Encyclopedia

Popular Republican Movement The Popular Republican Movement (Mouvement RĂ©publicain Populaire or MRP) was a French Christian democratic party of the Fourth Republic. Its leaders included Georges Bidault, Robert Schuman, Paul Coste-Floret, Pierre-Henri Teitgen and Pierre Pflimlin.
Popular Revolutionary Army The Popular Revolutionary Army or Ejército Popular Revolucionario is a leftist guerrilla movement in Mexico. Though it operates mainly in the state of Guerrero, it has also conducted operations in Oaxaca, Chiapas, and other states.
Popular Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Palestine Popular Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية الثورية لتحرير فلسطين) was a Palestinian militant group. PRFLP surged in February 1972, following a split from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.
Popular science Popular science is interpretation of science intended for a general audience, rather than for other scientists or students. Popular science is presented in many formats, including television documentaries and magazine articles.
Popular sovereignty Popular sovereignty is the doctrine that the state is created by and therefore subject to the will of its people, who are the source of all political power. It is closely associated to the social contract philosophers, among whom are Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Popular Social Christian Party The Popular Social Christian Party (Spanish: Partido Popular Social Cristiano - PPSC), a 1978 off-shoot of the Social Christian Party is a Nicaraguan political party. The PPSC got 6 seats (out of 90) in the 1984 Legislative elections and 3 seats (out of 110) seats in the 1990 elections.
Popular Socialism Popular Socialism (Danish: Folkesocialisme) is a distinct Scandinavian socialist current. Around the world there are many parties called Popular Socialist Party or likewise, which does not really imply any specific ideological direction.
Popular Socialist Party (Spain) The Popular Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Popular) was a Spanish political party which emerged in 1968 as 'Partido Socialista del Interior' or Inner Socialist Party. During the Francisco Franco dictatorship it was an illegal underground movement on University Campuses, and it adopted the Popular Socialist Party name in 1974.
Popular Unitary Action Movement The Popular Unitary Action Movement or MAPU (Spanish: Movimiento de AcciĂłn Popular Unitario) is a small leftist political party in Chile. It was part of the Popular Unity coalition during the government of Salvador Allende.
Popular Unity People's Unity, or Popular Unity (Spanish: Unidad Popular or UP) was the popular front or united front coalition of leftist political parties and communist parties in Chile that stood behind the successful candidacy of Salvador Allende for the 1970 Chilean presidential election.
Popular Unity Party - Socialist Party Sameiningarflokkur alþýðu (The People's Unity Party), generally referred to as Sósíalistaflokkurinn (The Socialist Party) was an Icelandic political party which functioned from 1938 to 1968, when the Alþýðubandalagið party was created.
Popular Vanguard Party The People's Vanguard Party, or Popular Vanguard Party (in Spanish: Partido Vanguardia Popular) is a communist party in Costa Rica. PVP was founded in 1931 as the Communist Party of Costa Rica (Partido Comunista de Costa Rica).
Popular-UDEUR The Popular-UDEUR (Italian: Popolari-UDEUR) is a small centrist political party in Italy, led by Clemente Mastella. It is affiliated to the European People's Party, and is part of the centre-left alliance The Union.
Populares Populares ("Favoring the people", singular popularis) were aristocratic leaders in the late Roman Republic who tended to use the peoples' assemblies in an effort to break the stranglehold of the nobiles and optimates on political power.
Popularism Popularism (italian: popolarismo) is a political doctrine conceived by Don Luigi Sturzo as a middle way between Socialism and Liberalism and opposed to Fascism because of its stress on Democracy. It was the basis for the Italian People's Party (Italian: Partito Popolare Italiano) and, after World War II, contributed in the founding of European Christian Democracy.
Popularity Popularity the quality of being well-liked or common. Popularity figures are an important part of many people's personal value systems, and forms a vital component of success in people-oriented fields such as politics.
Population ageing In demographics, population ageing or population aging (see English spelling differences) occurs when the median age of a country or region rises. With the exception of 18 countries termed by the United Nations 'demographic outliers' (see the Ud 2005 Human Development Report) this process is taking place in every country and region across the globe.
