap zone An overlap zone, in radio frequency engineering, is a zone in which the signals from two or more radio stations, transmitting at the same frequency, can be received with comparable intensity. Interference occurs frequently in such a zone.
Overlapped I/O In Microsoft Windows programming, Overlapped I/O is a feature of the application programming interfaces for file operations, introduced by Windows NT. For asynchronous reads and writes, one may pass a special OVERLAPPED structure to the ReadFile(), WriteFile(), and similar functions (such as the Winsock API calls WSASend()/WSARecv()), and the operation will be completed later.
Overlapping generations model An overlapping generations model, abbreviated to OLG model, is a type of economic model in which agents live a finite length of time and live long enough to endure into at least one period of the next generation's lives.
Overlay computer A virtual platform built on other, possibly virtual, specific platforms or other computing entities. In general the base computing platforms are heterogeneous and the main platform aim is to link and make them work together.
Overlay network An overlay network is a computer network which is built on top of another network. Nodes in the overlay can be thought of as being connected by virtual or logical links, each of which corresponds to a path, perhaps through many physical links, in the underlying network.
Overlay plan In telephony, especially in North America, an overlay plan is the practice of introducing a new area code by applying it onto a geographic area that is already occupied by one or more existing area codes, resulting in two (or more) area codes serving the same area.
Overload (Chinese rock band) Overload ("超载" chaozai) is the first thrash metal band of Chinese rock. Gao Qi (高旗), the former guitarist and songwriter of the band Breath (呼吸), set up his own band Overload (超载) with guitarist Han Hongbin (韩鸿宾) , Li Yanliang (李延亮), bassist Wang Xueke (王学科) and drummer Zhao Muyang ([赵牧阳), who were said to be the elitist musicians in China at that time.
Overload (programming) To overload a method in programming is to have two or more methods with the same name, but are distinguished by the number and/or type of variables they require. Generally methods, operators, and constructors are overloaded in programming.
Overlook Hotel The Overlook Hotel is the fictional hotel from Stephen King's novel The Shining and its adaptations. Timberline Lodge, a mountain resort in Oregon, was used in Stanley Kubrick's adaptation of the book while the Stanley Hotel, King's inspiration for the Overlook, was used in a TV adaptation for ABC.
Overlook, Portland, Oregon Overlook is a neighborhood in the North section of Portland, Oregon on the east shore of the Willamette River. It borders University Park and Arbor Lodge on the north, Humboldt, Boise, and Eliot, and Northwest Industrial and the Northwest District across the Willamette on the west.
Overlooked (album) Overlooked is the ninth album released by the alternative independent band Caroline's Spine. The album itself includes quite a few tracks that have been on their previous releases, simply rerecorded and slightly updated in style, tone and quality.
Overlord (comics) Overlord is a comic-book supervillain created by Erik Larsen, first appearing in Larsen's Savage Dragon series and serving as that title's first principle villain. Like many of Larsen's characters, Overlord was based on a character that Larsen had created during his childhood.
Overlord (computer game) Overlord (called Supremacy: Your Will Be Done in Europe) was a computer game designed by David Perry & Nick Bruty and produced by Probe Software for the Amiga and Commodore 64 computers in 1990. It came on two disks.
Overlord (film) Overlord is a 1975 film by Stuart Cooper. Set around the D-Day invasion ('Operation Overlord'), it's a war film about a young soldier's meditations on being part of the war machinery, and his premonitions of death.
Overlord (video game) Overlord is an NES war game where the player can go to up to four different galaxies, fight evil aliens in their spaceships, and eventually conquer their starbase so that the humans can colonize the entire universe. This game is similar to SimEarth except currency is used instead of natural planet energy and wars are manually controlled by the player, instead of being waged out automatically by the CPU.
Overlord embroidery The Overlord embroidery was commissioned by Lord Dulverton in 1968 and made by the Royal School of Needlework from designs by artist Sandra Lawrence. It commemorates the D-Day invasion of France during World War II.
Overlord X Overlord X (real name Benjamin Balogun, born in Leyton) was one of the earliest British hip hop artists to receive national acclaim in the UK, with his most well known song still being his second single release, 14 Days in May (Westside, 1988) about Edward Earl Johnson. He worked with DJ Sir Preme T as well as other members of the "X Posse", and now works under the name BJ Micsoul, and runs the music company Mo-Am Masters.
