Encyclopedia

Postage stamps and postal history of La AgĂĽera In June 1920, Spain issued postage stamps of its existing colony RĂ­o de Oro overprinted "LA AGĂśERA", and followed those up in 1922 with a series portraying King Alfonso XIII and inscribed "SAHARA OCCIDENTAL / LA AGĂśERA". These were superseded in 1924 by stamps of Spanish Sahara.
Postage stamps and postal history of Mexico The postal system of Mexico may be said to have begun with the Aztecs, who operated a system of messengers; they worked well enough that Hernán Cortés continued using them after the 1521 conquest. After 1579, the right to operate the posts was farmed out to members of the nobility, who were known as "Correo Mayor de la Nueva España".
Postage stamps and postal history of New Zealand The postal system in New Zealand was deregulated on 1 April 1998, meaning several different independent mail companies now exist. But in practice the state owned New Zealand Post still delivers nearly all letters.
Postage stamps and postal history of Santander Like other Colombian states, Santander issued its own postage stamps between 1884 and 1905, with a provisional stamp appearing in 1907. The designs were based on the state's coat of arms, except for a 50c stamp in 1904 featuring a locomotive.
Postage stamps and postal history of Sweden Posten, the Swedish mail service, was established in 1636 by Axel Oxenstierna, and by the 18th century it had been extended throughout the country. The same century also saw the introduction of a practice unique to Sweden, that of attaching a feather to the wax seal of a letter to indicate that it needed to be delivered more quickly.
Postage stamps and postal history of the People's Republic of China The postal system of the People's Republic of China was established as the General Postal Administration in Beijing in 1949, growing out of the posts that had been operating for several years in the liberated areas. Several of the liberated areas continued to operate their own postal systems; most were ordered to stop selling regional stamp issues by 30 June 1950, while the Northeast Liberation Area and the Port Arthur and Dairen Post and Telegraph Administration continued to use their own stamps (due to the different currencies) until the end of 1950.
Postage stamps and postal history of the Ross Dependency The Ross Dependency originally bore the name King Edward VII Land—a name still used for the area around Cape Colbeck to the west of the ice shelf—and the New Zealand Post Office overprinted some 23,492 postage stamps with that name for use by the 1908 British Antarctic Expedition. Ernest Shackleton was sworn in as the first postmaster.
Postage stamps and postal history of Yugoslavia The story of the postage stamps and postal history of Yugoslavia officially begins with the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on 1 December 1918. Prior to that moment each of the constituent countries had their own postal systems and history (see Postage stamps and postal history of Bosnia & Herzegovina, Postage stamps and postal history of Croatia, Postage stamps and postal history of Serbia, etc).
Postage stamps of Abu Dhabi Now part of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi was formerly the largest of the seven sheikdoms which made up the Trucial States on the so-called "Pirate Coast" of eastern Arabia between Oman and Qatar. The Trucial States as a whole had an area of some 32,000 square miles (83,000 km²) of which Abu Dhabi alone had 26,000 (67,000 km²).
Postage stamps of Batum under British occupation Batumi (formerly Batum) is a city on the Black Sea coast and capital of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. The city was under Russian rule at the beginning of World War I, but local unrest led to Turkey entering the city in April 1918, followed by the British in December, who stayed until July 1920.
Postage stamps of Portugal The early issues from 1853 had the monarch's head, white and featureless, embossed on a coloured background. The most valuable stamps from this period are Gibbons catalogue nos 8 and 9 from the 1853 issue: the 100 reis lilacs.
Postage stamps of the British Antarctic Territory Despite the lack of permanent inhabitants, the British Antarctic Territory issues its own postage stamps. While some are actually used by visiting tourists and resident scientists, the bulk are sold overseas to collectors.
Postajankt-iki Postajankt-iki ("the fast old man") is the youngest son of the god Num-Torum in Ob-Ugrian mythology. He has several other names: Sorni-iki ("the golden old man"), and Õi-shlapt-lah-hliotõ-iki (which is used if one wishes to prevent him from being frightened during an offering).
Postal (computer game) Postal is an ultraviolent and controversial computer game made by Running With Scissors and published by Ripcord Games in 1997. A trademark lawsuit was filed against Running With Scissors by the United States Postal Service, and dismissed six years later.
