Encyclopedia

Pan flute The pan flute (also known as panpipes) is an ancient musical instrument based on the principle of the stopped pipe, consisting usually of ten or more pipes of gradually increasing length (and, at times, girth). The pan flute has long been popular as a folk instrument, and is considered the ancestor of both the pipe organ and the harmonica, or mouth organ.
Pan frying Pan frying is a form of frying characterized by the use of less cooking oil than deep frying; enough oil to, at most, cover the food to be cooked only half way. As a form of frying, pan frying relies on oil as the heat transfer medium and on correct temperature to retain the moisture in the food.
Pan Geng Pán Gēng of the Shāng Dynasty in China, in Chinese:"盤庚", born Zi Xun, in Chinese:"子旬", was a king of the Shāng Dynasty, the first archaeologically confirmed dynasty in Chinese history. He is best known for having moved the capital of the Shang Dynasty to Yīn, which today is at Ānyáng; in Hénán Province, China.
Pan Island Expressway The Pan Island Expressway (Abbreviation: PIE; Chinese: 泛岛高速公路, Pinyin: Fàndǎo Gāosù Gōnglù; Malay: Lebuhraya Seluruh Pulau) is the oldest and longest of Singapore's expressways. It extends along the length of the island, connecting Tuas in the west to Changi Airport in the east.
Pan Jun Pan Jun was a minister of the Kingdom of Shu during the Three Kingdoms Period of China. Pan Jun was skilled in domestic affairs, but was criticized many times for seeking only that of his own profit and for being rather untrustworthy.
Pan Jun Shun Pan-Jun-Shun (1889-1974), was the first Chinese national to be awarded the title Righteous Among the Nations for hiding and sheltering a Ukrainian Jewish girl during the occupation of part of the Soviet Union during World War II.
Pan Lin Pan Lin a fictional bandit of the Three Kingdoms Period and a member of the Shanyue in Ji. Pan Lin at one time caused widespread violence as a leader of people who refused to submit to that of the Kingdom of Wu.
Pan o palo Pan o Palo was a part of the motto of Porfirio Diaz that stated "Liberty, Order, Progress". "Pan o Palo" was the way the government would impose "order" other than providing elections that were rigged by Diaz himself.
Pan Pacific Hotels Pan Pacific Hotels is a hotel management company operating a brand of luxury hotels, owned and operated by the Tokyu Group, the largest hotel chain in Japan. It operates 19 hotels and resorts, all in the Asia-Pacific region.
Pan Peninsula Pan Peninsula is the name of a development in London Docklands, near South Quay Docklands Light Railway Station. Currently under construction, when complete it will contain the tallest residential tower in London (beating the Barbican Estate).
Pan Qingfu Pan Qingfu, also known as Grandmaster Pan, is a Chinese martial artist and one of the greatest living kung fu masters in the world. Currently living in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, Grandmaster Pan's awards include a Hall of Fame award from the United International Kung Fu Federation, a Hall of Fame Award from the World Christian Martial Arts Federation, the International Legend Hall of Fame award from the USA Wushu Kung Fu Federation and a Hall of Fame Award from Black Belt magazine.
Pan sauce A pan sauce is a type of sauce that is often made to accompany sauteed meats. Generally speaking, a pan sauce is made by cooking a meat at high temperature in a skillet, removing the meat once it is done, removing any excess fat, then de-glazing the pan with a liquid and incorporating the remaining browned material at the bottom of the pan.
Pan Tadeusz Pan Tadeusz, the full title in English: Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Foray in Lithuania: a History of the Nobility in the Years 1811 and 1812 in Twelve Books of Verse (Polish: Pan Tadeusz, czyli ostatni zajazd na Litwie. Historia szlachecka z roku 1811 i 1812 we dwunastu księgach wierszem) is an epic poem by the Polish poet, writer and philosopher Adam Mickiewicz.
Pan Twardowski Pan Twardowski (pronounced [pʌn tfʌr'dɒfski]) is a Polish folklore character, a sorcerer who entered a pact with the Devil. Similar to the figure of Faust in German literature, Pan Twardowski sold his soul in exchange for special powers – such as summoning up the spirit of Polish King Sigismund Augustus' deceased wife – and eventually met a tragic fate.
Pan Zareta Handicap The Pan Zareta Handicap is a race for thoroughbred horses run at the Fair Grounds Race Course, each fall. An ungraded stakes, the Pan Zareta is a 6 furlong sprint open to fillies and mares four years old and up.
