Encyclopedia

Politics of Mali Politics of Mali takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Mali is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Malta Politics of Malta takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Malta is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Manchukuo Manchukuo was a nominally independent puppet state set up by the Empire of Japan in Manchuria (Northeastern China) which existed from 1931 to 1945. It was divided into five large prefectures or antos, each of which were in turn divided into various subprefectures.
Politics of Marshall, Texas The Politics of Marshall, Texas is centered on the city commission chaired by Ed Smith and other city commissioners, Ed Carlile, Jack Hester, Katie Jones, Mike McMurry, John Wilborn, and Alonza Williams, as well as City Manager Frank Johnson. Notable former commissioners include: Carolyn Abney, the first woman elected to the commission; Sam Birmingham, the first African-American commissioner and mayor; Jean Birmingham, the first African-American woman elected to the commission; and Audrey Kariel the first woman to be mayor and the first Jewish woman elected to the commission.
Politics of Mauritania Politics of Mauritania takes place in a framework of a military ruled republic, whereby the Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Mauritius Politics of Mauritius takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the prime minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Mayotte Politics of Mayotte takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of the General Council is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Mexico Politics of Mexico takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Moldova Politics of Moldova takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Monaco The politics of Monaco have traditionally been under the autocratic control of the Prince of Monaco, and from its founding the principality was a monarchy ruled by the House of Grimaldi; however, with the creation of a Constitution in 1911, the Prince relinquished his autocratic rule and the principality became a constitutional monarchy. Though he remains the head of state, some of his former power is now devolved to several advisory and legislative bodies.
Politics of Montenegro Politics of Montenegro (Политика Црне Горе, Tr. Politika Crne Gore) takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Montenegro is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.
Politics of Montserrat Politics of Montserrat takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency, whereby the Chief Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Montserrat is an internally self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom.
Politics of Morocco Politics of Morocco takes place in a framework of a parliamentary constitutional monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Morocco is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Mozambique Politics of Mozambique takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Mozambique is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Myanmar Politics of Myanmar (Burma) takes place in a framework of an authoritarian dictatorial republic which is controlled by the military (Tatmadaw) in the form of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). A parliamentary government was elected in 1990, but was not convened.
Politics of Nagorno-Karabakh Politics of Nagorno Karabakh takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Nagorno Karabakh is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Namibia Politics of Namibia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Namibia is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Nature Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences Into Democracy (2004, ISBN 0-674-01289-5) is an influential book by the French theorist and philosopher of science Bruno Latour. The book is an English translation by Catherine Porter of the French book, Politiques de la nature.
Politics of Nauru Politics of Nauru takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Nauru is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of New Caledonia Politics of New Caledonia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas country, whereby the President of the Government is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of New York The Politics of New York State tend to be more left-leaning than in most of the rest of the United States, with in recent decades a solid majority of Democratic voters, concentrated in New York City and its suburbs, and in the cities of Buffalo, Rochester and Albany. Republican voters, in the minority, are concentrated in more rural Upstate New York, particularly in the Adirondack Mountains, the Finger Lakes area and in parts of the Hudson Valley.
Politics of New Zealand Politics of New Zealand takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy. The basic system is closely patterned on that of the Westminster System, although a number of significant modifications have been made.
Politics of Nicaragua Politics of Nicaragua takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Nicaragua is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Niger Politics of Niger takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Niger is head of state and the Prime Minister of Niger head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Nigeria Politics of Nigeria takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Nigeria is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Niue Politics of Niue takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency, whereby the Chief Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Niue is self-governing in free association with New Zealand and is fully responsible for internal affairs.
Politics of Noam Chomsky Noam Chomsky is a widely known intellectual, political activist, and critic of the foreign policy of the United States and other governments. Chomsky describes himself as a libertarian socialist, an advocate of anarcho-syndicalism and is considered to be a key intellectual figure within the left wing of American politics.
Politics of North Korea The politics of North Korea take place in the framework of a formally democratic People's Republic, which in practice functions as a single-party state. North Korea's political system is built upon the principle of centralization.
Politics of Northwest Territories The politics of Northwest Territories have been centered around the struggle for responsible government and provincial rights. The inclusion of the aboriginal population into territorial affairs, and the official language question.
Politics of Norway Politics of Norway takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Norway is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Oklahoma Until 1964, Oklahoma was considered a "swing state" in American politics, meaning, Oklahoma went back and forth between supporting the two major parties (Democrats and Republicans). The Republican candidate has carried Oklahoma in every Presidential election since 1968, mostly by large margins.
Politics of Oman Politics of Oman takes place in a framework of an absolute monarchy whereby the Sultan of Oman is not only head of state, but also the head of government. Chief of state and government is the hereditary sultan, Qabūs ibn Saˤīd as-Saˤīd, who appoints a cabinet to assist him.
