Encyclopedia

President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief The President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR/Emergency Plan) is President Bush's pledge of $15 billion over five years (2003-2008) to fight the HIV/AIDS pandemic. As the largest international health initiative ever initiated by one nation to address a single disease, the program hopes to provide antiretroviral treatment (ART) to 2 million HIV-infected people in resource-limited settings, to prevent 7 million new infections, and to support care for 10 million people (the "2-7-10 goals").
President's House (Harvard) President's House, found at 17 Quincy Street, served as a residence for Harvard Presidents until 1971, when Derek Bok (1971-1991) moved his family to Elmwood. In 1995, the building was renamed, and is currently known as Loeb Hall.
President's Choice President's Choice (or "PC") is the upscale private label brand of Loblaw Companies Limited, covering a wide variety of food, drinks and other products. PC products cover nearly every food category except most dairy, wine and baked goods.
President's Choice Financial President’s Choice Financial is a financial institution that offers banking services through a joint venture between Loblaw Companies (a supermarket chain) and CIBC (a major Canadian bank). It has no branches; rather, most transactions are carried out over the Internet, the telephone or "pavilions" located in Loblaw-affiliated stores.
President's Organization for Unemployment Relief The President's Organization for Unemployment Relief (originally known as the President's Emergency Committee for Employment) was a government organization created on August 19, 1931 by United States President Herbert Hoover. Its commission was to help U.
President's rule President's rule (or Central Rule) is the term used in India when a state government is dissolved and is placed under direct federal rule. President's rule is enabled by article 356 of the Constitution of India, which gives the central government the authority to dismiss any state government if there has been failure of the constitutional machinery in the state.
President's Scholar A President's Scholar is a recipient/awardee of the most prestigious class of university undergraduate scholarships handed out to Junior College students with Singaporean citizenship annually, with approximately only 2-4 being handed out each year.
President's Volunteer Service Award The President's Volunteer Service Award program was established to honor volunteers that given hundreds of thousands of hours per year helping others. These volunteers can be individuals, families and organizations located throughout the United States.
President-elect A President-elect is a political candidate who has been elected president but who has not yet taken office, as it is still occupied by the outgoing president. Similar terms can be used depending on the type and level of government, including prime ministers-elect, mayors-elect, governors-elect, etc.
Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005 The Presidential $1 Coin Program (Public Law 109-145; 119 Stat. 2664) is an Act of Congress that directs the United States Mint to produce $1 coins with engravings of the United States Presidents on the obverse.
Presidential Airways (scheduled) Presidential Airways was an airline based out of Washington Dulles International Airport serving Washington, DC. It was founded in 1985 as a low-cost carrier, with Boeing 737 service from Dulles to Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts commencing October 10 of that year.
Presidential Commission (United States) In the United States, a Presidential Commission is a special task force ordained by the President to complete some special research or investigation. They are often used politically in one of two ways: either to draw attention to a problem (the publication of a report by a commission can generally be counted on to draw attention from the media, depending on how its release is handled); or, on the other hand, to delay action on an issue (if the President wants to avoid taking action but still look concerned about an issue, he can convene a commission and then let it slip into obscurity).
Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania The Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania (Romanian: Comisia Prezidenţială pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România), also known as the Tismăneanu Commission (Comisia Tismăneanu), is a commission instituted in Romania by President Traian Băsescu in order to carry out an investigation of the Communist regime and provide a comprehensive report allowing for the condemnation of Communism as experienced by Romania.
Presidential directive Presidential directives are a form of executive order issued by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the National Security Council. Because of the nature of presidential directives as pertaining to the national security of the United States, many presidential directives are promulgated as classified.
Presidential Decision Directive 25 Presidential Decision Directive 25 (PDD-25), is an executive order drafted by President William J. Clinton on May 3, 1994 following a year-long executive agency policy review and bilateral consultations between dozens of members of Congress and the executive branch.
Presidential election campaign fund checkoff This voluntary checkoff appears on US income tax return forms as Do you want $3 of your federal tax to go to the Presidential Election Campaign Fund? Originally $1 and implemented in the 1970's as an attempt as the public funding of elections, this money provides for the financing of Presidential general election campaigns and national party conventions.
