Encyclopedia

Panzer Dragoon Panzer Dragoon is a series of video games by SEGA, created first by its internal Team Andromeda and later, the Smilebit development team. Aside from the RPG Panzer Dragoon Saga, the games are of the rail shooter genre.
Panzer Dragoon Zwei Panzer Dragoon Zwei is a rail shooter released exclusively for the Sega Saturn, it was the second Panzer Dragoon game released but it is a prequel of the series. It was developed by Team Andromeda, one of Sega's internal development studios.
Panzer Group Guderian Panzergruppe Guderian (Panzer Group Guderian) was a German armoured unit from the World War II, so called by its commander, general Heinz Guderian, creator of the German Panzerwaffe. In early June 1940, after reaching the English Channel following the breaktrough in the Ardennes, the Panzergruppe Guderian was formed from the XIX Armeekorps and thrust deep into France, cutting off the giant Maginot Line.
Panzer I The Panzerkampfwagen I (PzKpfw I), more commonly referred to as the Panzer I, was a light tank produced by Germany in the 1930s, intended as a training tank, but also used extensively in the Spanish Civil War and early World War II.
Panzer II The Panzerkampfwagen II, also called Panzer II, was a German tank used in World War II. Designed as a stopgap while other tanks were developed, it played an important role in the early years of World War II, during the Polish and French campaigns.
Panzer III The Panzerkampfwagen III (PzKpfw III), more commonly referred to as the Panzer III, was a tank developed in the 1930s by Germany and used extensively in World War II. It was designed to fight other AFVs, serving alongside the infantry-support Panzer IV.
Panzer IV The Panzerkampfwagen IV (PzKpfw IV), more commonly referred to as the Panzer IV, was a tank developed by Germany and used extensively in World War II. It was designed initially as an infantry-support medium tank (Begleitwagen, mittlerer Panzer), to work in conjunction with the Pzkpfw III which was supposed to engage enemy armor.
Panzer Kunst Panzer Kunst (literally Tank Art or Armored Art) is a fictional martial art for cyborgs from Yukito Kishiro's Battle Angel Alita and Battle Angel Alita: Last Order. It is the fighting style used by the titular heroine Alita and, later on by her replicas.
Panzer stab 43 The Panzer stab 43 was a German anti-tank mine, together with the Hohl-Sprung mine 4672 it was the first mine to combine a shaped charge warhead with a tilt rod fuze. The mine was developed during the Second World War, but never saw combat use.
Panzer Tactics DS This is a Nintendo DS strategy game, set in World War 2, that uses hexagonal tiles. Although the scheduled release date has moved up several times - November 2006 to February 1, 2007 to March 1, 2007 - the game should be released near its newest scheduled release date since game media outlets have already been given hands-on preview playtime.
Panzer VII Löwe The Panzerkampfwagen VII Löwe (Lion) was a design for a Super Heavy Tank created by Krupp for the Nazi German government during World War II. The project never left the drawing board, and was dropped in late 1942 in favor of the Panzer VIII Maus.
PanzerbĂĽchse PanzerbĂĽchse (plural: PanzerbĂĽchsen) is the German term for anti-tank rifle used in World War II. Literally it means 'tank rifle'; here, the word 'BĂĽchse' is the term for 'rifle' in sports or hunting jargon.
PanzerBlitz PanzerBlitz is a tactical-scale board wargame of tank, artillery, and infantry combat set in the Eastern Front of the Second World War. The hex-grid map comes in several pieces to be fit together for various scenarios.
Panzerfaust The Panzerfaust (plural: Panzerfäuste, literally: "gauntlet", "armor fist" or "tank fist") was an inexpensive, recoilless German anti-tank weapon of World War II. It consisted of a small, disposable preloaded recoilless gun - not rocket propelled, as commonly believed.
Panzerfaust 3 The Panzerfaust 3 is a modern and disposable anti-tank rocket launcher developed between 1978 and 1985 and put into service by the German army in 1992. It was first ordered in 1973 to provide West German infantry with an effective weapon against contemporary Soviet armor thereby replacing West Germany's aging Bazooka-like rocket launchers.