Pan-Africa (2000 AD) Pan-Africa is what remains of Africa following the Atom Wars in the Judge Dredd comic book series, and is the home of several Megacities. A strip, Pan-African Judges by Paul Cornell and Siku, fleshed out most of its detail.
Pan-African Socialist Party Pan-African Socialist Party (French: Parti socialiste panafricain, PSP) was a Togolese political party advocating socialism and pan-Africanism, influenced by the French Communist Party (PCF). It was founded in the early 1990s in response to Togo's legalization of opposition parties.
Pan-African Union for Social Democracy The Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (Union Panafricaine pour la DĂ©mocratie Sociale) is a political party in Congo (Brazzaville), led by former president Pascal Lissouba. Kignomba Kia Mbougou, presidential candidate of the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy won at the presidential elections of 10 March 2002 2.
Pan-Africanism Pan-Africanism literally means 'all Africanism'. It is a sociopolitical world-view, as well as a movement, which seeks to unify and uplift both native Africans and those of the African diaspora, as part of a "global African community".
Pan-American Highway The Pan-American Highway (see below for its name in all languages) is a network of roads nearly 48,000 kilometres (29,800 miles) in total length. Except for an 87 kilometre (54 mi) rainforest gap, the road links the mainland nations of the Americas in a connected highway system.
Pan-American Institute of Geography and History The Pan American Institute of Geography and History is an international organisation dedicated to the generation and transference of knowledge specialized in the fields of cartography, geography, history and geophysics.
Pan-American Team Handball Federation The Pan-American Team Handball Federation, often referred to by the acronym PATHF, is the administrative and controlling body for North and South America team handball. It represents the national handball associations of North, Central and South America.
Pan-Americanism The struggle for independence after 1810 among the Latin American nations evoked a sense of unity, especially in South America where, under Simón Bolívar in the north and José de San Martín in the south, there were cooperative efforts. Francisco Morazán briefly headed a Central American Federation.
Pan-Arab colors Red, black, white, and green are the Pan-Arab colors and have their origins in the flag of the Arab Revolt. The first three, core colors are featured in the flags of Egypt and Yemen; together with green they are also on the flags of Palestine, Syria, Sudan, Western Sahara (SADR), Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Iraq.
Pan-Armenian National Movement The Pan-Armenian National Movement (Armenian: Հայոց Համազգային Շարժում or Hayots Hamazgain Sharzhum) is a political party in Armenia, presently without parliamentary representation. It was founded by Levon Ter-Petrossian in 1989 and became the ruling party when it swept the 1990 elections.
Pan-Asia Technical Automotive Center The Pan-Asia Technical Automotive Center (or PATAC) is a joint venture between General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation. It is a design and engineering center in Shanghai, China and is involved in engineering for GM products, including the GM Theta platform and Saturn VUE.
Pan-bagnat The Pan-bagnat (pahn bahn-YAH) is a sandwich that is a speciality of the region of Nice, France. The sandwich is composed of white bread around the classic Salade niçoise, a salad composed mainly out of raw vegetables, hard boiled eggs, anchovies and/or tuna, and olive oil.
Pan-Blue Coalition The Pan-Blue Coalition (), or Pan-Blue Force (), is a political coalition in the Republic of China, consisting of the Kuomintang (KMT), the People First Party (PFP), and the smaller New Party (CNP). The name comes from the party colors of the Kuomintang.
Pan-Caribbean Congress The Pan-Caribbean Congress (PCC) is a unitary Caribbean-wide political organisation which was formed officially on April 27, 2003 in Barbados. According to the earliest press releases there were six member-islands at time of formation.
Pan-European corridors The ten Pan-European transport corridors were defined at the second Pan-European transport Conference in Crete, March 1994, as routes in Central and Eastern Europe that required major investment over the next ten to fifteen years. Additions were made at the third conference in Helsinki in 1997.
Pan-European identity Pan-European identity refers to both the sense of personal identification with Europe, and to the identity possessed by 'Europe' as a whole. Although 250 million Europeans are outside it, 'Europe' is inaccurately but widely used as a synonym for the European Union.
Pan-European nationalism The idea that Europe should be united politically has been present in European culture since the Middle Ages, and inspired several proposals for some form of confederation. With the growth of nationalism in the 19th century, several pan-national ideas of Europe developed, some of them based on Aryanism and other race theories.