Presidential Elections Committee The Presidential Elections Committee is set up by the Government of Singapore to ensure that each candidate for the office of President of Singapore has the qualifications referred to in Article 19 of the Constitution of Singapore.
Presidential Finding A presidential finding is an executive directive issued by the head of the executive branch of a government, similar to the more well-known executive order. The term is mostly used by the United States Government, and in other countries may be identified by different terms.
Presidential government Presidential government is a political science term referring to a government where the executive power is held by a president. Such a figure often has advisers to help determine policy issues - but does not have any equals to compete with over policy.
Presidential Guard (Belarus) The Belarusian Presidential Guard is a law-enforcement body that was designed to protect the President of Belarus and other high ranking officials and officers. However, the United States State Department stated that the Presidential Guard is a secret police force under the control of President Alexander Lukashenko.
Presidential Inauguration (Ireland) The Presidential Inauguration is the Irish state ceremony by which the President of Ireland takes office. While in hereditary monarchies coronations are symbolic ceremonies, the new monarch's reign having already begun upon the death or abdication of the previous monarch, the Irish presidential inauguration is the legal entrypoint into office for a president (as with the inauguration of the President of the United States.
Presidential library In the United States, the Presidential library system is a nationwide network of libraries administered by the Office of Presidential Libraries, which is part of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). These are not libraries in the modern sense, but rather repositories for preserving and making available the papers, records, collections and other historical materials of every President of the United States since Herbert Hoover.
Presidential Management Alumni Group The non-profit Presidential Management Alumni Group (PMAG) was organized in 1981 to advance the professionalism of public service and augment the education and career development of those who have served in or assisted the Presidential Management Fellowship (PMF) Program. PMAG is not sponsored by OPM.
Presidential Management Fellows Program “The purpose of the Program is to attract to the Federal service outstanding men and women from a variety of academic disciplines and career paths who have a clear interest in, and commitment to, excellence in the leadership and management of public policies and programs.” - President George W.
Presidential Management Staff (Philippines) The Philippines' Presidential Management Staff is an agency attached to Malacañang that is tasked to manage the development and formulation of the projects and policies of the Office of the President. The current Malacañang Chief of Staff is Michael Defensor.
Presidential Medal of Freedom The Presidential Medal of Freedom is one of the two highest civilian awards in the United States and is bestowed by the President of the United States (the other major civilian award which is considered its equivalent is the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor, which is bestowed by an act of Congress). It is designed to recognize individuals who have made "an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors.
Presidential nominee In the United States of America the President has the executive authority to nominate people to various governmental positions, subject to the approval of Congress. Someone in the position of being nominated for such a position but still subject to Congressional approval is known as a Presidential nominee.
Presidential Palace, Hanoi The Presidential Palace of Vietnam, located in the city of Hanoi, was built between 1900 and 1906 to house the French Governor-General of Indochina. It was constructed by Auguste Henri Vildieu, the official French architect for Vietnam.
Presidential Palace, Helsinki The Presidential Palace in Helsinki (in Finnish Presidentinlinna; in Swedish Presidentens slott), is one of the official residences in Helsinki of the President of the Republic of Finland. It is situated on the north side of Esplanadi, overlooking Market Square.
Presidential Palace, Warsaw Presidential Palace (also known as Pałac Koniecpolskich, Lubomirskich, Radziwiłłów, or Pałac Namiestnikowski) in Warsaw, Poland, is the elegant classicist latest version of a building that has stood on the Krakowskie Przedmieście site since 1643. Over the years, it has been rebuilt and remodeled many times.
Presidential Range The Presidential Range of mountains is located in the White Mountains of the state of New Hampshire, almost entirely in Coos County. The most notable summits of the range are named for prominent Americans, either public figures of the 18th and 19th centuries or Presidents.
Presidential Rank Award of Distinguished Executive The Presidential Rank Award of Distinguished Executive is an award granted by the United States Government to career members of the Senior Executive Service and, since 2003, to other categories of high-performing senior career employees for "sustained extraordinary accomplishment." Winners of this award are strong leaders, professionals, and scientists who achieve results and consistently demonstrate strength, integrity, industry, and a relentless commitment to excellence in public service.