Panzerfaust Magazine Panzerfaust was a wargaming magazine started by Don Greenwood in 1967 and named after the WWII German recoilless gun. Like the more successful Strategy & Tactics magazine, Panzerfaust included complete games.
Panzerkeil The Panzerkeil (Armoured Wedge) was an offensive armoured tactic developed by German forces on the Eastern Front during World War II. The panzerkeil was developed in response to the Soviet employment of the pakfront defence.
Panzerlehrdivision The Panzerlehrdivision (also called Panzer-Lehr-Division), commonly known as Panzer Lehr, was a German armored division during World War II, one of the most Ă©lite units in the entire German army. It was formed in 1943 from various units of Ă©lite training and demonstration troops (Lehr = "demonstration") stationed in Germany, to provide additional armored strength for resisting the anticipated Allied invasion of western Europe.
Panzerschlachten (book) Panzerschlachten ("Panzer Battles") is the German language title of Major-General Friedrich W. von Mellenthin's autobiographical account of his service in the Panzer arm of the Heer during World War II.
Panzerschreck The Panzerschreck (German: tank terrorizer; lit. armor fear or tank's fright) was the popular name for the RaketenpanzerbĂĽchse ('rocket tank rifle', abbreviated to RPzB) an 88 mm calibre reusable anti-tank rocket launcher developed by the Germans in World War II.
Panzertruppenschule Kama Panzertruppenschule Kama was a top secret research and training facility, located near Kazan in the USSR, jointly operated by the Soviets and Germans between 1926 and 1933. The Panzertruppenschule prefix was there to provide the location a cover as an Armoured school.
Panzerwaffe Panzerwaffe (German for "Armored Force") refers to a command within the German Wehrmacht responsible for the affairs of panzer and motorized forces shortly before and during the Second World War. It was originally known as Schnelltruppen ("Fast Troops"), a motorized command established in the Reichswehr following the First World War, redesignated as Panzerwaffe in 1936 by Generalleutnant Heinz Guderian.
Panzerwerfer Panzerwerfer is the name for two different types of half-tracked multiple rocket launchers employed by Germany during the Second World War. The two self-propelled artillery vehicles are the 15cm Panzerwerfer 42 auf Selbstfahrlafette Sd.
Panzuriel In many campaign settings for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Panzuriel is a deity of murder, confusion, and subversion. Panzuriel is most commonly worshipped by evil aquatic races, such as koalinths, krakens, merrows, sahuagin, scrags, and vodyanoi.
Pao Tcheou Pao Tcheou is a fictional character from a series of French novels. Referring to himself as "Maitre de L'invisible" ("Master of the Invisible"), due to his ability to turn himself invisible, Pao is a megalomaniacal Chinese villain, evocative of the Yellow Peril and similar to the famous Fu Manchu; indeed he is supposedly his cousin.
Paola Lenti Paola Antonelli is one of the world's foremost design experts and was recently rated as one of the top one hundred most powerful people in the world of art by Art Review. She is a curator in the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art.
Paola Rey Paola Rey (born Paola Andrea Rey on December 19, 1979 in Bucaramanga, Colombia) is a Colombian actress best known as Jimena Elizondo Acevedo in PasiĂłn de Gavilanes and Juliana Soler/Maritza Ferrer in La Mujer En El Espejo. Co-starring with her in these two telenovelas is Juan Alfonso Baptista.
Paola Vukojicic Paola Vukojicic (born August 28, 1974 in Buenos Aires) is a field hockey goalkeeper from Argentina, who won the silver medal with the national women's hockey team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She started playing the sport at San Isidro Club, and made her debut for Argentina in the 1998 World Hockey Cup in Utrecht.
Paola Zizzi Italian astrophysicist Paola Zizzi is perhaps most notable for her work in the field of Loop quantum gravity theory that regards the early universe as a kind of quantum computer. She proposed that the universe could have achieved the threshold of computational complexity sufficient for the emergence of consciousness during the period of cosmic inflation, in a paper entitled "Emergent Consciousness: From the Early Universe to Our Mind" gr-qc/0007006, which has become known as the Big Wow theory.