Overman rearrangement The Overman rearrangement is a chemical reaction that can be described as a Claisen rearrangement of allylic trichloroacetimidates to give allylic trichloroacetamides. The Overman rearrangement was discovered in 1974 by Larry Overman.
Overmedication Overmedication is when a doctor prescribes unnecessary or excessive medication to a patient. This may happen because the doctor is unaware of other medications the patient is already taking, because the doctor or pharmacist is unaware of how a drug may interact with another chemical or target population, or because of other human error.
Overmighty subject Overmighty subject (or overmighty baron) is a term associated with bastard feudalism. It denotes a royal subject in late medieval England who, through financial, military and/or personal influence, wielded powers on a par with, or beyond those of, the king himself.
Overnight rate The overnight rate is generally the rate that large banks use to borrow and lend from one another on the interbank market. In some countries (for example, Canada), the overnight rate may be the rate targeted by the central bank to influence monetary policy.
Overnite Encore: Lyrics Born Live Overnite Encore: Lyrics Born Live is the third album by Lyrics Born, a Japanese-American hip hop musician. Lyrics Born is backed by a live band as he performs hits from Later That Day, as well as more recent songs.
Overo Overo refers to a pinto coloration pattern of white over dark body markings in horses. There are at least three different genes which fall under the "overo" classification: frame overo, sabino, and splash overo.
Overpopulation Overpopulation is the condition of any organism's numbers exceeding the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. In common parlance, the term usually refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the Earth.
Overpopulation (animals) Overpopulation is a scenario in which the population of a living species exceeds the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. While this term is most often used with reference to human beings, in its general form it includes overpopulation in any animal or vegetal species.
Overpressure Overpressure, in geology, is a term used to describe the pressure regime in a stratigraphic unit that exhibits higher-than-hydrostatic pressure in its pore structure. This phenomenon is the primary cause of "oil gushers".
Overpressure ammunition Overpressure ammunition, commonly designated as +P or +P+, is small arms ammunition that has been loaded to a higher internal pressure than is standard for ammunition of its caliber (see internal ballistics), but less than the pressures generated by a proof round. This is done typically to produce rounds with a higher muzzle velocity and stopping power, such as ammunition used for defensive purposes.
OverPower card game OverPower is a collectible card game produced by Fleer Corporation originally featuring characters from Marvel Comics and later from DC Comics and Image Comics as well. The game was initially launched in August 1995 and is no longer in production.
Overrated (WOW guild) Overrated is a Horde World of Warcraft guild, based on the US Black Dragonflight Realm. On November 2 2006, the majority of the guild members were indefinitely banned from the game for use of (or directly benefiting from) a third-party "wall-hack", used to bypass content within the game.
Oversampling In signal processing, oversampling is the process of sampling a signal with a sampling frequency significantly higher than twice the bandwidth or highest frequency of the signal being sampled. An oversampled signal is said to be oversampled by a factor of β, defined as
Overscan Overscan is extra image area around the four edges of a video image that is not normally seen by the viewer. It exists because television sets in the 1930s through 1970s were highly variable in how the video image was framed within the cathode ray tube (CRT).
Overscan amounts Different video and broadcast television systems require differing amounts of overscan. Most figures serve as recommendations or typical summaries, as the nature of overscan is to overcome a variable limitation in older technologies such as cathode ray tubes.
Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Limited (Simplified Chinese: 华侨银行有限公司), abbreviated as OCBC Bank (华侨银行), is a publicly listed financial services organisation with head office in Singapore. OCBC serves many business and retail customers in the East Asian market with a wide array of financial products and services.
Overseas collectivity The Overseas collectivities (French: collectivité d'outre-mer or COM), are an administrative division of France. These territories include some former overseas territories and other French overseas holdings with a particular status, which were given the name collectivités d'outre-mer by constitutional reform on 28 March 2003.
Overseas country of France Overseas country (French: pays d'outre-mer or POM) is the new designation for the overseas collectivity of French Polynesia. French Polynesia was formerly an overseas territory until the constitutional reform on 28 March 2003 created the overseas collectivities.
Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission The Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission (Traditional Chinese:僑務委員會) is a cabinet-level commission of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Its main objetive is to serve as a cultural, education, economic, and informational exchanges organization between Taiwan and overseas Chinese.