Presidential succession In politics, presidential succession is a series of steps established by the government of a nation or state to assure a smooth transition of power should the president, vice president, or any other executive authority be unable to complete their duties.
Presidential system A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where the executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separate from the legislature, to which it is not accountable, and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it.The legislature may retain the right, in extreme cases, to dismiss the executive, often through a process called impeachment, or as happened in England in 1649, through the abolition of the Crown (see Commonwealth of England).
Presidential Service Badge The Presidential Service Badge is a badge of the United States military issued to military members who serve as full-time military staff to the President of the United States. Such personnel are stationed at the White House and should not be confused with the senior military officers of the Department of Defense who advise the President but are not assigned as direct Presidential aides.
Presidential Standard (Ireland) The Presidential Standard is the flag of the President of Ireland and consists of a silver stringed gold harp similar to the harp on the Coat of Arms of the Republic of Ireland, and is on a St. Patrick's Blue background.
Presidential Statement A Presidential Statement is released often created when the United Nations Security Council cannot reach consensus or are prevented from passing a resolution by a permanent member's veto, or threat thereof. Such statements are similar in content, format, and tone to resolutions, but are not legally binding.
Presidential Succession Act The Presidential Succession Act of 1947 () establishes the order of succession to the office of President of the United States in the event neither a President nor Vice President is able to "discharge the powers and duties of the office."
Presidential Unit Citation The Presidential Unit Citation is a senior unit award granted to military units which have performed an extremely meritorious or heroic act, usually in the face of an armed enemy. Several nations bestow awards which are referred to as the Presidential Unit Citation, including the following:
Presidential Unit Citation (Korea) The Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation is issued by the government of South Korea to both Korean military and foreign units. The last major issuance of the decoration was during the Korean War when the decoration was bestowed to several U.
Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines) The Philippine Presidential Unit Citation is a decoration of the Republic of the Philippines which has been awarded to certain units of the United States military for actions both during and subsequent to the Second World War.
Presidential Unit Citation (US) The Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and allies for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy on or after 7 December 1941 (the date of the Attack on Pearl Harbor and the start of American involvement in World War II). The unit must display such gallantry, determination, and esprit de corps in accomplishing its mission under extremely difficult and hazardous conditions so as to set it apart from and above other units participating in the same campaign.
Presidential Unit Citation (Vietnam) The Republic of Vietnam Presidential Unit Citation was awarded by the Vietnamese government to all personnel in the Military Assistance Advisory Group during August and September 1954. The emblem consists of three vertical red stripes on a golden yellow background, in a gold frame.
Presidents Cup (box lacrosse) The Presidents Cup is the National Senior level box lacrosse championship for the Canadian Lacrosse Association. The Championship is annual and awards a "Gold", "Silver", and "Bronze" placing.
Presidents of the National Council of Switzerland The President of the National Council of Switzerland (Nationalratspräsident in German, Président du Conseil national in French, Presidente del Consiglio nazionale in Italian) presides over the National Council and the Federal Assembly. The President (or Speaker) is often considered the highest ranking representative of the Swiss federal state, but not head of state (see: Federal Council).
Presidents Race Presidents Race is a promotional event held at every Washington Nationals home game at RFK Memorial Stadium during the fourth innings. This is being inspired and by honored from the Milwaukee Brewers' Sausage Race.
Presidents' Athletic Conference The Presidents' Athletic Conference is an athletic conference which competes in the NCAA's Division III. Member teams are private, liberal arts institutions of higher learning located in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky.
Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament The Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament (, ) is the speaker of the Scottish Parliament, elected by the Members of the Scottish Parliament. He or she also heads the Corporate Body of the Scottish Parliament and as such is viewed as a figurehead for the entire organisation.