Paola, Malta Paola, (or old name Casal Pawla), is a town in the south of Malta, with a population of 8,856 people (Nov 2005). It is named after its founder, the Grandmaster Antoine de Paule, but is commonly known as Raħal Ġdid, which means new town in Maltese.
Paoli Peaks Paoli Peaks is an alpine ski resort located in the western portion of Paoli, Indiana. Paoli Peaks is for skiers, snowboarders, snowbladers, and tubers (with the addition of their tubing hill in the 2006-2007 season).
Paolo Achenza Paolo Achenza is an Italian jazz pianist from Bari and was one of the first Italian artists involved with the acid jazz scene. In the second half of the 1990s, he formed the Paolo Achenza Trio with Stefano Valenzano and Massimiliano Ingrosso to make various albums and singles.
Paolo Achenza Trio Paolo Achenza Trio is an Italian acid jazz group formed by Paolo Achenza, Stefano Valenzano and Massimiliano Ingrosso. During the 1990s, the Trio recorded a couple of albums on Right Tempo and Schema Records, with production by Nicola Conte.
Paolo Bellasio Paolo Bellasio (May 20, 1554 – July 10, 1594) was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. He is generally considered to be a member of the Roman School, though unusually for the group he seems to have written only madrigals.
Paolo Boccone Paolo Silvio Boccone (1633-1704) was a Sicilian botanist whose interest in plants had been sparked by a visit to the botanical gardens (l'Orto Botanico) founded in Messina by the Roman doctor Pietro Castelli, who became his instructor. Born in Palermo, he traveled across Sicily, Corsica, Paris, and London and later became a lecturer in Padua.
Paolo Boselli Paolo Boselli (Savona, June 8, 1838 – Rome, March 10, 1932) was an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy during World War I. Boselli, a relatively undistinguished politician of the right-center who, at 78, was one of the oldest deputies in the Italian parliament, was appointed Prime Minister in June, 1916, following the fall of the Salandra government as a result of Italian military reverses.
Paolo Busti Paolo Busti, or Paul Busti (17 October 1749 – 23 July 1824), was the principal agent of the Holland Land Company from 1800 until his death. Busti was born in Milan, Italy and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Paolo Canè Paolo Canè (born April 9, 1965 in Bologna) is a former tennis player from Italy, who turned professional in 1983. During his career, he won three top-level singles titles (Bordeaux in 1986, Bastad in 1989, and Bologna in 1991).
Paolo Cirino Pomicino Paolo Cirino Pomicino (born on 3 September 1939 in Napoli) is an Italian politician, and was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies in the 2006 General election repesenting the Christian Democracy for the Autonomies.
Paolo Conte Paolo Conte (born 6 January 1937) is a craggy-voiced italian singer, pianist and composer. He both writes and performs his own material and his grainy, resonant voice redolent of Francophone singers like Jacques Brel adds a certain charm to his wistful, sometimes melancholic lyrics.
Paolo da Firenze Paolo da Firenze (Paolo Tenorista, "Magister Dominus Paulas Abbas de Florentia") (c. 1355 – after September 20, 1436) was an Italian composer and music theorist of the late 14th and early 15th centuries, the transition from the musical Medieval era to the Renaissance.
Paolo Dal Soglio Paolo Dal Soglio (born 29 July 1970 in Schio) is an Italian shot putter, best known for his gold medal at the 1996 European Indoor Championships and the fourth place at the 1996 Olympic Games. His personal best was 21.
Paolo Di Avitabile General Paolo Bartolomeo Avitabile (Abu Tabela) (25 October 1791 - 28 March 1850), was a Neapolitan soldier, mercenary and adventurer. A peasant's son born in Agerola, near Amalfi in Italy, he served in the Neapolitan militia during the Napoleonic wars.