Postal addresses in the Philippines Postal addresses in the Philippines are similar in format to addresses to those in the English-speaking world, especially with those in the United States. They are especially used to locate areas in the Philippines.
Postal authority A postal authority organises collection and delivery of domestic mail (US), or post (UK), within its area of control, or in the case of foreign mail, delivery to or receipt of mail from other postal authorities.
Postal censorship Postal censorship is the inspection or examination of mail, most often by governments, that can include opening, reading or marking of covers, postcards, parcels or other postal packets. Postal censorship primarily takes place during war time or periods of unrest, though occasionally during other times, like; periods of civil disorder or a state of emergency, as was the case in Ireland during 1939-1945.
Postal counties of the United Kingdom The postal counties of the United Kingdom, now known officially as the former postal counties, were subdivisions of the UK in routine use by the Royal Mail until 1996. The raison d'ĂŞtre of the postal county (as opposed to any other kind of county) was to aid the sorting of mail by enabling differentiation between like-sounding post towns.
Postal history Postal history is the study of the individuals, systems and network that have made up the system. It includes the study of postal policy; postal administration; postal surveillance; political movements in which postal systems become entangled; and the consequences of postal systems for politics, business, and culture.
Postal history of Heligoland During the period when Heligoland was a British possession, about 20 postage stamps were issued between 1867 and 1890. There were up to eight printings of a single denomination and also a large volume of reprints which are known as the Berlin, Leipzig and Hamburg Reprints, respectively.
Postal Index Number A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or post code system used by the Indian Postal Service (similar to the ZIP Code in the United States). PIN stands for Postal Index Number and the code is 6 digits long.
Postal notes Postal notes were the specialized money order successors to the United States Department of the Treasury's postage and fractional currency. They were created so Americans could safely and inexpensively (for a three cent fee) send sums of money under $5 to distant places.
Postal Orders of Great Britain Great Britain was the first country in the world to issue postal orders on 1 January 1881. They were the brainchild of the President of the Birmingham Chamber of Commerce, John Skirrow Wright which was to enable poorer people to buy goods and services by post, as they were unlikely to have bank accounts.
Postal Orders of the Chatham Islands Although the Chatham Islands are constitutionally part of New Zealand, the Chatham Islands did issue numismatic items prior to the banknote issues of 2000 and 2001 in the form of postal notes and postal orders.
Postal Orders of Zanzibar Although Zanzibar is today a part of the United Republic of Tanzania, its numismatic history continues to this day through the issue of postal orders. Zanzibari postal orders are issued at Zanzibar Town on Zanzibar island and at Chake Chake on Pemba.
Postal privatisation bills Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi has proposed splitting the powerful and rich Japan Post into four separate companies: a bank, an insurance company, a post office, and a company to handle the retail storefronts on these three. This has been a central goal of his administration.
Postal Protected Email Postal Protected Email is email authenticated by a Postal Authority such as the United States Postal Service. All non-repudiation data within a Postal Protected Email is tracked and archived to support a potential court challenge.
Postal Rate Commission The United States Postal Rate Commission is an independent regulatory agency created by the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 to set the rates for different classes of mail by holding hearings on rates proposed by the United States Postal Service. It recommends rates to the Postal Service Board of Governors, which in turn may accept or reject the rates.
Postal Reorganization Act The Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 abolished the United States Post Office Department, a part of the cabinet, and created the United States Postal Service, a corporation-like independent agency with an official monopoly on the delivery of mail in the United States.
Postal services in Andorra Postal services in Andorra are unique in that they are not operated by the Principality itself, but its two larger neighbouring countries, Spain and France. This is a legacy of the centuries of de facto control exercised by those two countries over Andorra.
Postal services in Cyprus Postal services in Cyprus are operated by the government-operated Post Office. A legacy of British colonial rule is the use of 'pillar boxes' (mail boxes) with the initials of the British monarch, although after independence they were painted yellow.
Postal stationery A piece of postal stationery is a stationery item, such as an envelope, letter sheet, post card, lettercard, aerogramme or wrapper, with an amount of postage preprinted on it. The preprinted stamp, or 'indicium', is usually at the rate required for a particular postal service eg at the postcard rate for postcards, the domestic letter rate for letter sheets and envelopes, the registered letter rate for regeistered envelopes etc.