Politics of Ontario The Province of Ontario is governed by a unicameral legislature, the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, which operates in the Westminster system of government. The political party that wins the largest number of seats in the legislature normally forms the government, and the party's leader becomes premier of the province, i.
Politics of present-day nations and states Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. The entries are listed below.
Politics of Pakistan In recent history, Pakistani political processes have taken place in the framework of a federal republic, where the system of government has at times been parliamentary, presidential, or semi-presidential. In the current semi-presidential system, the President of Pakistan is the head of state, the Prime Minister is head of government, and there is a pluriform multi-party system.
Politics of Palau Politics of Palau takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Palau is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Panama Politics of Panama takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Panama is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Papua New Guinea Politics of Papua New Guinea takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy within the Commonwealth, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Papua New Guinea is an independent country and Commonwealth Realm.
Politics of Paraguay Politics of Paraguay takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Paraguay is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Peru Politics of Peru takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Peru is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Poland Politics of Poland takes place in the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Poland is the head of government and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Portugal Politics of Portugal takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers.
Politics of Prince Edward Island The politics of Prince Edward Island are centred on a provincial government resembling that of the other Canadian provinces. The capital of the province of Prince Edward Island is Charlottetown, where reside the premier, provinicial legislature, lieutenant-governor and cabinet.
Politics of Puerto Rico Politics of Puerto Rico takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic system, whereby the Governor of Puerto Rico is head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Puerto Rico is a Commonwealth in political union with the United States].
Politics of Rhodesia Rhodesia was a democratic nation in the sense that it had the Westminster parliamentary system with multiple political parties contesting the seats in parliament, but as the voting was dominated by the White settler minority and that the black Africans only had a minority level of representation at that time, it was regarded as a racist state internationally.
Politics of Romania Politics of Romania take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Romania is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Russia The politics of Russia (the Russian Federation) take place in a framework of a federal presidential republic. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a pluriform multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President by the parliament's approbation.
Politics of Rwanda Politics of Rwanda takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Rwanda is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Saint Helena Politics of Saint Helena takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency, whereby the Governor is the head of government. Saint Helena, an island in the southern Atlantic Ocean, is an internally self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom.
Politics of Saint Kitts and Nevis The politics of Saint Kitts and Nevis takes place in the framework of an independent federal parliamentary democratic Commonwealth Realm with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state, represented in St. Kitts and Nevis by a governor-general.
Politics of Saint Lucia Politics of Saint Lucia takes place in the framework of an independent parliamentary democratic Commonwealth Realm with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state, represented by a Governor General, who acts on the advice of the prime minister and the cabinet. The prime minister is the leader of the majority party of the house, and the cabinet conducts affairs of state.
Politics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Politics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines takes place in the framework of an independent parliamentary democratic Commonwealth Realm with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state, represented by a Governor General, who acts on the advice of the prime minister and the cabinet. The prime minister is the leader of the majority party of the house, and the cabinet conducts affairs of state.
Politics of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of the General Council is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Samoa Politics of Samoa takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Samoa is the head of government. The government generally controls the legislative assembly as it is formed from the party which controls the majority seats in the assembly.
Politics of San Marino Politics of San Marino takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Captains Regent are the heads of state, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Saudi Arabia Politics of Saudi Arabia takes place in a framework of an absolute monarchy whereby the King of Saudi Arabia is not only head of state, but also the head of government. The central institution of Saudi Arabian Government is the monarchy.
Politics of São Tomé and Príncipe The Politics of São Tomé and Príncipe take place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of São Tomé and Príncipe is head of state and the Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe is head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Senegal Politics of Senegal takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Senegal is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Serbia Politics of Serbia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Serbia is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Serbia and Montenegro Politics of Serbia and Montenegro took place in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic, with a multi-party system. The President of Serbia and Montenegro was both head of state and, as chairman of the Council of Ministers of Serbia and Montenegro, head of government.
Politics of Seychelles Politics of Seychelles takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Seychelles is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Shanghai The Politics of Shanghai is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the last few decades the city has produced many of the country's eventual senior leaders.
Politics of Sierra Leone Politics of Sierra Leone takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Sierra Leone is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Singapore The politics of Singapore takes place in a framework of a parliamentary republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Singapore is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Slovakia Politics of Slovakia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, with a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in the parliament and it can be exerced in some cases also by the government or directly by citizens.
Politics of Slovenia Politics of Slovenia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Slovenia is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Somalia The politics of Somalia are defined by the state of civil war which, since 1991, has divided the country into various warring entities and autonomist and seccessionist regions. One area in the northwest, Somaliland, forms a stable although internationally unrecognized de facto sovereign state.