Paolo Eleuteri Serpieri Paolo Eleuteri Serpieri (February 29, 1944, Venice) is an Italian comic book writer and illustrator, known for his highly detailed rendering of the human form, particularly erotic images of women. He is perhaps best known for his work on the Druuna erotic science fiction series.
Paolo Giacometti Paolo Giacometti (1816-1882) was an Italian dramatist born at Novi Ligure. He was educated in law at Genoa, but at the age of twenty had some success with his play Rosilda and then devoted himself to the stage.
Paolo Lucio Anafesto Paoluccio or Paolo Lucio Anafesto (Latin Anafestus Paulucius or Paulicius) was the reputed first doge of Venice. A noble of Heraclea, then the primary city of the region, he was elected in 697 as an official over the entire lagoon that surrounded Venice, both to put an end to the conflicts between the various tribunes who until then had governed the various parts, and to coordinate the defence against the Lombards and the Slavs who were encroaching on the settlements.
Paolo Maffei The career of Paolo Maffei (b. in Foligno, 1926), former director of the Catania Observatory and an astronomer at Arcetri, Bologna, Asiago and Hamburg, has covered comets, variable stars, evolution of the universe, history of astronomy and popularization of astronomy through many inspired books.
Paolo Manalo Paolo Manalo is a Filipino poet and an Assistant Professor at the College of Arts and Letters, University of the Philippines where he teaches English, creative writing and comparative literature. For a time he served as the literary editor of the Philippines Free Press.
Paolo Mantegazza Paolo Mantegazza (1831 – 1910) was a prominent Italian neurologist, physiologist and anthropologist, noted for the isolation of cocaine from coca leaves and his experimental investigation into its effects on the human psyche. He was also a writer of fiction.
Paolo Matthiae Paolo Matthiae is Professor of Archaeology and History of Art of the Ancient Near East in the University of Rome La Sapienza; he has been Director of the Ebla Expedition since 1963 -in fact its discoverer-, and has published many articles and books about Ebla, and about the History of Art of Mesopotamia and Syria in general.
Paolo Montero Paolo Montero Iglesias (born September 3, 1971 in Montevideo) is a central defender with Penarol of Uruguay and the Uruguayan national team. He is well known for his poor disciplinary record and rough tackles, and he can also play at the position of fullback.
Paolo Oss Mazzurana Paolo Oss Mazzurana (1833, Trento, Italy-1895) was an Italian stetesman, and most importantly Trento's most famous mayor. His tenure was characterized by progressive economic policies that impacted Trento's commercial sector and eventually lead to its independence as a statehood.
Paolo Portoghesi Paolo Portoghesi (born 2nd November 1931, Rome) is an Italian architect, theorist, historian and professor of architecture at the University La Sapienza in Rome. He is a former President of the architectural section of the Venice Biennale (1979-92), Editor-in-chief of the journal Controspazio (1969-83), and dean of the Faculty of Architecture at the Polytechnic University of Milan (1968-78).
Paolo Ruffini Paolo Ruffini (Valentano, 1765 – Modena, 1822) was an Italian mathematician and philosopher. Among his work was an incomplete proof that quintic (and higher-order) equations cannot be solved by radicals and Ruffini's rule, a quick method for polynomial division.
Paolo Thaon di Revel Paolo Thaon di Revel, Duca del Mare (1859-1948) was an admiral of the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) during World War I. He twice served as Naval Chief of Staff during the war and was reluctant to risk the Italian battlefleet in anything other than a major surface action.
Paolo Treves Born in Milan in 1908, son of the well-known Italian socialist Claudio Treves (1869-1933). Paolo Treves worked for the Milanese socialist paper La Giustizia in the early 1920s and and studied under Benedetto Croce, with whom he corresponded until the outbreak of war despite the later's tacit support for Benito Mussolini.
Paolo Troubetzkoy Prince Paolo Troubetzkoy (Verbania Intra near Lago Maggiore,Italy, 15 February 1866 — Verbania Pallanza near Lago Maggiore, 12 February 1938), also known as Paul, was an artist and a sculptor. He worked in Russia, America, England and Italy.