Postal Telegraph and Telephone A postal, telegraph, and telephone (or PTT) is or was a government agency responsible for postal mail, telegraph, and telephone services in many countries worldwide other than North America and Japan. In some countries, the former government-monopoly PTT has been partially or completely privatized in recent years.
Postal voting Postal voting describes the method of voting in an election whereby ballot papers are distributed and/or returned by post to electors, in contrast to electors voting in person at a Polling station or electronically via an Electronic voting system.
Postalveolar consonant Postalveolar consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, placing them a bit further back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate (the place of articulation for palatal consonants).
PostalWatch Incorporated PostalWatch Incorporated is a Virginia-based not-for-profit organization formed to "protect individuals and the small business community from" United States Postal Service actions and regulations which they deem "intrusive and burdensome." It fought against an initiative by the postal service to forbid people and companies who receive mail through a commercial mail receiving agency such as Mailboxes Etc.
Postanalytic philosophy Postanalytic philosophy describes a detachment from the mainstream philosophical movement of analytic philosophy, which is the predominant school of thought in English-speaking countries. Postanalytic philosophy derives mainly from contemporary American thought, especially from the works of philosophers Richard Rorty, Donald Davidson, Hilary Putnam, and W.
Postback A Postback is an action taken by an interactive webpage, when the entire page and its contents are sent back to the server for processing. This is done to verify passwords for logging in, process an on-line order form, or other such tasks that a client computer cannot do on its own.
Postbus A Postbus is a public bus service that is operated as part of local mail delivery. As a means to provide public transport in rural areas with lower levels of patronage where a normal bus service is uneconomic Postbus services are run by the postal delivery company and combine the functions of public transport and mail delivery/collection.
PostBank PostBank was the trading name of the Post Office Savings Bank, a bank owned by the New Zealand Government formed when the New Zealand Post Office, a department of the Government, was spilt up by the Postal Services Act 1987 into PostBank, a Postal Services company (now known as New Zealand Post) and telecommunications company (now known as Telecom New Zealand).
PostBar PostBar, also known as CPC 4-State, is the black-ink barcode system used by, among others, Australia Post, the United States Postal Service, The Royal Mail in the United Kingdom, and by Canada Post in its automated mail sortation and delivery operations. This particular bar code system is used on "flats" (which are larger-than-letter-size pieces of mail, such as magazines) and parcels.
PostBQP PostBQP is a complexity class consisting of all of the computational problems solvable in polynomial time on a quantum Turing machine with postselection. The addition of postselection makes quantum Turing machines much more powerful, and as a result PostBQP is equal to PP.
Postcard A postcard or post card is typically a rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard intended for writing and mailing without an envelope and at a lower rate than a letter. It is distinguished by stamp collectors from a postal card in that the postage is pre-printed on the latter, whereas a postcard requires a stamp.
Postcard Records Postcard Recordings is a Glasgow based independent record label founded by Alan Horne in 1979 as a vehicle for Orange Juice and Josef K releases. The label's motto was "The Sound of Young Scotland", a parody/tribute to the Motown motto; its logo featured a cartoon cat beating a drum.
Postcards from Buster Postcards from Buster, also called Buster's Postcards, is a 2004 Canadian-produced 42-episode children's television series, containing both animation and live-action that airs on PBS, and is a spin-off of the Arthur cartoon series. The show stars Arthur's best friend, 8-year-old rabbit Buster Baxter.
Postcards from Richard Nixon Postcards from Richard Nixon is a song by Elton John from his album, The Captain & The Kid. It was inspired by the presidency of Richard Nixon and his arrival in Los Angeles in 1970 with his songwriting partner Bernie Taupin.
Postcards from the Edge Postcards from the Edge is a 1990 Columbia Pictures comedy/drama motion picture starring Meryl Streep and Shirley MacLaine, with Dennis Quaid, Gene Hackman, Richard Dreyfuss, Rob Reiner, Mary Wickes, Conrad Bain, Annette Bening, Simon Callow, Gary Morton, and CCH Pounder.
Postcards From Heaven Postcards From Heaven was the second album released by UK duo Lighthouse Family in 1997 on Polydor. The album produced three Top 10 hits (Raincloud, High and Lost In Space) and two Top 30 hits (Question of Faith and Postcard From Heaven).
