Encyclopedia

Policies and Procedures Policies and Procedures are a set of documents that describe an organization's policies for operation and the procedures necessary to fulfill the policies. They are often initiated because of some external requirement, such as environmental compliancy or other governmental regulations, such as the American Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring full openness in accounting practices.
Policies of the Thaksin government As Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand, Thaksin Shinawatra initiated many distinctive policies affecting the economy, public health, education, energy, drugs, and international relations. His policies have made him very popular with the majority of the Thai people, resulting in two landslide re-election victories.
Policing in Brazil In Brazil there are three levels of policing: the Brazilian Federal Police, the Brazilian Federal Highway Police, the Brazilian Federal Railway Police and state police operate everywhere, and more than 400 cities also have City Guards {municipal administrative/patrimonial & security corporations}.
Policing in Canada In Canada, there are three levels of police forces: municipal, provincial, and federal. Constitutionally, law enforcement is a provincial responsibility, although most urban areas have been given the authority by the provinces to maintain their own police forces.
Policing in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom (UK) does not have one single police force serving the general public; with the exception of various special police forces and of Northern Ireland (which has one unified force, the Police Service of Northern Ireland - PSNI ), police forces are arranged in geographical areas matched to the boundaries of one or more local authorities, in recent years being increasingly described as "territorial police forces". In turn, these forces are regulated by the laws of the appropriate country within the UK (administration of police matters is not generally affected by the Government of Wales Act 2006), i.
Policing in the United States Policing in the United States is one of three major components of the criminal justice system, along with courts and corrections. Although there exists an inherent interrelatedness between the different groups that make up the criminal justice system based on their crime deterrence purpose, each component operates independently from one another.
Policja Policja is the generic name for the police in Poland. The Polish police force was known as policja throughout the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), and in modern post-communist Republic of Poland since 1989.
Policosanol Policosanol (or polycosanol) is the generic term for a natural extract of plant waxes. It is used as a nutritional supplement to lower (bad) LDL cholesterol and increase (good) HDL cholesterol and to help prevent atherosclerosis.
Policraticus Policraticus is a book of ethical and political philosophy written by John of Salisbury around 1159. Although addressing a wide variety of ethical questions, it is most famous for attempting to define the responsibilities of kings and their relationship to their subjects.
Policy appliances Policy appliances are technical control and logging mechanisms to enforce or reconcile policy rules (information use rules) and to ensure accountability in information systems. The use of policy appliances in this context was first described in K.
Policy Analysis Market The Policy Analysis Market (PAM) was a proposed futures exchange developed by the United States' Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and based on an idea first proposed by Net Exchangea San Diego] research firm specializing in the development of online [[prediction markets.
Policy by press release Policy by press release refers to the act of attempting to influence public policy through press releases intended to alarm the public into demanding action from their elected officials. The practice is frowned upon, but remains effective and widely used.
Policy debate Policy debate is a form of speech competition in which teams of two debate whether or not a specific policy action should be enacted. It is also referred to as cross-examination debate because of the 3-minute questioning period following each constructive speech.
Policy Innovations Policy Innovations is an online magazine that is dedicated to the promotion of innovative ideas for a fairer globalization. The magazine features ideas for a fairer globalization and also provides and extensive database of innovators and their innovations.
Policy Network Policy Network is an international think tank based in London devoted to progressive centre-left policy reform. It was established in December 2000 with the support of heads of government including Tony Blair, Bill Clinton, Gerhard Schröder, and Giuliano Amato.
Policy of deliberate ambiguity A policy of deliberate ambiguity (also known as a policy of strategic ambiguity) is the practice by a nation of being intentionally ambiguous on certain aspects of its foreign policy or whether it possesses certain weapons of mass destruction. It may be useful if they have contrary foreign and domestic policy goals, or if they want to take advantage of risk aversion to abet a deterrence strategy.
Policy reform “Policy Reform” in addition to its more general meanings, has been used to refer to a future scenario which relies on government action to correct economic market failures and to stimulate the technological investment necessary for sustainable development and the creation of a truly sustainable planetary society.
Policy-based design Policy-based design, also known as policy-based class design or policy-based programming, is a computer programming paradigm based on an idiom for C++ known as policies. It has been described as a compile-time variant of the strategy pattern, and has connections with C++ template metaprogramming.