Pan-European Pipeline Pan-European is a proposed oil pipeline from ConstanĹŁa in Romania via Serbia and Croatia to a point near Rijeka and from there through Slovenia to Trieste in Italy. The aim of 1,319-kilometre long pipeline is to bypass Turkish straits in the transportation of Russian and Caspian oil.
Pan-Europeanism Pan-Europeanism refers to a normative belief in some form of European geopolitical entity, or political organisation or policy at a European level. Although, for instance, many people in Europe believe it shares some cultural and ethical values, pan-Europeanism implies political action on that basis - their inclusion in the European Constitution, for instance.
Pan-Germanism Pan-Germanism () was a political movement of the 19th century aiming for unity of the German-speaking peoples of Europe. Some radical German immigrants in America also sought a union with their German "brothers" back in Europe.
Pan-Green Coalition The Pan-Green Coalition () or Pan-Green Force (), is currently an informal political alliance in the Republic of China, consisting of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Taiwan Solidarity Union (TSU), and the minor Taiwan Independence Party (TAIP). The name comes from the colors of the Democratic Progressive Party, which originally adopted green in part because of its association with the environmental movement.
Pan-Horus Pan-Horus is a hypothetical planet "beyond Pluto," first described in the 1970s. There is little information on this body, but it already is in consideration by some astrologers to be a replacement for Venus as the leading planet for the Taurus astrological sign.
Pan-Iranism Pan-Iranism is an ideology that advocates solidarity and reunification of Iranian peoples living in the Iranian continent and Iranian plateau (falaat-e-Iran), including Baluchis and Ossetians, Kurds, Qizilbash, Hazaras, Pashtuns, Persians, Zazas, and Tajiks. Virtually all Pan-Iranists also include the Azeris, who although speak a Turkic language with considerable Persian vocabulary, have intermarried for centuries with Persians, form the second largest ethnic group in Iran and share much of the same ethnic, cultural, and historical roots with the other Iranian people.
Pan-nationalism Pan-nationalism is a form of nationalism distinguished by the large scale of the claimed national territory, and because it often defines the nation on the basis of a ‘’cluster’’ of cultures and ethnic groups. It shares the general nationalist ideology, that the nation is a fundamental unit of human social life, that it is the only legitimate basis for the state.
Pan-Nigerian alphabet The Pan-Nigerian Alphabet is a set of 33 Latin letters standardized by the National Language Centre of Nigeria in the 1980s. It is intended to be sufficient to write all the languages of Nigeria without using digraphs.
Pan-pan A call of pan-pan means that there is an emergency on board a boat, ship, aircraft or other vehicle but that, for the time being at least, there is no immediate danger to anyone's life or to the vessel itself. This is distinct from a Mayday call, which means that there is imminent danger to life or to the continued viability of the vessel itself.
Pan-Philippine Highway The Pan-Philippine Highway (also known as the Maharlika Highway) is a 2500 km network of roads, bridges, and ferry services that connect the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao in the Philippines, serving as the country's principal transport backbone.
Pan-Purple Coalition The Pan-Purple Coalition () or the Alliance of Fairness and Justice (AFJ, ) is a social activist umbrella group based in the Republic of China on Taiwan. The coalition brings together nine social welfare organizations and promotes the causes of the underprivileged.
Pan-Slavic colours The Pan-Slavic colours, red, blue and white, are colours used on the flags of some Slavic peoples and states in which the majority of inhabitants possess a Slavic background. Their use symbolizes the common origin of the Slavic peoples.
Pan-Slavism Pan-Slavism was a movement in the mid 19th century aimed at unity of all the Slavic people. The main focus was in the Balkans where Southern Slavs had been ruled over by the two great empires, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
Pan-STARRS Pan-STARRS (an acronym for Panoramic Survey Telescope And Rapid Response System) is a planned astronomical survey that will conduct astrometry and photometry of much of the entire sky on a continuous basis. By detecting any differences from previous observations of the same areas of the sky, it is expected to discover a very large number of new asteroids, comets, variable stars and other celestial objects.
Panabaj Panabáj, located on the edge of Lake Atitlán in the western highlands of Guatemala, was a small village (canton or aldea) within the municipality of Santiago Atitlán in the department of Sololá. Most of the 3,000 residents were Tzu'tujil Maya people.
Panacea (artist) Panacea (since 2005, The Panacea, real name Mathis Mootz, born August 19, 1976) is a German electronic musician and DJ best known for dark drum and bass, often bordering on hardcore. He served an apprenticeship in classical music and was a member of the boy's choir of Windsbach, then he served an apprenticeship at the Audio Engineering School.