Population Action International Population Action International is a nonprofit founded 1965 (then called "Population Crisis Committee") as an "independent policy advocacy group working to strengthen political and financial support worldwide for population programs grounded in individual rights".
Population bottleneck A population bottleneck (or genetic bottleneck) is an evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing, and the population is reduced by 50% or more, often by several orders of magnitude.
Population coding Population encoding is a means by which information about something is encoded in a group of neurons. In population encoding, each neuron has a distribution of responses over some set of inputs, and the responses of many neurons may be combined to determine some value about the inputs.
Population control Population control is the practice of limiting population increase, usually by reducing the birth rate. The practice has sometimes been voluntary, as a response to poverty, or out of religious ideology, but in some times and places it has been government-mandated.
Population cycle A population cycle in zoology is a phenomenon where populations rise and fall over a predictable period of time. Because there are a number of factors which influence population change such as availability of food, predators, diseases and climate.
Population Clock The Population Clock is the United States Census Bureau's continuously active approximations of both the population of the United States and the world's total population. The population totals are based on the latest census information and national population estimates, which are used in the algorithms that run the two clocks.
Population Communications International Population Communications International is a nonprofit organization dedicated to encouraging third-world population control, as well as other goals, through the use of fictional stories. It was founded by David Poindexter in 1985.
Population Council The Population Council is an international, nonprofit, non-governmental organization. The Council conducts biomedical, social science, and public health research and helps build research capacities in developing countries.
Population decline In demography population decline is a temporal reduction in a region's census. It can be caused by sub-replacement fertility (along with limited immigration) or heavy emigration; more dramatically: disease, famine, or war.
Population dynamics Population dynamics is the study of marginal and long-term changes in the numbers, individual weights and age composition of individuals in one or several populations, and biological and environmental processes influencing those changes.
Population ecology Population ecology is a major subfield of ecology—one that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment. The older term, autecology refers to the roughly same field of study, coming from the division of ecology into autecology—the study of individual species in relation to the environment—and synecology—the study of groups of organisms in relation to the environment—or community ecology.
Population exchange between Greece and Turkey The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey refers to the first large scale population exchange, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century. It involved some two million persons, most forcibly made refugees and de jure denaturalized from homelands of centuries or millennia, in a treaty promoted and overseen by the international community as part of the Treaty of Lausanne.
Population genetics Population genetics is the study of the allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four evolutionary forces: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. It also takes account of population subdivision and population structure in space.
Population genetics of the British Isles Population genetics of the British Isles is an emerging sub-field within the science of Population genetics which studies the allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four evolutionary forces: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow, taking into account population subdivision and population structure in space and attempting to explain such phenomena as adaptation and speciation within the current population of the British Isles.
Population geography Population Geography is a division of Human Geography. It is the study of the ways in which spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations are related to the nature of places.
Population groups in biomedicine Biomedical researchers subdivide populations into groups with the goal of improving the prevention and treatment of diseases. Many studies have found that disease susceptibility and environmental responses vary among U.
Population growth Population growth is change in population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population per unit time. The term population growth can technically refer to any species, but almost always refers to humans, and it is often used informally for the more specific demographic term population growth rate (see below), and is often used to refer specifically to the growth of the population of the world.
Population history of American indigenous peoples Millions of indigenous people lived in the Americas when the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus began an historical period of large-scale European contact with the Americas. European contact with what they called the "New World" led to the European colonization of the Americas, with millions of emigrants (willing and unwilling) from the "Old World" eventually resettling in the Americas.
Population inversion In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, a population inversion occurs when a system (such as a group of atoms or molecules) exists in state with more members in an excited state than in lower energy states. The concept is of fundamental importance in laser science because the production of a population inversion is a necessary step in the workings of a laser.
Population mobility Population mobility, geographic mobility or more simply mobility is a statistic that measures migration within a population. It is most commonly used in demography and human geography, it may also be used to describe the movement of animals between populations.