Policyd-weight policyd-weight is a mail filter for the Postfix mail transfer agent (MTA) written in Perl. It allows to evaluate mail header information and to score mail against several DNS-based Blackhole List (DNSBL) before the mail is queued.
Policyjny Klub Sportowy Katowice Policyjny Klub Sportowy Katowice is a Polish sports club from Upper Silesia, sponsored, as the name suggests, by Katowice’s police department. Founded in 1924, in the interwar period the club was famous for its swimmers (numerous champions of Poland) and fencers.
Poliespo Poliespo (Polisinteza Esperanto) is an extension of Esperanto using Cherokee words created by Nvwtohiyada Idehesdi Sequoyah, also known as Billy Ray Waldon or Billy Joe Waldon, condemned to death in the United States for murder.
Poligamia Poligamia is a Colombian rock band founded Bogotá,Colombia in the early 90's by Andrés Cepeda, Juan Gabriel Turbay, Freddy Camelo, Gustavo Gordillo and César López. All five attended Emilio Valenzuela High School and started playing together.
Polichnitos Polichnitos (Πολίχνιτος) is a municipality on the island of Lesbos, in the Lesbos Prefecture, Greece, with a population of 5,288 (2001). Polichnitos used to be the second biggest town in Lesvos with about ten thousand residents.
Polikarpov Polikarpov was a Soviet OKB (design bureau) for aircraft, led by Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov. After his death on 30 July 1944 at the age of 52, his OKB was absorbed into Lavochkin, but with some of its engineers going to Mikoyan-Gurevich and its production facilities going to Sukhoi.
Polikarpov I-16 The Polikarpov I-16 was an advanced Soviet fighter aircraft when it was introduced in the mid-1930s, and it formed the backbone of the Soviet Air Force at the beginning of World War II. The diminutive fighter prominently featured in the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of Khalkhin Gol.
Polikarpov I-5 The Polikarpov I-5 was a single-seat fighter of unequal-span biplane configuration which was the standard Soviet fighter between its introduction in 1933 until 1936. In total 803 I-5's were built, this number includes prototypes.
Polikarpov Po-2 The Polikarpov U-2 or Po-2 served as a general-purpose Soviet biplane, nicknamed Kukuruznik (, from Russian "kukuruza" (кукуруза) for maize).Soviet people later used kukuruznik as a nickname for Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, notorious for his indiscriminating introduction of maize all over the Soviet Union; as well as for a plane with similar characteristics, the Antonov An-2.
Poliţia Comunitară Poliţia Comunitară is the generic name for the local police in Romania - on city or commune level. They are subordinated to the mayors and their main duties are to enforce the local ordinances and to assist the National Police and the Gendarmerie in maintaining and restoring the public order.
Polina Astakhova Polina Ghrighor'ievna Astakhova (Russian:Полина Григорьевна Астахова) (October 30, 1936, in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR - August 5, 2005 in Kiev, Ukraine) was a Soviet/Ukrainian gymnast who won ten medals (five gold medals, two silver medals and three bronze medals) at the Summer Olympics, where she participated as a member of the USSR team in 1956, 1960 and 1964.
Polina Smolova Polina Smolova (Belarusian: Паліна Смолава, Palina Smołava) (born September 3, 1980 in Minsk) is the Belarusian entry for the 2006 Eurovision contest with the song Mum. She won the Grand Prix at the Slavonic Bazaar 2005 and an award at the Contest for Young Performers.
Polio: An American Story Polio: An American Story (ISBN 0-19-515294-8) is a book by David M. Oshinsky, professor of history at The University of Texas at Austin, which documents the polio epidemic in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s and the race to find a cure.
Poliorcetica A Poliorceticon (Greek πολιορκητικά, also transliterated poliorketikon, based on the Greek singular) is any member of the genre of Byzantine literature dealing with manuals on siege warfare. As with much Byzantine literature, the poliorcetica tend to be compendia of earlier guides illustrated with Biblical and Classical anecdotes.
Poliosis Poliosis "is the name given when someone has a small patch of white hair. While this patch occurs most often along the forehead (so-called white forelock), it can involve hair anywhere on the body and can happen anytime in life.
Poliphilo Poliphilo (literally "Lover of Many Things", from Greek PolĂş "Many" + Philos "Beloved" is the protagonist and the narrator of four-fifths of the Renaissance] book [[Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (literally "Poliphilo's Struggle for Love in a Dream").