Paolo Uccello Paolo Uccello (born Paolo di Dono, 1397 – December 10 1475) was a Florentine painter who was notable of visual perspective in art. Giorgio Vasari in his book Lives of the Artist wrote that Uccello was obsessed by his interest in perspective and would stay up all night in his study trying to grasp the exact vanishing point.
Paoro The name Paoro appears in John White's English translation of a Māori story attributed by him to the Ngāti Hau tribe, as a personal name meaning 'Echo'. However in the Māori language original which White also supplies, the name Paoro does not appear - instead the word used is 'pari-kārangaranga', "echoing cliff".
Pap (food) Pap, a traditional porridge made from mielie-meal (ground maize or other grain), is a staple food of the Bantu inhabitants of South Africa (the Dutch word "pap" simply means "porridge" or "gruel"). Many traditional South African dishes include pap, such as smooth maize meal porridge (also called slap pap), and crumbly "phutu" (pronounced "poo-too") pap.
Pap of Armenia Pap was king of Armenia from 370-374, after he expelled the Persians from the country. Pap became king of Armenia with Roman consent at age 22 and succeeded the Persian governor Merujan Ardzruni, he was followed by Varazdat.
Pap of Glencoe The Pap of Glencoe (Scottish Gaelic: Sgurr na Cìche) is a mountain on the northern side of Glen Coe, in the Highlands of Scotland. It lies at the western end of the Aonach Eagach ridge, directly above the point where the River Coe enters Loch Leven.
Pap smear In gynecology, the Papanikolaou test or Papanicolaou test (also called Pap smear, Pap test, cervical smear, or smear test) is a medical screening method for detecting infectious, premalignant, and malignant processes in the ectocervix. It may also detect changes in the endocervix and endometrium.
Papa Byrd Papa Byrd is the musical side project of producers Christopher Hall (Los Angeles DJ), and Scott Christopher (Los Angeles DJ and member of 00Soul). The music of Papa Byrd can also be described as a mix of dance music and lounge, along with elements of funk and other styles.
Papa class submarine The Soviet Union's Project 661 Anchar nuclear-powered attack submarine design is known in the west by its NATO reporting name Papa class. Only one vessel of this class was built: K-162, which was later renamed K-222.
Papa Isio Dionisio Seguela, more widely known as Papa Isio (Hiligaynon, Isio the Pope), was the leader of a group of babaylanes (shaman) who were, as conjectured by Modesto P. Sa-onoy, recruited from the remnants of the followers of Dios Buhawi upon the dissolution of his group under the poor leadership of Camartin de la Cruz during the years prior to the onset of the Philippine Revolution.
Papa John's Cardinal Stadium Papa John's Cardinal Stadium, called by some "The Oven," "The Slice," or "The Pizza Palace," is a football stadium located in Louisville, Kentucky, USA and serves as the home of the football team of the University of Louisville's Cardinals. It opened in 1998, making it the second newest on-campus football stadium in NCAA Division I-A behind SMU's Gerald J.
Papa John's Pizza Papa John's Pizza () is the third largest carryout and delivery pizza restaurant in the United States behind Pizza Hut and Domino's Pizza; it is based in Louisville, Kentucky. Papa John's slogan is "Better Ingredients, Better Pizza.
Papa Legba In Haitian Vodou, Papa Legba is the intermediary between the lwa and humanity. He stands at a spiritual crossroads and gives (or denies) permission to speak with the spirits of Guinea, and is believed to speak all human languages.
Papa Little Papa Little is an island in Shetland, Scotland with an area of around 2 km². Its name derives from the Little island of the papar (in distinction to Papa Stour), who were Gaelic hermits or Culdees found as far north as Iceland.
Papa M Papa M is an alias of Louisville musician David Pajo, former guitarist for seminal post-rockers Slint and Tortoise. Material released under this name started out entirely instrumental, but Pajo gradually began to include more traditionally-structured songs, sung by himself, on the records.