Politics of Somaliland The Politics of Somaliland take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, with the President as head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of South Korea Politics of South Korea takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the head of state, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Spain Politics of Spain takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy, whereby the Monarch is the Head of State and the President of the Government is the head of government and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Sri Lanka Politics of Sri Lanka takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Sri Lanka is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Sudan Politics of Sudan takes place in the framework of an authoritarian republic in which all effective political power is in the hands of President Omar Hassan al-Bashir. Bashir and his party have controlled the government since he led the military coup on 30 June 1989.
Politics of Suriname Politics of Suriname takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Suriname is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Swaziland Politics of Swaziland takes place in a framework of an absolute monarchy. Swaziland today is foremost ruled by a monarch, although for all of its administrative history prior to British colonization in 1903, it might have more properly been called a diarchy.
Politics of Sweden Politics of Sweden takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Sweden is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of Switzerland Politics of Switzerland takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary democratic republic, whereby the Federal Council of Switzerland is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the 2000s * The Israeli-Palestinian conflict continues in the 2000s. The Al-Aqsa Intifada results in violence, claiming the lives of more than 3,900 people Peace negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians remain stagnant during this period, although in 2005] the Israeli government enacts its [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|unilateral disengagement plan which removes Israeli settlements from Gaza.
Politics of the Bahamas Politics of the Bahamas takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. The Bahamas is an independent country and Commonwealth Realm.
Politics of the British Virgin Islands Politics of the British Virgin Islands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency, whereby the Chief Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. The British Virgin Islands is an internally self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom.
Politics of the Cayman Islands Politics of the Cayman Islands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic overseas territory, whereby the Leader of Government Business is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the Central African Republic Politics of the Central African Republic takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government (with an executive Prime Minister). Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the Cook Islands Politics of the Cook Islands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic associated state, whereby the Queen of New Zealand, represented in the Cook Islands by the Queen's Representative, is the Head of State, and the Chief Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. The Islands are self-governing in free association with New Zealand and are fully responsible for internal affairs.
Politics of the Czech Republic Politically, the Czech Republic is a multi-party parliamentary representative democratic republic. According to the Constitution of the Czech Republic, President is the head of state while the Prime Minister is the head of government, exercising supreme executive power.
Politics of the Dominican Republic Politics of the Dominican Republic takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of the Dominican Republic is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the Faroe Islands Politics of the Faroe Islands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency, whereby the Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. The Faroe Islands are politically associated with the Kingdom of Denmark, but have been self-governing since 1948.
Politics of the Federated States of Micronesia Politics of the Federated States of Micronesia takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of the Federated States of Micronesia is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the Gambia Politics of the Gambia takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of The Gambia is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the Highland council area Politics in the Highland Council area, Scotland, are evident in the deliberations and decisions of the Highland Council, in elections to the council, and in elections to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster) and the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood). In the European Parliament the area is within the Scotland constituency, which coveres all of the 32 council areas of Scotland.
Politics of the Isle of Man Politics of the Isle of Man takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic British Crown dependency, whereby the Chief Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the Isle of Wight As a geographical entity distinct from the mainland, the Isle of Wight has always fought to have this identity recognised. The Isle of Wight is currently a Ceremonial and Non-metropolitan county and as it has no district councils (only the county council) it is effectively a Unitary county.
Politics of the Marshall Islands Politics of the Marshall Islands takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, and of an emerging pluriform multi-party system. , whereby the President of the Marshall Islands is both head of state and head of government.
Politics of the Netherlands Antilles Politics of the Netherlands Antilles, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic country, whereby the prime minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the Northern Mariana Islands Politics of the Northern Mariana Islands takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic system, whereby the Governor is head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. The Northern Mariana Islands are a commonwealth in political union with the United States.
Politics of the Oak Ridges Moraine The politics of the Oak Ridges Moraine have centred on the question of how to preserve this extensive natural resource that is increasingly threatened by human modification. Although preservation of the moraine was first suggested in the 1940s, and intermittently over the subsequent fifty years, it was not until 1991 that the issue achieved prominence in political discourse.
Politics of the Philippines The political system in the Philippines takes place in an organized framework of a presidential, representative, and democratic republic whereby the president is both the head of state and the head of government within a pluriform multi-party system. This system revolves around three separate and sovereign yet interdependent branches: the legislative branch (the law-making body), the executive branch (the law-enforcing body), and the judicial branch (the law-interpreting body).
Politics of the Pitcairn Islands Politics of the Pitcairn Islands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency, whereby the Mayor is the head of government. The territories constitution is the Local Government Ordinance of 1964.
Politics of the Republic of China Politics of the Republic of China takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the premier (President of the Executive Yuan) is head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the Republic of Ireland Politics of Ireland (the Republic of Ireland) takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Taoiseach (Prime Minister) is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the Republic of Macedonia Politics of the Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) occurs within the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Politics of the Republic of the Congo Politics of the Republic of the Congo takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.

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