Polipoli Spring State Recreation Area The Polipoli Spring State Recreation Area, or Polipoli state park, is part of the 21,000-acre Kahikinui Forest Reserve on the slope of Haleakala. The park occupies the slope of Haleakala which does not have a paved road reaching to the top and thus the crater.
Polis, Cyprus Polis (or Polis Chrysochous, in Greek Πόλις Χρυσοχούς) is a small town at the north-west end of the island of Cyprus, at the centre of Chrysochous Bay, and on the edge of the Akamas peninsula nature reserve. It is a quiet tourist resort, the inhabitants' income being supplemented by agriculture and fishing.
Polisario Front The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de LiberaciĂłn de SaguĂ­a el Hamra y RĂ­o de Oro ("Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and RĂ­o de Oro") is a Sahrawi movement working for the independence of Western Sahara.
Polish 10th Armoured Cavalry Brigade Polish 10th Armoured Cavalry Brigade (Polish 10 Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej, French 10e Brigade blindée polonaise) was an armoured unit of the Polish Army. Organized in France during World War II, mostly by the veterans of the 10th Motorized Cavalry Brigade who managed to escape from Nazi and Soviet occupied Poland.
Polish 10th Regiment of Foot The 10th Regiment of Foot (, also known as the 10th Regiment of Foot of Działyński) was a Polish military unit. Initially formed in 1775 under the name of Regiment of Foot of the Land of Rydzyna, it was stationed in Rydzyna as a private unit of Col.
Polish 111th Fighter Escadrille The 111th Fighter Escadrille of the Polish Air Force () was one of the fighter units of the Polish Army. Created in 1921, immediately after the end of the Polish-Soviet War, the unit inherited the traditions of the famous war-time Polish 7th Air Escadrille (known as the Kościuszko Squadron), in which both Polish and American volunteers served.
Polish 1st Grenadiers Division The 1st Grenadiers Division (, ) was a Polish infantry unit formed in France during the early stages of World War II. Created on French soil after the fall of Poland in the effect of the Polish Defensive War of 1939, the division took part in the Battle of France of 1940.
Polish 27th Home Army Infantry Division 27 Volhynian Infantry Division (Polish 27 Wołyńska Dywizja Piechoty) was the World War II Polish Armia Krajowa unit fighting in 1944 in Volhynia region. It was recreated on January 15, 1944 from smaller partisan units of self-defence during the Volhynia massacre.
Polish 2nd Armoured Regiment Poland raised the 2nd Polish Armoured Regiment in France on 29 January 1940 as the 2nd Tank Battalion and fought under this title in the French campaign of 1940. Members of the regiment reformed in Scotland on 13 November 1942 after the fall of France adopting the designation of 2nd Armoured Regiment.
Polish 2nd Legions' Infantry Regiment The 2nd Legions' Infantry Regiment (, 2ppLeg) was a Polish military unit active between 1914 and 1944. Initially a part of the Polish Legions in World War I, after the war it was incorporated into the Polish Army.
Polish 36th Infantry Regiment The 36th Infantry Regiment of the Academic Legion (Polish 36 pułk piechoty Legii Akademickiej, 36pp) was a Polish military unit. Initially made up of students from the universities of Warsaw, it fought with distinction in the Polish-Bolshevik War, the Polish Defensive War and in the Warsaw Uprising.
Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division The Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division (, sometimes translated as 3rd Carpathian Infantry Division) was an Allied unit fighting during World War II on the Italian Front. It was formed in 1942 of the Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade and the forces of General Władysław Anders' 2nd Polish Corps evacuated from the USSR.
Polish 4th Regiment of Front Guard The 4th Regiment of Front Guard () was a military unit of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Poland. Initially formed in 1733 as a private cavalry unit of Potocki family, it was initially composed mostly of Tatars.
Polish 74th Infantry Regiment The 74 Infantry Regiment (Polish 74 pułk piechoty) was a Polish military unit. Created during the Greater Poland Uprising, it entered the Polish Army and fought in the Polish-Bolshevik War and Invasion of Poland.
Polish 7th Air Escadrille Polish 7th Air Escadrille (), better known as the Kościuszko Squadron was one of the units of the Polish Air Force during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921. Formed in late 1919 from American volunteers, it became the most successful Polish squadron in the war.
Polish alphabet The Polish alphabet is the script of the Polish language. It is based on the Latin alphabet but uses diacritics such as kreska, which is graphically similar to acute accent (for example: Ĺş, Ĺ›), as well as superior dot (ĹĽ) and ogonek (Ä…, Ä™).