Panacea (band) Panacea is a four-piece progressive rock band from Melbourne, Australia. It consists of Adam Buick on drums, James Paterson on lead guitar, Pawel Cholewa on vocals and rhythm guitar, and Mathew Eccleston on electric bass.
Panacea (medicine) The panacea (IPA ), named after the Greek goddess of healing Panacea, was supposed to be a remedy that would cure all diseases and prolong life indefinitely. It was sought by the alchemists as a connection to the elixir of life and the philosopher's stone, a mythical substance which would enable the transmutation of common metals into gold.
Panacea dreamweavers Panacea Dreamweavers is a Chennai, India-based startup that has done pioneering work in developing Tamil free software and open source tools and utilities. The company's offerings have been in the public domain for a few months now and have been extensively written about in the national media.
Panacea Society The Panacea Society is a Christian religious group based in Bedford, England. Notoriously secretive, they reached local headlines in 2002 when they were ordered by the Charity Commission of England to auction off many of their assets or risk losing their favourable tax benefits as a charity in law.
Panade à Champignac Panade à Champignac, written and drawn by Franquin, is the nineteenth album of the Spirou et Fantasio series. The story, along with Bravo les Brothers, appeared sequentially in Le Journal de Spirou, before released together as a hardcover album in 1969.
Panaenus Panaenus, brother of Pheidias, a Greek painter who worked in conjunction with Polygnotus and Micon at Athens. He also painted the marble sides of the throne of the statue of Zeus erected by his brother at Olympia.
Panaeolus subbalteatus Panaeolus subbalteatus is a common hallucinogenic mushroom that is widely distributed. A coprophilous (dung-inhabiting) species which also grows well in other habitats including fertilized lawns, haystacks, compost heaps, at racetracks and at riding stables in stable shavings of woodchips, hay and manure.
Panaetius Panaetius of Rhodes (c. 185-180 to 110-108 BCE), Greek Stoic philosopher, belonged to a Rhodian family, but was probably educated partly in Pergamum under Crates of Mallus and afterwards in Athens, where he attended the lectures of Diogenes of Babylon, Critolaus and Carneades.
Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou The Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO) is the largest African film festival. The festival is the biggest regular cultural event on the African continent and it mostly focuses on the African film and African filmmakers.
Panafrican Youth Union The Panafrican Youth Union (PYU) is the apex body for National Youth Coordinating Bodies and Mechanism in Africa,known formerly as the Panafrican Youth Movemnt (PYM) it was tranformed into the PYU at the organisitions 2003 congress in Windhoek, Namibia.
Panaga Panaga is an area of Brunei, located between the towns of Kuala Belait and Seria. It is home to a large number of expatriates due to a large concentration of Shell and British Army housing and facilities located in the area.
Panagiotis (ship) The Panagiotis (Greek: Παναγιώτης) is a picturesque shipwreck lying in the white sands of an exposed cove on the coast of Zakynthos, which is among the southern-most of the Ionian Islands of Greece. Navagio ("Shipwreck"), the spot where she lies, is a valued tourist attraction on the north-western side of the island, accommodating thousands of visitors each year.
Panagiotis Fasoulas Panagiotis Fasoulas (Greek: Παναγιώτης Φασούλας; born May 12 1963 in Thessaloniki, Greece) Nicknamed "the spider" (Greek: αράχνη) is a Greek former professional basketball player. During his professional career he played for PAOK BC and Olympiacos BC - with whom he won a European title in 1997.
Panagiotis Giannakis Panagiotis Giannakis (born 1 January 1959 in Athens; pronounced Yannakis, ; nickname "The Dragon") is an important figure in European basketball, with a brilliant career as both player and coach under his belt. Currently he coaches the Greek national team.
Panagiotis Chinofotis Admiral Panagiotis Chinofotis (Greek Παναγιώτης Χηνοφώτης, also transliterated Panayiotis Khinofotis, born August 12, 1949) is the current chief of the Hellenic National Defence General Staff.
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos Panagiotis Kanellopoulos (Greek: Παναγιώτης Κανελλόπουλος (Patra, Achaea, 13 December 1902 – 11 September 1986) was a distinguished Greek politician and Prime Minister. He was the democratically elected Prime Minister of Greece deposed by the Greek military junta of 1967-1974.
Panagis Tsaldaris Panagis Tsaldaris (1868-1936) (or Panagiotis Tsaldaris or Panayotis Tsaldaris, Greek: Παναγής Τσαλδάρης) was a revered conservative politician and leader for many years (1922-1936) of the dominant before the World War II People's Party.