Population momentum Population momentum is an effect which causes population growth. This phenomenon refers to the percentage of the population that are in their child bearing years who have not yet had children, and thus are scheduled to eventually have children which add to the population through reproduction.
Population of England Due to the lack of authoritative contemporary sources, estimates of the population of England for dates prior to the first census in 1801 vary considerably. It has been suggested that even the 1801 census may have left up to 250,000 people uncounted.
Population of Native California Estimates of the Population of Native California have varied substantially, both with respect to its pre-contact levels and for changes during subsequent periods. Pre-contact estimates range from 133,000 to 705,000 with some recent scholars concluding that these estimates are low.
Population of Slough The modern town of Slough grew from the parish of Upton-cum-Chalvey, Buckinghamshire, England. The populations given below are for the successive institutional areas of the principal local government level that could be recognised as Slough.
Population process In applied probability, a population process is a Markov chain in which the state of the chain is analogous to the number of individuals in a population (0, 1, 2, etc.), and changes to the state are analogous to the addition or removal of individuals from the population.
Population pyramid A population pyramid is two back-to-back bar graphs, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a particular population in five-year age groups (also called cohorts). Males are conventionally shown on the left and females on the right, and they may be measured by raw number or as a percentage of the total population.
Population regression function The population regression function (PRF) is a linear function that is derived from the sample regression function (SRF) which represent the population and sample regression lines, respectively. The SRF can be expressed as: the estimated dependent variable (Y) equals the estimated beta1 parameter value plus the estimated beta2 parameter value multiplied by the explanatory variable (X) plus the (sample) estimated residual (denoted as u-hat sub i).
Population Registration Act The Population Registration Act of 1950 required that each inhabitant of South Africa be classified and registered in accordance with their racial characteristics as part of the system of apartheid [http://www.transformation.
Population Research Institute The Population Research Institute (PRI) is a non-profit organization based in Virginia. The PRI describes itself as "a non-profit research and educational organization dedicated to objectively presenting the truth about population-related issues.
Population spike In neuroscience, a population spike (PS) is the shift in electrical potential as a consequence of the movement of ions involved in the generation and propagation of action potentials. Population spikes often reflect synaptically induced firing and therefore, they can be classified as a type of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials.
Population statistics in Sweden In 1749, Sweden established a system for population statistics (Tabellverket) that annually presented data for important demographic events in the 2500 parishes of the country. Taxation records and church book registration were important antecedents, as were the temporal events of wars, famines, and raging epidemics.
Population transfer Population transfer is a term referring to a policy by which a state, or international authority, forces the movement of a large group of people out of a region, most frequently on the basis of their ethnicity or religion. By contrast, individuals and smaller groups may be banished or exiled for their political sympathies or for other reasons.
Population transfer in the Soviet Union Population transfer in the Soviet Union may be classified into the following broad categories: deportations of "anti-Soviet" categories of population, often classified as "enemies of workers", deportations of nationalities, labor force transfer, and organized migrations in opposite directions to fill the ethnically cleansed territories. In most cases their destinations were underpopulated remote areas, see Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union.
Population viability analysis Population viability analysis (PVA) is a species-specific method of risk assessment frequently used in conservation biology. It is traditionally defined as the process that determines the probability that a population will go extinct within a given number of years.
Populist Party (United States) The Populist Party (also known as the People's Party) was a short-lived political party in the United States in the late 19th century. It flourished particularly among western farmers, based largely on its opposition to the gold standard.
Populist Party of America (2002) The Populist Party of America, founded in 2002, is a political party that claims to offer "real solutions" to American problems through the establishment of what they call a "constitutional democracy". The party believes that power in the hands of "political elites" has a much greater chance for corruption, and that prosperity can only exist when the sovereign people of the nation are in charge of their own political destiny.
Populist Party of Maryland The Populist Party of Maryland (PPMD) originated as a vehicle for ballot access for the 2004 Ralph Nader presidential campaign. Unlike such groups in other states, the PPMD organization has survived beyond 2004, laboring to field candidates for local political offices.