Polish Air Force Polish Air Force (Siły Powietrzne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Siły Powietrzne RP). Until July 1, 2004 it was officially known as: Wojska Lotnicze i Obrony Powietrznej (literally: Air and Air Defence Forces, the name existing from 1990).
Polish Air Force order of battle in 1939 The following is the order of battle of the Polish Air Force prior to the outbreak of the Polish Defensive War of 1939. During the mobilization waves of March and August of that year, all peace-time units were deployed to airfields throughout the country and attached to respective commands of Air Force, Naval Air Service and squadrons supporting each of the Polish armies.
Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain The Polish Air Forces (Polskie Siły Powietrzne) was a name of Polish Air Forces formed in France and the United Kingdom during World War II. The core of the Polish air units fighting alongside the allies were experienced veterans of Invasion of Poland of 1939 and they largely contributed to Allied victory in the Battle of Britain and most World War II air operations.
Polish American Arts Association The Polish American Arts Association was organized on january 11, 1966. It is an affiliate of the American Council for Polish Culture (ACPC), a national umbrella organization founded in 1948 for the preservation of Polish cultural, literary and folk traditions in the United States.
Polish American Congress The Polish American Congress is a national umbrella organisation, representing at least 10 million Americans of Polish descent and origin. Its membership is composed of fraternal, educational, veteran, religious, cultural, social, business, political organizations and individual membership.
Polish American Congress of Eastern Massachusetts The Polish American Congress of Eastern Massachusetts was established on may 29, 1944, as an umbrella organization composed of over 3000 fraternal, veteran, cultural, educational, professional, parish, and social organizations.
Polish Army in the United Kingdom The term Polish Army in the United Kingdom refers either to the Polish units stationed in England and Scotland during World War II, or - more generally - to all the units of the Polish 2nd Corps fighting alongside the Allies in that conflict.
Polish Army Museum Polish Army Museum () is a museum in Warsaw documenting the military history of the world, as well as the military aspects of the history of Poland. Created in 1920, it occupies a wing of the building of the Polish National Museum as well as several branches in Poland.
Polish Aviation Museum Polish Aviation Museum (Polish: Muzeum Polskiego Lotnictwa w Krakowie) is a large museum of old aircraft and aircraft engines in KrakĂłw, Poland. It is located at the site of the no-longer functional KrakĂłw-Rakowice-CzyĹĽyny Airport.
Polish blue laser The first Polish blue laser ( third in the world ) was constructed at Unipress by a 30-man team headed by Prof. Sylwester Porowski, on December 12 2001, The Polish scientists obtained crystals of gallium nitride under very high pressure using a completely unique technology, characterized by fewer defects and higher efficiency than silicon carbide.
Polish boy The Polish Boy is a sausage sandwich native to Cleveland, Ohio. It consists of a piece of kielbasa sausage placed in a bun, and covered with a layer of french fries, a layer of barbecue sauce, and a layer of coleslaw.
Polish Beer-Lovers' Party The Polish Beer-Lovers' Party (PPPP; Polish: Polska Partia Przyjaciół Piwa) was founded in 1990, one of its leaders being the satirist Janusz Rewiński. Originally, the party's goal was to promote cultural beer-drinking in English-style pubs instead of vodka and thus fight alcoholism.
Polish Biographical Dictionary Polski słownik biograficzny (PSB; English: Polish Biographical Dictionary) is a Polish-language biographical dictionary, comprising an alphabetically arranged compilation of authoritative biographies of, currently, some 25,000 notable Poles and foreigners who have been active in Poland — famous as well as less well-known persons, from Popiel, Piast Kołodziej and Mieszko I, at the dawn of Polish history, to persons who died in the year 2000. The Dictionary, published incrementally since 1935, is a work in progress.
Polish Bowling Polish Bowling is an outdoor sport played between either two people, or two teams of either two or three people. The goal is to throw special 'polish bowing balls' onto one of three target rods, which are suspended above each other.
Polish contribution to World War II The European theater of World War II opened with the Invasion of Poland by German armed forces on September 1, 1939. The Soviet Union's invasion from the east on September 17, 1939, ended any realistic chance of Polish conventional resistance.