Postcodes Plant Database The Postcodes Plant Database is a UK resource for identifying locally native plant and species based on postcode, hosted by the Natural History Museum in London, it can be used to determine what to plant in conservation schemes. There is also information on relationships between plants and associated animals.
Postcondition In computer programming, a postcondition is a condition or predicate that must always be true just after the execution of some section of code or after an operation in a formal specification. Postconditions are sometimes tested using assertions within the code itself.
Postcratic Postcratic refers to the new way of learning. It traces the development form Socratic Method, a question and answer interface to the Little Red School House method of learning, a one-way method of a teacher lecturing to students, to the new Ed 2.
Postcrossing Postcrossing is a project, inspired by bookcrossing, designed to allow people to receive postcards from all over the world. Participants who send a postcard should receive at least one back, from a postcrosser in another country.
Postcyberpunk Postcyberpunk describes a subgenre of science fiction which some critics suggest has evolved from classic cyberpunk. Like its predecessor, postcyberpunk focuses on technological developments in near-future societies, typically examining the social effects of an ubiquitous datasphere of computerized informaton, genetic engineering and modification of the human body, and the continued impact of perpetual technological change.
Postdiction Postdiction, post-shadowing, retroactive clairvoyance, and prediction after the fact are terms used by critics to refer to those who use hindsight to claim to have predicted a significant event such as a plane crash or natural disaster. (Postdiction can also be used to refer to the scientific technique of retrodiction.
Postdigital Postdigital is a term which has recently come into use in the discourse of digital artistic] practice. This term points significantly to our rapidly changed and changing relationships with digital technologies and art forms.
Postdoctoral researcher A postdoctoral appointment (colloquially, a "post-doc") is a temporary research position held by a person who has completed his or her doctoral studies. Postdoctoral appointments commonly last for periods ranging between six months and five years, and have traditionally been dedicated purely to research; so-called "teaching post-docs" are now being offered for those who seek to focus on teaching in their careers, however.
Postencephalitic parkinsonism Postencephalitic parkinsonism is a disease that is believed to have been caused by a viral illness, stimulating degeneration of the nerve cells in the substantia nigra, leading to clinical parkinsonism. The disease followed a condition called encephalitis lethargica (Von Economo's encephalitis).
Poster A poster is any large piece of printed paper which hangs from a wall or other such surface. Typically posters include both textual and graphic elements, although a poster may be either wholly graphical or wholly textual.
Poster child The phrase poster child originally referred to a child afflicted by some disease or deformity whose picture is used on posters to raise money for charitable purposes; "she was the poster child for muscular dystrophy". However, the term is usually used metaphorically, meaning a shining example or model of its type.
Poster of a Girl Poster of a Girl is the second North American single from the album Live It Out from canadian indie rock band Metric following Monster Hospital. In Europe it was the first single to be released from the album.
Poster session A poster session is the juried presentation of research information by representatives of several research teams at a congress or conference with an academic or professional focus. These are particularly prominent at scientific conferences such as medical congresses.
Posterchild (street artist) Posterchild is the nom de plume of a street artist based in Toronto, Canada who is best known for his Mario Blocks project, the purpose of which is to install homemade Mario blocks in public spaces. After being featured on Boing Boing the project has expanded as others have made and hung their own blocks.
Posterior arch In a cervical vertebra, the posterior arch forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores.
Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane The posterior atlantoöccipital membrane (posterior atlantoöccipital ligament), broad but thin, is connected above, to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum; below, to the upper border of the posterior arch of the atlas.
Posterior Analytics The Posterior Analytics is a text from Aristotle's Organon containing a classic treatment and discussion of demonstration, definition, and scientific knowledge. The demonstration is distinguished as a syllogism productive of scientific knowledge, while the definition marked as the statement of a thing's nature, ...
Posterior clinoid processes In the sphenoid bone, the anterior boundary of the sella turcica is completed by two small eminences, one on either side, called the anterior clinoid processes, while the posterior boundary is formed by a square-shaped plate of bone, the dorsum sellæ, ending at its superior angles in two tubercles, the posterior clinoid processes, the size and form of which vary considerably in different individuals. The posterior clinoid processes deepen the sella turcica, and give attachment to the tentorium cerebelli.