Overseas department Overseas departments (French: départements d'outre-mer or DOM), is a designation given to the French colonies of Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Guiana in the Caribbean and Réunion in the Indian Ocean under the 1946 Constitution of the Fourth Republic. Saint-Pierre and Miquelon became an overseas department in 1976, but its status changed to that of an Overseas collectivity in 1985.
Overseas departments and territories of France The French Overseas Departments and Territories (French: départements d'outre-mer and territoires d'outre-mer or DOM-TOM) consist broadly of French-administered territories outside of Europe. These territories have varying legal status and different levels of autonomy, although all have representation in the Parliament of France, and the right to vote in elections to the European Parliament.
Overseas Development Institute The Overseas Development Institute (ODI) is the United Kingdom's leading independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues. Its mission is "to inspire and inform policy and practice which lead to the reduction of poverty, the alleviation of suffering and the achievement of sustainable livelihoods in developing countries.
Overseas experience Overseas experience (OE) is a term commonly used to describe an extended working holiday taken by travellers in a country other than their country of origin. The acronym "OE" (without qualification) is much more commonly used and recognised in Australia and New Zealand than it is in other English speaking countries, where the extended duration of the travel distinguishes this from the similar concept of a Gap year.
Overseas Family School Overseas Family School (OFS), a privately owned Pre K-12 International school, provides a modern education in the English language for overseas families living in Singapore. It started in 1991 with 200 students, today Overseas Family School has over 3000 students from 60 different nationalities.
Overseas Chinese Youth Language Training and Study Tour to the Republic of China The Overseas Chinese Youth Language Training and Study Tour to the Republic of China is currently a four-week summer program for about 400-600 college-aged Overseas Chinese, which is often nicknamed Love Boat. In Chinese it is also colloquially referred to as mei-jia-ying (美加營) - America and Canada Camp, a reference to where most of the participants originate.
Overseas Christian Fellowship Australia The Overseas Christian Fellowship Australia (OCF Australia) is a parachurch Christian organization which ministers to overseas students studying in Australian universities and colleges of higher education. OCF Australia is inter-denominational and evangelical in its doctrinal stand.
Overseas political parties and movements with Japanese support This a list of East Asian nationalist and right-wing parties, movements and similar organisations, with external Japanese support, before and during the Pacific War period, inside the yen block or Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere Association:
Overseas property An increasing number of people in wealthy nations are buying property in other countries to use as holiday homes, retirement homes, or as an investment. The most popular places to buy overseas property are in hot countries, in tourist resorts, by the coast, or in cities.
Overseas Press Club The Overseas Press Club (also referred to by abbreviation as OPC) of America, founded in 1939 in New York City by a group of foreign correspondents, seeks to maintain an international association of journalists working in the United States and abroad; to encourage the highest standards of professional integrity and skill in the reporting of news; to help educate a new generation of journalists; to contribute to the freedom and independence of journalists and the press throughout the world, and to work toward better communication and understanding among people.
Overseas region Overseas region (French: RĂ©gion d'outre-mer), is a recent designation given to the overseas departments which have similar powers to those of the regions of metropolitan France. They have had these powers since 1982, when France's decentralisation policy dictated that they be given elected regional councils along with other regional powers.
Overseas Railroad Overseas Railroad (also known as Florida Overseas Railroad) was the extension of the Florida East Coast Railway to Key West, a city of almost 20,000 inhabitants located 128 miles beyond the end of the Florida peninsula. It operated from 1912 to 1935.
Overseas Service Ribbon An Overseas Service Ribbon is a decoration of the United States military which recognizes those service members who have performed military tours of duty outside the borders of the United States of America. There are different versions of the Overseas Service Ribbons for the U.
Overseer Rob Overseer (who publishes his music under just his last name) is a British DJ/producer, born in Salisbury whose works have been included in soundtracks for Animatrix, Snatch and Any Given Sunday, as well as video games like Need for Speed: Underground and Stuntman, among others. His songs are also frequently used in TV commercials such as Hairdo for Vodafone which featured his song Velocity Shift or the Endeavor commercial for Mitsubishi, which featured Horndog.
Overselling Overselling is a term used in web hosting to describe a situation in which a company provides hosting plans that are unsustainable if every of its customers uses the full extent of them. The term is usually refered to the usage of webspace and bandwidth.

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