Presiding Officer of the United States Senate The Presiding Officer is the Senator who presides over the United States Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
Presiding Patriarch (Latter Day Saints) In Mormonism, the Presiding Patriarch (also called Presiding Evangelist, Patriarch over the Church, Patriarch of the Church, or Patriarch to the Church) is a church-wide leadership office within the Latter Day Saint Priesthood. Among the duties of the Presiding Patriarch are to preside in council meetings, ordain other patriarchs, and administer Patriarchal Blessings.
Presidio of San Diego El Presidio Reál de San Diego (or Royal Presidio of San Diego) is a historical fort that was first established on May 14, 1769 by Commandant Pedro Fages, under authority of the King of Spain. The site of the original Presidio currently lies on a hill within present-day Presidio Park, between the outlet of Mission Valley and Old Town San Diego.
Presidio of San Francisco The Presidio of San Francisco (originally, El Presidio Real de San Francisco or Royal Presidio of San Francisco) is a park on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in the City and County of San Francisco. It is operated by the National Park Service of the United States as a part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
Presidio of Santa Barbara The El Presidio Real de Santa Bárbara (or Royal Presidio of Santa Barbara) was a military installation in Santa Barbara, California, built by Spain in 1782, with the mission of defending the Second Military District in California. In addition to being a significant tourist attraction, it is an active archaeological site.
Presidio of Sonoma El Presidio de Sonoma, or Sonoma Barracks, was a military outpost established in 1836 by Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (the "Commanclate-General of the Northern Frontier of Alta California") in what is today the town of Sonoma, California as a part of Mexico's strategy to halt Russian incursions into the region. The installation is part of the Sonoma State Historic Park.
Presidio Terrace Presidio Terrace in San Francisco is a community created for wealthy residents to live after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, next to the newly wooded Presidio. Presidio Terrace was originally intended for white people only: "There is only one spot in San Francisco where only Caucasians are permitted to buy or lease real estate or where they may reside.
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Президиум Верховного Совета СССР in Russian, or Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta) was a Soviet governmental body. Its building was situated inside the Moscow Kremlin.
Preslav Preslav () was the capital of the First Bulgarian Empire from 893 to 972 and one of the most important cities of medieval Southeastern Europe. The ruins of the city are situated in modern northeastern Bulgaria, some 20 kilometres southwest of the regional capital of Shumen, and are currently a national archaeological reserve.
Presley Chweneyagae Presley Chweneyagae (born 1984 in the North West Province, South Africa) is a South African actor, best known for starring in the film Tsotsi, which won the Academy Award for Foreign Language Film at the 78th Academy Awards. Although he had acted before in plays, Tsotsi was his first feature film.
Presley Marion Rixey Admiral Presley Marion Rixey (14 July 1852 – 17 June 1928), born in Culpeper, Virginia, was the United States Naval Surgeon General and personal physician to Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. He earned his medical degree at the University of Virginia in 1873.
Presley Spruance Presley Spruance (September 11, 1785–February 13, 1863) was a merchant and politician from Smyrna, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Whig Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as U.
Presley T. Glass Presley Thornton Glass was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 10th congressional district of Tennessee. He was born on October 18, 1824 in Houston, Virginia in Halifax County.
Presociality Presociality is a phenomenon in which animals exhibit more than just sexual interactions with members of the same species; however, they fall short of qualifying as eusocial. That is, presocial animals can display communal living, cooperative care of young, or primitive division of labor, but they do not display all of the three essential traits of eusocial animals, those being (1 Overlap of adult generations, (2 Reproductive division of labor, and (3 cooperative care of young.
Presque Isle Presque Isle is the name of several places in the United States. Presqu'isle means "peninsula" in the French language (the literal translation is almost an island); presumably the places of that name are located on peninsulas.
Presque-isle Presque-isle (from the French, meaning almost an island) is a geographical term denoting a piece of land which is closer to being an island than most peninsulas because of its being joined to the mainland by an extremely narrow neck of land.
Press (newspaper) Press is a daily tabloid published in Belgrade. It is the latest in a growing series of Serbian print media publications that came into existence due to a group of journalists leaving their previous place of employment en masse to start a new paper.
Press agent A press agent is a professional publicist who acts on behalf of his or her client on all matters involving public relations. Press agents are typically employed by public personalities and organizations such as performers and businesses.