Posterior facial vein The posterior facial vein (temporomaxillary vein, retromandibular vein), formed by the union of the superficial temporal and internal maxillary veins, descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery but beneath the facial nerve, between the ramus of the mandible and the Sternocleidomastoideus muscle.
Posterior gluteal line The posterior gluteal line (superior curved line), the shortest of the three gluteal lines, begins at the crest, about 5 cm. in front of its posterior extremity; it is at first distinctly marked, but as it passes downward to the upper part of the greater sciatic notch, where it ends, it becomes less distinct, and is often altogether lost.
Posterior chain The posterior chain is a group of muscles in the lower body which are important in force development for explosive movements like jumping and sprinting. The muscles which fall into the posterior chain or "p-chain", are the hamstrings, the calves, the glutes, and the lower back.
Posterior inferior iliac spine The posterior border of the ala, shorter than the anterior, also presents two projections separated by a notch, the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine. The posterior inferior iliac spine corresponds with the posterior extremity of the auricular surface.
Posterior intercondyloid fossa Posteriorly, the medial condyle and lateral condyle are separated from each other by a shallow depression, the posterior intercondyloid fossa (or intercondylar area), which gives attachment to part of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee-joint.
Posterior longitudinal ligament The posterior longitudinal ligament is situated within the vertebral canal, and extends along the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebræ, from the body of the axis, where it is continuous with the membrana tectoria, to the sacrum.
Posterior nasal spine Its medial end of the posterior border of the horizontal plate of palatine bone is sharp and pointed, and, when united with that of the opposite bone, forms a projecting process, the posterior nasal spine for the attachment of the Musculus uvulæ.
Posterior sacral foramina Lateral to the articular processes of the sacrum are the four posterior sacral foramina (or dorsal sacral foramina); they are smaller in size and less regular in form than the anterior, and transmit the posterior divisions of the sacral nerves.
Posterior sternoclavicular ligament The posterior sternoclavicular ligament is a similar band of fibers, covering the posterior surface of the articulation; it is attached above to the upper and back part of the sternal end of the clavicle, and, passing obliquely downward and medialward, is fixed below to the back of the upper part of the manubrium sterni.
Posterior superior iliac spine The posterior border of the ala, shorter than the anterior, also presents two projections separated by a notch, the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine. The posterior superior iliac spine serves for the attachment of the oblique portion of the posterior sacroiliac ligaments and the Multifidus.
Posterior talocalcaneal ligament The posterior talocalcaneal ligament (posterior calcaneo-astragaloid ligament) connects the lateral tubercle of the talus with the upper and medial part of the calcaneus; it is a short band, and its fibers radiate from their narrow attachment to the talus.
Posterior talofibular ligament The posterior talofibular ligament, runs almost horizontally from the depression at the medial and back part of the fibular malleolus to a prominent tubercle on the posterior surface of the talus immediately lateral to the groove for the tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus.
Posterior tibial vein In anatomy, the posterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein.
Posterior tubercle of cervical vertebra The posterior arch of a cervical vertebra forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores.
Posterity of Heaven In some Korean religious traditions, Posterity of Heaven or Cheonson (천손, 天孫) designates the Korean people because they are considered the descendants of Heaven or the heavenly god. The Koreans usually believe that their countries are the nation by the Posterity of Heaven. Based on historical records, the ancient Koreans generally worshiped the heavens and the sun, liked brightness, and considered their states governed by Heaven단군학회 편저(1999), 한국종교와 단군 인식, 단군학회 (Editor: Dangun Institute, Korean National Religion and Understand of Dangun, Published by Dangun Institute). Because the thought about the Posterity of Heaven, an archaic word says that the people's mind is equal to the Heaven's mind, which warns rulers of the significance of the people. The Korea national anthem or Aegukga supports this concept. The lyrics of Aegukga says "May our nation be eternal by the protection and help of Heaven." In addition, the National Foundation Day, Gaecheonjeol literally mean
Posterization Posterization of a photographic image being developed occurs when a region of an image with a continuous gradation of tone is replaced with several regions of fewer tones, resulting in an abrupt change from one tone to another. This creates an effect somewhat similar to that of a simple graphic poster.