Populous Populous is a computer game developed by Bullfrog in 1989 and is regarded by many as being the seminal god game. In 1991, Populous won the Origins Award for Best Military or Strategy Computer Game of 1990 as well as 1990 Computer Game of the Year in American video game magazine Video Games & Computer Entertainment.
Populous: The Beginning Populous: The Beginning - is the third of the PC strategy god games of the Populous series, developed by Bullfrog Productions in 1998, and often considered the definitive version. Developed by Climax, a version of Populous: The Beginning became available on the PlayStation in 1999.
Populus tremuloides Populus tremuloides, the Quaking Aspen or Trembling Aspen, is a deciduous tree native to cooler areas of North America, with the northern limit determined by its intolerance of permafrost. It occurs across Canada in all provinces and territories (with the possible exception of Nunavut).
Populus trichocarpa Populus trichocarpa (Black Cottonwood; also known as Western Balsam Poplar or California Poplar) is a tree species native to western North America. It is used for timber, and is notable as a model organism in plant biology.
PoPoLoCrois PoPoLoCrois is a video game for the PSP, PlayStation, and PlayStation 2. Its previous PlayStation release was only released in Japan, along with its four sequels, The PSP release is the first release in the USA and Europe.
Poquessing Creek Poquessing Creek is a small creek that forms part of the boundary between Bucks County and the northeast section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The creek arises in Trevose and flows in a meandering path of almost 7 miles (11.
Por Intharapalit Por Intharapalit () was the pen name of Preecha Intharapalit (Thai: ปรีชา อินทรปาลิต, May 12 1910 – September 25, 1968), a Thai humorist and writer. Among his works was the Samgler (Three Chums) series of comic short stories, of which he wrote nearly 2,000.
Por Siempre Beatles Por Siempre Beatles is a Beatles compilation album released in Spain in 1971 (EMI/Odeon J060-04973). The album, whose title translates, "Forever Beatles" or "Beatles Forever," is best remembered for the inclusion of two b-sides, "The Inner Light", which was the b-side to "Lady Madonna," and "I'm Down," the b-side to "Help!
Por una Cabeza "Por una Cabeza", meaning in Spanish "by a head [of a horse]" is a popular tango song composed in 1935 by Carlos Gardel and Alfredo Le Pera. Gardel was more of the composer and Le Pera more of the lyricist.
Porae The porae or blue morwong, Nemadactylus douglasii, is a morwong of the genus Nemadactylus, found around south eastern Australia and the north eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand at depths of about 10 to 100 metres, on sandy and rocky coasts. Its length is between 40 and 70 cm.
Porajmos The Porajmos (also Porrajmos) literally Devouring, or Samudaripen (Mass killing) is a term coined by the Roma (Gypsy) people to describe attempts by the Nazi regime to exterminate most of the Roma peoples of Europe during The Holocaust. The phenomenon has been little studied and largely overshadowed by the Shoah (the Hebrew term for the Nazi campaign to exterminate Jews).
Porangahau Porangahau is a small township close to the Pacific Ocean coast of the southeastern North Island of New Zealand. It is in the southernmost part of Hawke's Bay, 45 kilometres south of Waipukurau, and close to the mouth of the Porangahau River.
Porcelain Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating selected and refined materials often including clay in the form of kaolinite to high temperatures. Raw materials for porcelain, when mixed with water, form a plastic paste that can be worked to a required shape before firing in a kiln at temperatures between about 1200 and 1400 degrees Celsius.
Porcelain crab Porcelain crabs are decapod crustaceans in the family Porcellanidae, which superficially resemble true crabs. They are a good example of carcinisation, whereby a non-crab-like animal (in this case a relative of a squat lobster) evolves into an animal that only a specialist would know is not a true crab.
Porcelina of the Vast Oceans "Porcelina of the Vast Oceans" is the thirteenth song from The Smashing Pumpkins' third studio album Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness. Written by Billy Corgan, the song slowly builds up before reaching a crescendo at 2:13.