Press and Journal (Scotland) The Press and Journal, often called the P&J, is a daily regional newspaper serving the northern areas of Scotland including the cities of Aberdeen and Inverness. Established in 1748 as the Aberdeen Journal, it is Scotland's oldest daily newspaper.
Press Act The Press Act of 1914 was a legislation promulgated in British India imposing strict censorship on all kinds of publications. The measure was brought into effect to curtail an emerging Indian independence movement, especially with the outbreak of World War I.
Press Association The Press Association — now known as the "Press Association Group (PA Group)" — is the national news agency of the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1868 by a consortium of provincial newspaper proprietors as a co-operative in order to supply news items from across the country to its members.
Press Council of India The Press Council Of India is a statutory body in India that governs the conduct of the print and broadcast media.It is one of the most important bodies that sustain democracy as it has supreme power in regards to the media ensuring that freedom of speech is maintained.
Press gallery The press gallery is the part of a parliament where political journalists are allowed to sit or gather to observe and then report speeches and events. This is generally one of the galleries overlooking the floor of the house and can also include separate offices in the parliamentary buildings accorded to the various media outlets, such as occurs with the Canberra Press Gallery in the Australian Parliament.
Press Gang Press Gang was a British children's television comedy-drama, which ran for forty-three episodes in five series from 1989 to 1993. It was produced by Richmond Film & Television for Central, and screened on the ITV network in its regular weekday afternoon children's strand, Children's ITV.
Press Gazette Press Gazette, formerly known as UK Press Gazette (UKPG), is a British media trade magazine dedicated to journalism and the press. It has been running for 41 years, and currently has around 2,700 subscribers and a circulation of around 4,600, although it had enjoyed higher circulations earlier in its history.
Press Holdings Press Holdings is the name of a British holding company owned by the Barclay brothers which has: The Spectator and The Business, the Apollo arts magazine, as well as operating some online journalism ventures such as handbag.com.
Press kit A press kit, often referred to as a media kit in business environments, is a pre-packaged set of promotional materials of a person, company, or organization distributed to members of the media for promotional use. They are often distributed to announce a release or for a news conference.
Press laws Press Laws are the laws concerning the licensing of books and the liberty of expression in all products of the printing-press, especially newspapers. The liberty of the press has always been regarded by political writers as of supreme importance.
Press Maravich Peter "Press" Maravich (August 29, 1915 - April 15, 1987) a first-generation American of Serbian descent, was a popular college and professional basketball coach. Received the nickname "Press" for always having gossip styled updates in his hometown of Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, a Pittsburgh suburb.
Press pool Press pool refers to a group of news gathering organizations pooling their resources in the collection of news. A video pool or pool feed is then distributed to members of the pool who are free to edit it or use it as they see fit.
Press Play on Tape PRESS PLAY ON TAPE is a revival and tribute rock band to the music used in games on the 1980s' Commodore 64 home computer. The six-member band, hailing from Copenhagen, Denmark, has released a couple of albums and has done several concerts in Britain, Norway and Denmark.
Press secretary A press secretary is a senior advisor (usually to a politician) who provides advice on how to deal with the media and, using news management techniques, helps them to maintain a positive public image and avoid negative media coverage. They often, but not always, act as the organization's senior spokesperson.
Press the Eject and Give Me the Tape Press the Eject and Give Me the Tape is a live album by the British gothic rock band Bauhaus, released in 1982 on Beggars Banquet Records, and recorded in London and Liverpool in 1981 and 1982. The album cover is a photograph by Eugene Merinov.
Press Trust of India Press Trust of India is a nonprofit cooperative among the Indian newspapers. It took over the operations of the Associated Press of India and the Indian operations of Reuters soon after India's independence on August 27, 1947.
Press-Register The Press-Register is a daily newspaper serving the southwest Alabama counties of Mobile and Baldwin, continuing its on-going mission to be "a better newspaper everyday" since its first incarnation in 1813, making it Alabama's oldest newspaper. It is owned by Advance Publications, which also owns the primary newspapers in Birmingham, Alabama and Huntsville, Alabama.