Postern A postern is a secondary door or gate, particularly in a fortification such as a city wall or castle curtain wall. Posterns were often located in a concealed location, allowing the occupants to come and go inconspicuously.
Posteromarginal nucleus The posteromarginal nucleus, Rexed lamina I, is located at the most dorsal aspect of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The neurons located here receive input primarily from Lissauer's tract and relay information related to pain and temperature sensation.
PostEurop PostEurop is the association of European public postal operators, one of the constituent unions of the Universal Postal Union. PostEurop was created in 1993 to simplify the exchange of mails in Europe, a task previously undertaken by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT, from its French acronym).
Postface A postface is the opposite of a preface, a brief article or explanatory information placed at the end of a book. Sometimes general information about a book and the people for whom it was written is at the back of the book in a postface.
Postfix (software) Postfix is a free software / open source mail transfer agent (MTA), a computer program for the routing and delivery of email. It is intended as a fast, easy-to-administer, and secure alternative to the widely-used Sendmail MTA.
Postgirobygget (band) Postgirobygget is a Norwegian folk band from Oslo. Their members from 1996 was their guitarist and vocalist Arne Hurlén, their bassist and chorus Gunnar Westgaard, Their guitarist and chorus Nils Petter Time, Their keyboardist and mouthplayer Øyvind Kolset, and their drums, percussion and chorus Per Sarin Madsen.
Postgraduate Applications Centre Postgraduate Applications Centre (PAC) is an organisation that processes entry into certain taught postgraduate courses in the Republic of Ireland. The system is currently in an early stage of development and only Dublin City University and the National University of Ireland are affiliated.
Postgraduate Certificate in Education The Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) is a one-year course in England, Wales and Northern Ireland for undergraduate degree holders that allows them to train to be a teacher. The PGCE is considered roughly equivalent to a graduate diploma in level of education.
Postgraduate diploma A postgraduate diploma is a qualification awarded typically after a bachelor's degree. Countries which award postgraduate diplomas include Australia, New Zealand, England and Wales, and the Republic of Ireland.
Postgraduate Diploma in Education The Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE), also known as a Graduate Diploma of Education (GradDipEd) is a one-year courses in several places like Australia, New Zealand and Hong Kong, for existing bachelor's degree holders leading to become a qualified teacher.
Postgraduate education Postgraduate education (often known in North America as graduate education, and sometimes described as quaternary education) involves studying for degrees or other qualifications for which a first or Bachelor's degree is required, and is normally considered to be part of tertiary or higher education. In North America this level is generally referred to as graduate school.
Postgraduate Program in Software Enterprise Management Postgraduate Program in Software Enterprise Management or PGSEM is a management program for working professionals who want to gain knowledge and diploma in Management. The program is run by Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIMB), which is one of the premier management institutes in India.
PostGIS PostGIS (/post'-jis/) is an open source geographic information system software program that adds support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL object-relational database. PostGIS follows the Simple Features for SQL specification from the Open Geospatial Consortium.
Postherpetic neuralgia Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a painful condition caused by the varicella zoster virus in a dermatomal distribution (the area governed by a particular sensory nerve) after an attack of herpes zoster (HZ) (commonly known as shingles), usually manifesting after the vesicles have crusted over and begun to heal. Because it is fundamentally a (neuropathic) nerve pain, it is not controlled by traditional analgesics such as opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Posthomerica The Posthomerica is an epic poem by Quintus of Smyrna, probably written in the latter half of the 4th century, and telling the story of the period between the death of Hektor and the fall of Ilium. Its style has been criticised by many scholars as subpar to Homer, but it is valuable as the earliest surviving account of this period in the Trojan War.
Posthuman (human evolution) A posthuman or post-human is, according to the FAQ of the World Transhumanist Association, a hypothetical future being "whose basic capacities so radically exceed those of present humans as to be no longer unambiguously human by our current standards."
Posthumanism In literary and critical theory, posthumanism, meaning beyond humanism, is a major European rationalist philosophy of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It transcends the ideas and images of the world of classical Renaissance humanism to correspond more closely to the 21st century's ideas of scientific knowledge.
Posthumous Posthumous means after death. Thus a man's posthumous child is born after the father's death, a posthumous book is published after its author's death, and posthumous fame is that of a person who is famous after death.

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