Panagitsa (Arcadia), Greece Panagitsa (Greek: Παναγίτσα), also Panaghitsa, older form: Panayitsa is a community located at the 120th km of GR-33 in the municipality of Levidi in the northern part of the prefecture of Arcadia. It is located about 5 km north of GR-74.
Panagrellus redivivus The free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus is known to many aquarium enthusiasts and fishkeepers as the microworm. It is a tiny roundworm used as the first food for minuscule newly-hatched fish larvae, such as the popular pet fish betta.
Panagyurishte Nunatak Panagyurishte Nunatak (Nunatak Panagyurishte 'nu-na-tak pa-na-'gyu-ri-shte) is a rocky peak of elevation 150 m projecting from Yakoruda Glacier, Greenwich Island, Antarctica. The peak is named after the town of Panagyurishte in Central Bulgaria.
Panagyuriste treasure The Panagyurishte gold treasure (Bulgarian: Панагюрско златно съкровище) is a spectacular perfectly made Thracian treasure, one of the most famous treasures in the world. It was found accidentally by three workem digging for clay near the town of Panagyurishte in the Pazardzhik Province.
Panachaiko The Panachaicus (Greek, Modern: Παναχαϊκό, Ancient/Katharevousa: -on, commonly Panachaïkos or Panachaiko and Panahaiko, Voidia or Vodia in medieval, post-medieval and until the beginning of the 20th century. fr.
Panache Magazine Panache Magazine is an elite luxury magazine that was started in 2003. Described as the "authority on upscale living and shopping, online and in print," Panache Magazine is a publication that specifically caters to the most affluent men and women in the country.
Panachikkadu temple Panachikadu Temple is a Hindu temple for the goddess Saraswathi, situated at Panachikadu in Kerala. It is also known as the Dakshina Mookambika Temple as it is a Saraswathi temple located in the Southern region of the Indian peninsula.
Panait Istrati Panait (sometimes rendered as Panaït) Istrati (August 10 1884—April 18 1935) was a Romanian writer of French and Romanian expression, nicknamed The Maxim Gorky of the Balkans. Istrati was first noted for the depiction of one homosexual character in his work.
Panakas Panakas are the sacred (huaca) compounds of which there were 12-13 located in Cuzco in which the royal mummys of the preceding Incas were housed and honored by their own royal entourages and households between their necessary attendance in all civil-political rituals.
Panalpina Panalpina is a Swiss provider of forwarding and logistics services, specializing in intercontinental air and ocean freight and associated supply chain management solutions. It operates a network of some 500 branches in more than 80 countries; in a further 60 countries, the group cooperates closely with selected partners.
Panalure Kodak Panalure is a panchromatic black-and-white photographic printing paper. Panalure was developed to facilitate the printing of full-tone black-and-white images from color negatives – a difficult task with conventional orthochromatic papers due to the orange tint of the film base.
Panama Al Brown Alfonso Teofilo Brown (1902-1951), better known as Panama Al Brown was a bantamweight boxer from Panama who made history by becoming boxing's first hispanic world champion. Brown was a native of the city of Colon.
Panama Canal The Panama Canal () is a major ship canal that traverses the Isthmus of Panama in Central America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Construction of the canal was one of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken.
Panama Canal Authority The Panama Canal Authority (Spanish: Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, or ACP) is the agency of the government of Panama responsible for the operation and management of the Panama Canal. The ACP took over the administration of the Panama Canal from the Panama Canal Commission (the joint US-Panama agency that managed the Canal) on December 31, 1999, when the canal was handed over from the United States to Panama as the Torrijos-Carter Treaties stated.
Panama Canal Locks The Panama Canal Locks, which lift ships up 25.9 m (85 ft) to the main elevation of the Panama Canal, were one of the greatest engineering works ever to be undertaken at the time, eclipsed only by other parts of the canal project.
Panama Canal Zone The Panama Canal Zone (), was a 553 square mile (1,432 km²) territory inside of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending 5 miles (8.1 km) on each side of the centerline (but excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have fallen in part within the limits of the Canal Zone.
Panama City Panama City (Spanish: Ciudad de Panamá), population 708,738, with a total metro population of 1,063,000 is the capital of Panama, located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, at . Panama City is the political, administrative and cultural center of the country.
Panama City-Lynn Haven, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area The Panama City-Lynn Haven, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area is a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consisting of Bay County in the state of Florida in the USA. The principal cities in the MSA are Panama City and Lynn Haven.