Porcellino Il Porcellino (Italian "piglet") is the local Florentine name for the bronze fountain of a boar Il Cinghiale in the Mercato Nuovo in Florence, Italy. The fountain figure was sculpted and cast by Baroque master Pietro Tacca (1577 –1640) in 1612, following a marble Italian copy of a Hellenistic marble original, at the time in the Grand Ducal collections of the Uffizi, but which has since been lost or destroyed.
Porcia (sister of Cato the Younger) Porcia (Before 95 BC-46/45 BC) was the daughter Marcus Porcius Cato Salonianus and Livia Drusa. She was the elder sister of Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis and the younger half-sister of Servilia Caepionis, the younger Servilia and Quintus Servilius Caepio.
Porcia Catonis Porcia Catonis (Around 70 BC-42 BC) was a Roman woman, daughter of Marcus Porcius Cato Uticencis and his first wife Atilia. She is best known for being the second wife of Marcus Junius Brutus, the most famous of Julius Caesar's assassins, as well as her famed suicide reputedly by swallowing live coals.
Porcine endogenous retrovirus Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) can infect human cell lines in vitro; hence, there is a presumed risk of viral exposure to a recipient when pig cells are transplanted into humans (xenotransplantation). Nonhuman primates (NHP) are considered a potential permissive animal model to study the risk of in vivo infection of PERV after xenotransplantation.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is a virus that causes a disease of pigs, called Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS). This economically important pandemic disease causes reproductive failure in breeding stock and respiratory tract illness in young pigs.
Porcupine caribou The Porcupine caribou (Rangifer tarandus grantii) herd is located in the northern Yukon and Alaska. Their name does not derive from the animal porcupine, but from the Porcupine River which runs through a large part of their range.
Porcupine Flat Porcupine Flat, located in northern area of Yosemite National Park along Tioga Road (HWY 120), is a first-come first-served campground outside of Yosemite Valley. This campground is very remote, very quiet, and very unpopulated relative to other campgrounds in Yosemite.
Porcupine Mountains The Porcupine Mountains, or Porkies, are a group of small mountains spanning across the northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan in Ontonagon and Gogebic counties, near the shore of Lake Superior. The area is part of the Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park.
Porcupine Mountains Music Festival The Porcupine Mountains Music Festival is a three-day festival of folk, jazz, blues and other traditional music that has been held annually during the last weekend in August in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the vicinity of Ontonagon, Michigan by the non-profit Friends of the Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park since 2005.
Porcupine River The Porcupine River is a river in Alaska and in the Yukon. Having its source in the Ogilvie Mountains north of Dawson City, Yukon, it flows north, veers to the southwest, goes through the community of Old Crow, Yukon, flowing into the Yukon River at Fort Yukon, Alaska.
Pore water In oceanography and limnology, porewater refers to water which fills the interstitial space between sediment grains in sedimentary deposits. Porewater may be displaced due to the activities of benthic fauna (animals) such as bioturbation and bioirrigation, or by physical processes such as compaction.
Pore water pressure Pore water pressure refers to the pressure of groundwater held within a soil or rock, in gaps between particles (pores). For example, in a high permeability soil, the pressure would be close to hydrostatic in no flow conditions.
Porečka River The Porečka reka (Serbian Cyrillic: Поречка река) is a river in eastern Serbia, a 50 km-long right tribtuary to the Danube in the Đerdap gorge. It originates from two headstreams, the Šaška and the Crnajka rivers which meet at the village of Markova Kula.
Porenut Porenut was one of the Slavic deities worshipped by the Polabian Slavs in the town of Korzenica (nowadays Garz) on Rugia. In a wooden temple a wooden statue of four-faced Porenut was held (with the fifth face placed on his chest).
Porepunkah, Victoria Porepunkah is a town in north east Victoria, Australia. The town is located on the Great Alpine Road, at the foot of Mount Buffalo 308 kilometres north east of the state capital, Melbourne and only 5 kilometres north west of Bright.
Pores of Kohn The Pores of Kohn are pores between adjacent alveoli, or interalveolar connections. They function as a means of collateral ventilation; that is, if the lung is partially deflated, ventilation can occur to some extent through these pores.