Polish cricket team The Polish Cricket Team is a fledgling team which represents the nation of Poland in International Cricket competitions. They are not officially endorsed by the International Cricket Council and are therefore not entitled to participate in ICC Official events, however they do have an application to the European Cricket Council pending, which should see them granted Affiliate Status in the near future.
Polish cuisine Polish cuisine (Polish: kuchnia polska) is a mixture of Slavic and foreign culinary traditions. Born as a mixture of various culinary traditions, both of various regions of Poland and surrounding cultures, it uses a large variety of ingredients.
Polish Catholic Church The Polish Catholic Church, which has roughly 23,000 members, belongs to the Union of Utrecht, the World Council of Churches and the Polish Ecumenical Council. The superior of Polish Catholic Church is Bishop Wiktor Wysoczański.
Polish Committee of National Liberation The Polish Committee of National Liberation (Polish Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego, PKWN), also known as the Lublin Committee, was the provisional Polish government created under the direction and auspices of Moscow. It was officially proclaimed on July 21, 1944 in Chełm, under the direction of State National Council (Krajowa Rada Narodowa, KRN) in opposition to the Polish government in exile.
Polish Constitution of 1935 The April Constitution of Poland (Polish Ustawa konstytucyjna 23 IV 1935) was the general law passed by the act of the Polish Sejm on April 23, 1935. It introduced in Poland a presidential system with certain elements of authoritarianism.
Polish Corridor The Polish Corridor was the most common English-language name used between the World Wars to refer to the territory of Poland which separated German East Prussia from Germany proper. The area was transferred to a reformed Polish state as a result of the Treaty of Versailles after World War I.
Polish Council of State The Council of State of the Republic of Poland was introduced by the 1947's Small Constitution. It consisted of the President of the Republic of Poland, the Marshal and Vicemarshals of Constituent Sejm, President of the Supreme Chamber of Control and could consist of other members.
Polish Crown Jewels The only surviving original piece of the Polish Crown Jewels from the time of the Piast dynasty is the ceremonial sword - Szczerbiec. It is currently on display along with other royal items in the Wawel Royal Castle Museum, KrakĂłw.
Polish death camps (incorrect term) The term Polish death camps (sometimes also Polish concentration camps) is used to describe German Nazi concentration camps located in German-occupied Poland during the World War II. It is sometimes used by international media when describing the Holocaust.
Polish European Constitution referendum The Polish referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was a referendum expected to be held on in October 2005 to decide whether Poland should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union. After the rejection of the constitution by France and Holland the referendum was cancelled.
Polish Expedition to Kiev The Kiev Expedition () was an episode in the internal struggle for power in the state of Rus between Sviatopolk I of Kiev and his brother Yaroslav I the Wise. After having been expelled from Kiev by Yaroslav and his Novgorodian adherents, Sviatopolk withdrew to the court of his father-in-law, Boleslaus I of Poland.
Polish Falcons The Polish Falcons of America is a Polish fraternal organization founded in 1887 in Chicago, as the American branch of the Polish Gymnastic Society 'Sokół'. It quickly expanded among the Polish community in North America, its local lodges called nests.
Polish Fighting Team The Polish Fighting Team () was a group of Polish pilots fighting on the North African front in 1943. The unit was sent to Africa on insistence of the Polish HQ, who wanted to train a cadre of experienced pilots in desert warfare and harsh African conditions.
Polish Football Association The Polish Football Association (PZPN) (Polish: Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej) is the governing body of soccer in Poland. It organizes the Polish soccer leagues (top division: Orange Ekstraklasa), Polish Cup, the Polish SuperCup, the Polish League Cup and the Polish national football team.
Polish government in Exile The Government of the Polish Republic in Exile was the government of Poland after the country had been occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union during September-October 1939. The Polish Government in Exile commanded Polish armed forces operating in Poland and abroad during the war.
Polish Golden Age Polish Golden Age refers to the times from 15th century Jagiellon Poland to mid-17th century, when in 1648 the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was ravaged by the Chmielnicki Uprising and The Deluge and the Golden Age ended.
Polish hammer The polish hammer is a dramatic fighting or professional wrestling move in which a combatant clasps his hands together, raises them high above his head, and brings them down on an opponent's back or neck. The move was extremely popular in American television and movies during the late 1960s and early 1970s, and almost every staged fist fight would end with the hero using the polish hammer to defeat his opponent.