Panama hat A Panama hat or just Panama is a traditional brimmed hat that is made from the plaited leaves of the panama-hat palm (Carludovica palmata). Despite the name, genuine Panama hats are made in Ecuador, not Panama; their name comes from the fact that they came to prominence during the construction of the Panama Canal when thousands of the hats were imported from Ecuador for use by the construction workers.
Panama scandals The Panama scandals (also known as the "Panama Canal Scandal") were a corruption affair in France in the late 19th century, linked to the building of the Panama Canal. A million francs were lost when the government took bribes not to tell the public that the Panama Canal company was in huge financial trouble.
Panama-California Exposition (1915) The Panama-California Exposition was an exposition held in San Diego, California between March 9, 1915 and January 1, 1917. The exposition celebrated the opening of the Panama Canal, and was meant to tout San Diego as the first US port of call for ships traveling north after passing through the canal.
Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915) The Panama-Pacific International Exposition (PPIE) was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California between February 20 and December 4 in 1915. Its ostensible purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely seen in the city as an opportunity to showcase its recovery from the 1906 earthquake.
Panamax Ships classified as Panamax are of the maximum dimensions that will fit through the locks of the Panama Canal. This size is determined by the dimensions of the lock chambers, and the depth of the water in the canal.
Panamericana TelevisiĂłn Panamericana TelevisiĂłn , Panamericana Television or Pantel is a Peruvian television network founded in 1958 when television first arrived in Peru. It first broadcast on Channel 13 in the UHF level but later moved to Channel 5 in metropolitan Lima.
Panamint Range The Panamint Range is a short rugged fault-block mountain range on the northern edge of the Mojave Desert in eastern California in the western United States. The range runs north-south for approximately 100 miles (160 km) through Inyo County, forming the western wall of Death Valley and separating it from the Panamint Valley to the west.
Pananandata Pananandata is a term used for the martial arts of the Philippines referring to the use of weapons, most often sticks, but also knives, swords and other implements. It generally does not refer to unarmed combat.
Panang beef Panang beef, (Panang Neu-ah) is a Thai dish based on beef in a curry sauce. The traditional dish contains beef cut in thin strips, kaffir lime leaves, coconut milk, pha-naeng curry paste, palm sugar, and fish sauce.
Panaque The genus Panaque contains a small number of small to medium sized armoured catfishes that are notable for being among the very few vertebrates that feed extensively on wood Particular adaptations to this diet include scraper-like teeth and symbiotic] [[gut bacteria that allow the fish to digest the wood. In addition, algae and aufwuchs are an important part of the diet, and they use their rasping teeth to scrape this from rocks.
Panarctic oils The Canadian government's eagerness to encourage Arctic Islands exploration, partly to assert Canadian sovereignty, led to the formation of Panarctic Oils in 1968. That company consolidated the interests of 75 companies and individuals with Arctic Islands land holdings plus the federal government as the major shareholder.
Panare Panare is a Cariban language, spoken by approximately 3,000-4,000 people in central Venezuela, Estado BolĂ­var (Bolivar State), generally south of the town of Caicara del Orinoco, south of the Orinoco River. There are several subdialects of the language.
Panarchism Panarchism is a political philosophy advocating the peaceful co-existence of all political systems, where each individual may voluntarily adhere to the system of their choice, free to join and leave the jurisdiction of the governments as they see fit. International law would be used to settle possible conflicts between individuals having chosen different systems of government.
Panarchy Panarchy is a conceptual term invented by the Belgian political scientist Paul Emile de Puydt in 1860. Panarchy is a means of viewing global development, and contradicts the traditional understanding of world hierarchy as being static and impervious to change.
Panarion Of early Christian heresiology, the Panarion (Greek: Πανάριον, "Medicine Chest"), also known as Adversus Haereses (Latin: "Against Heresies"), is the most important of the works of Epiphanius of Salamis (d. 403).
Panaro The Panaro is an Italian river and the final right-hand tributary to the Po, discounting the Cavo Napoleonico canal. It runs right across Emilia-Romagna in a north-easterly direction: from its source close to the Apennine watershed, where Emilia-Romagna meets Tuscany, to its outlet where the Po marks the region’s boundary with Veneto.
Panarthropoda Panarthropoda is a taxon combining the phyla Arthropoda, Tardigrada and Onychophora. Originally, they were considered to be closely related to the annelids, grouped together as the Articulata, but newer studies place them among a group called the Ecdysozoa.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.