Porfi Altamirano Porfirio Altamirano RamĂ­rez (born May 17, 1952 in Ciudad DarĂ­o, Nicaragua) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed middle relief pitcher who played for the Philadelphia Phillies (1982-83) and Chicago Cubs (1984).
Porfirio Díaz José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mory (15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), Mexican war volunteer and French intervention hero; later President. He ruled Mexico from 1876 to 1880 (with exception of months) and from 1884 to 1911.
Porfirio Rubirosa Porfirio Rubirosa Ariza, (January 22, 1909 in San Francisco de MacorĂ­s, Dominican Republic - July 5, 1965 in Bois de Boulogne, France) was a Dominican diplomat, polo player and Formula One race car driver, but was best known as an international playboy for his jet setting lifestyle and legendary prowess with women.
Porglish Porglish is a portmanteau of the words portuguĂŞs (Portuguese) and English (inglĂŞs). It refers to various types of language contact between Portuguese and English which have occurred in regions where the two languages coexist.
Porgy and Bess Porgy and Bess is an opera with music by George Gershwin, libretto by DuBose Heyward, and lyrics by Ira Gershwin and Heyward. It was based on Heyward's novel Porgy and the play of the same name that he co-wrote with his wife Dorothy.
Porgy and Bess (1951 album) This 1951 recording of George Gershwin's opera Porgy and Bess was the first "complete" recording of the work from beginning to end, not a series of selections of popular songs from the work. (The recording did not include most of the music written by Gershwin which had been customarily cut from productions in the United States, however.
Porgy and Bess (2006) Porgy and Bess, (2006) first recording of George Gershwin's original 1935 production. This studio recording is based on semi-staged performances which took place on February 24 and 25, 2006 at the Tennessee Performing Arts Center in Nashville, with Alvy Powell as Porgy, Marquita Lister as Bess, Nicole Cabell as Clara and Robert Mack as Sportin' Life.
Porgy and Bess (Glyndebourne album) Porgy and Bess is a recording of the Glyndebourne Festival Opera version of the George Gershwin opera of the same name. The cast were accompanied by the London Philharmonic Orchestra under the direction of Simon Rattle.
Porgy and Bess discography Porgy and Bess, the opera by George Gershwin, has been recorded by a variety of artists since it was completed in 1935, including renditions by jazz instrumentalists and vocalists, in addition to operatic treatments.
Porgy and Bess: A Symphonic Picture Arranged by Gershwin's good friend Robert Russell Bennett in 1942, Porgy and Bess: A Symphonic Picture includes most of the best-known songs from the Gershwin opera, though not exactly in the order of their appearance. Though the Symphonic Picture is sometimes dismissed as a sequence of the opera's "greatest hits," the first well-known melody, "Summertime," is not heard until nearly seven minutes into the medley.
Porch A porch is a structure attached to the front or back entrance of a building. It is external to the walls of the main building proper, but may be enclosed by screen, latticework, broad windows, or other light frame walls extending from the main structure.
PorchLight Entertainment PorchLight Entertainment is a multi-faceted company focused on the production and distribution of high-quality family entertainment and licensing and merchandising representation for children’s and family brands and trademarks. Since its formation in 1995 by veteran entertainment executives Bruce D.
Pori Pori, or Björneborg ("Bear city") in Swedish, is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The centre of the city it located some 15 km from the coast of Gulf of Bothnia, at the estuary (the largest of those in Finland) of Kokemäenjoki river.
Pori (film) Pori (2006) is a Tamil film slated to hit the marquee in September. The film created high anticipation as it is the sophomore venture of director Subramani Siva, who rendered his debut Thiruda Thirudi, a 2004 runaway blockbuster.
Pori Brigade The Pori Brigade (Finnish: Porin Prikaati), based in Huovinrinne, Säkylä, is a Finnish Army unit, part of the Western Command of Finland. It is comprised of the Satakunta Jaeger Battalion, the West Finland Signals Battalion, and the Satakunta Engineer Battalion.

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