Polish hip hop The Polish hip hop scene began in 1990, when American pop-rappers like MC Hammer ("Please Hammer Don't Hurt 'Em") and Vanilla Ice ("To the Extreme") were popular. The first album by a Polish performer was "East on the Mic" by PM Cool Lee, which featured two songs in the Polish language.
Polish Hill Polish Hill (Polish: Polskie GĂłry) is a neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It has a zip code of 15219, and has representation on Pittsburgh City Council by the council member for District 7 (North Central East Neighborhoods).
Polish Historical Society The Polish Historical Society (PHS) is a US based private organisation located in Connecticut founded in 1980 that conducts research into Polish History with an emphasis on World War II era history and the etymology of Slavic languages.
Polish involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq On March 17, 2003, then Polish President Aleksander Kwaśniewski announced that Poland would send about 200 troops to the Persian Gulf to take part in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Polish soldiers were present in the region since July 2002, and combat was first confirmed on March 24.
Polish Immortal The Polish Immortal is the name given to a famous chess game between Glucksberg and Miguel Najdorf. It was once believed that this game was played in Warsaw 1935, but its exact date and time are really unknown as the game had already been published in 1930Chess Notes by Edward Winter - note 3615.
Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade (Polish Samodzielna Brygada Strzelców Karpackich, SBSK) was a Polish military unit formed in 1940 in French Syria of the Polish soldiers exiled after the Invasion of Poland in 1939. It was commanded by General Stanisław Kopański.
Polish Independent Highland Brigade Polish Independent Highland Brigade () was Polish military unit created in France in 1939, after the fall of Poland. It had approximately 5,000 soldiers trained in mountain warfare and was commanded by General Zygmunt Szyszko-Bohusz.
Polish Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Institute of Physical Chemistry (Polish Instytut Chemii Fizycznej) is one of numerous institutes belonging to the Polish Academy of Sciences. As its name suggests, the institute's primary research interests are in the field of physical chemistry.
Polish legislative election, 1930 Polish legislative election, 1930, also known as the Brest elections (), were the elections to the Sejm (Polish parliament) on 16 November 1930. The pro-Sanacja Bezpartyjny Blok Współpracy z Rządem party took 56% of the votes (247 out of 444 seats in Sejm, and 76 out of 111 seats in Senate of Poland).
Polish legislative election, 1947 The Polish legislative election, 1947 was held on January 19, 1947 in the People's Republic of Poland. The anti-communist opposition candidates and activists were brutally persecuted and the eventual results were falsified [Wrona, 1999].
Polish literature Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. The majority of Polish literature was written in the Polish language, though other languages used in Poland over the centuries (including Latin, Yiddish, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Belarusian and German) have also contributed to Polish literary traditions.
Polish local elections, 2006 2006 local elections were held in Poland on November 12 and November 26, 2006. In the first round there were elected 39,944 municipal (gmina) councillors, 6284 county (powiat) councillors and 561 voivodeship councillors.
Polish Labour Party The Polish Labour Party (Polska Partia Pracy, PPP) is a minor political party in Poland which describes itself as social democratic. It was created on November 11 2001 as the 'Alternative - Labour Party' (Alternatywa – Partia Pracy) and acquired its current name in 2004.
Polish Language Council The Polish Language Council (Rada Języka Polskiego in Polish) is the official language regulating organ of the Polish language. It was formed on September 9, 1996 as an advisory body to the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Polish Legions in Italy Polish Legions in Italy is the name applied to the several different Polish units serving in the French army from the 1790s to 1810s. After the third partition of Poland in 1795 many Poles believed that revolutionary France and its allies would come to the aid of Poland, as France's enemies included the partitioners of Poland (Prussia, Austria and Imperial Russia).
Polish Legions in World War I Polish Legions (Polish Legiony Polskie) was the name of Polish armed forces created in August of 1914 in Galicia. Thanks to the efforts of KSSN and the Polish members of the Austrian parliament, the unit became an independent formation of the Austro-Hungarian Army.
Polish Liquidation Committee Polish Liquidation Committee (full name in ) was a temporary Polish government body in Galicia after the end of World War I. Created on October 28 1918 with seat in Kraków, the Committee was headed by Wincenty Witos and Ignacy Daszyński.
Polish marka The marka (Marka polska, abbreviated mp, plural marki, marek) was the currency of the Kingdom of Poland and of the Republic of Poland between 1917 and 1924. It was subdivided into 100 fenigow (singular fenig), much like its German original after which it was modelled.

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