Pressbook A pressbook is a piece of promotional material created and distributed by film producers in order to market their films. Prior to 1980, most film companies did their own promotion, and the pressbooks would be given to exhibitors.
PressbyrĂĄn PressbyrĂĄn is a chain of convenience stores in Sweden that sells such items as cigarettes, soft drinks, water, snack foods like potato chips, candy bars. The chain of stores also sells magazines and newspapers.
Pressed Steel Car Company On January 13 1899 the Pressed Steel Car Company was incorporated in New Jersey. This was an amalgamation of the the Schoen Pressed Steel Company, Pittsburgh, and the British company, the Fox Solid Pressed Steel Company, set up in 1889 in Joliet, 30 miles south-west of Chicago.
Pressens Opinionsnämnd Pressens Opinionsnänmd or Swedish Press Council is a body governed by the Swedish print media tasked with determining whether the actions of a newspaper is in line with good journalistic practice. Complaints regarding the practices of print media can be reported by the general public to the Press Ombudsman who determines whether a complaint should be brought before the Press Council.
Pressing On Pressing On is a song by the Christian rock band Relient K, and it is featured on their second album, The Anatomy of the Tongue in Cheek. It is one of the band's most popular songs, and can be heard on Christian radio stations from time to time.
Pressombudsmannen Pressombudsmannen (or Press Ombudsman) is a person whose role in the Swedish print media is to determine whether the actions of a newspaper is in line with good journalistic practice. Complaints regarding the practices of print media can be reported by the general public to the Pressombudsmannen who determines whether a complaint should be brought before the Swedish Press Council.
Pressplay pressplay was an online music store created by as a joint venture between Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment. The two record labels provided music for pressplay along with BMG, EMI, Warner Music Group and various independent labels.
PressPass ESPNsoccernet PressPass is an half hour, twice weekly football (soccer) discussion show between Derek Rae, Tommy Smyth and Janusz Michallik. The show airs only in Australia, New Zealand, Africa, Israel, and the Middle East.
Pressure coefficient The pressure coefficient is a dimensionless number used in aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, most often in the design and analysis of an airfoil. The relationship between the coefficient and the dimensional number is:
Pressure cooking Pressure cooking is a method of cooking in a sealed vessel that does not permit air or liquids to escape below a preset pressure. Because water's boiling point increases as the pressure increases, the pressure built up inside the cooker allows the liquid in the pot to rise to a temperature higher than 100 °C (212 °F) before boiling.
Pressure Cooker (band) Pressure Cooker is a band that was formed in 1997 out of the very active Boston ska scene. Pressure Cooker mixes ska, rocksteady, and reggae with elements of jazz, calypso, and latin music creating a unique sound while still maintaining the traditional Jamaican styles.
Pressure Cooker (video game) Pressure Cooker is an Atari 2600 video game released by Activision in 1983. It has arcade-style gameplay, in which the player is a short-order cook at a hamburger stand who must assemble and package hamburgers to order without letting ingredients or hamburgers fall to the floor.
Pressure drop Pressure drop is a term used to describe the change in pressure across a system. For example, in a typical garden hose the pressure in the hose is 40 psi and at sea level the atmospheric pressure is about 15 psi.
Pressure experiment Pressure experiments are experiments performed at pressures lower or higher than atmospheric pressure, called low-pressure experiments and high-pressure experiments, respectively. Pressure experiment are necessary because substances behave differently at different pressures.
Pressure Equipment Directive The Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC (PED) of the EU sets out the standards for the design and manufacture of pressure equipment generally over 1 litre in volume and having a maximum pressure more than 0.5 bar gauge.
Pressure flaking In lithic reduction, pressure flaking is a method of trimming the edge of a stone tool by removing small lithic flakes by pressing on the stone with a sharp instrument rather than striking it with a percussor. This method, which often uses punches made from bone or antler tines (or, among modern hobbyists, copper punches or even nails) allows a greater method of fine control than even the most careful percussive flaking.
Pressure flip A Trick popularized in the 90's but nowadays its not all that common. There are many variations of the pressure flip, but the "real" one (looks like a varial heelflip)is performed thus: You pop the board into the air.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.