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18-Electron rule
The valence shells of a transition metal can accommodate 18 electrons: 2 in each of the five d orbitals (10 in total); 2 in each of the 3 p orbitals (6 in total); and 2 in the s orbital (see Electron counting). In practice, of course, these orbitals cannot directly accept electrons, otherwise one would encounter ions such as Fe10â’ and Pt8â’.
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