Papa rellena Papas rellena ("stuffed potato" in Spanish) is a Peruvian dish consisting of mashed potatoes stuffed with ground (minced) meat, chopped hard boiled eggs, olives and various spices and then deep fried. It is usually accompanied with a red onion dressing made with lime juice, salt and aji ("a-heé").
Papa Roach: Live & Murderous In Chicago Papa Roach: Live & Murderous In Chicago is the first DVD released by Californian rock group Papa Roach. It was released in the United States on November 22, 2005 – and features the band performing live at "The Vic Theater" in Chicago, Illinois.
Papa Was a Rollin' Stone "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone" is a soul song, written by Motown songwriters Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong as a single for Motown act The Undisputed Truth in 1971. This version of "Papa" was released as a single in early 1972, and peaked at number sixty-three on the pop charts and number twenty-four on the R&B charts.
Papabile Papabile (pl. Papabili) is an unofficial Italian term first coined by Vaticanologists and now used internationally in many languages to describe a cardinal of whom it is thought likely or possible that he will be elected pope.
Papadiana Papadiana (greek Παπαδιανά) is a small village in Chania Prefecture on the island of Crete, Greece. It has 14 residents (2001 census source) and it's within the municipality of East Selino (Anatoliko Selino).
Papaflessas Papaflessas (1788-1825), born George Flessas, was a Greek patriot, priest, and government official of the old Flessas Family. The word "papa" in the name "Papaflessas" indicates his status as a cleric, 'papa' being the Greek for 'priest'.
Papago Freeway Tunnel The Papago Freeway Tunnel, or Deck Park Tunnel, is part of the I-10 Freeway system as it passes through downtown Phoenix, Arizona. The tunnel extends from approximately North 3rd Avenue to North 3rd Street under what is now Margaret T.
Papagoite Papagoite is a rare cyclosilicate mineral. Chemically, it is a calcium copper aluminium silicate hydroxide, found as a secondary mineral on slip surfaces and in altered granodiorite veins, either in massive form or as microscopic crystals that may form spherical aggregates.
Papagou Papagou, uncommonly Papagos or Pappagos (Greek: Παπάγου) is a suburb in the northeastern part of Athens, Greece. The city is named after the general Alexandros Papagos who served in the Second World War.
Papahanaumoku Papahanaumoku (literally, broad place who gives birth to islands), or Papa, is the name of the Kanaka Maoli creatrix goddess who, together with "Sky Father" Wakea is the ancestor of all people, as well as of the Kalo. She is the Kanaka Maoli manifestation of Mother Earth.
Papahaua Ranges The Papahaua Ranges are a mountain range on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island east of the town of Westport. It is a geological continuation of the Paparoa Ranges that are south of the Buller River and runs north from the Buller Gorge to the Mokihinui River.
Papajohns.com Bowl The Papajohns.com Bowl (formerly known as the Birmingham Bowl) is a post-season NCAA-sanctioned Division I-A college football bowl game approved in April 2006 and played annually at the 71,594-seat Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama.
Papakeecha Papakeecha or (Pa-hed-ke-teh-a) meaning "Flat Belly" was the most influential Miami chief in the region around Lake Wawasee, in what is now Kosciusko County, Indiana, United States leading his people from 1820 until 1837. Lake Papakeechie was named after him.
Papal Apartments The Papal Apartments are a collection of rooms, both private and state, located on the top floor of the Apostolic Palace, which have served since the 17th century as the religious residence of the Pope as pontiff of the Catholic Church. Prior to 1870, the Pope's official secular residence as sovereign of the Papal States was the Quirinal Palace, now the official residence of the president of Italy.
Papal conclave A papal conclave is the process by which the Roman Catholic Church elects the Bishop of Rome (the Pope) who, as he is considered the "Successor of Saint Peter," is the head of the Church.The closed room or hall specially set aside and prepared for the cardinals when electing a pope; also the assembly of the cardinals for the canonical execution of this purpose.
Papal conclave, 1829 Pope Leo XII died on February 10, 1829. The conclave to elect his successor began on February 24 and took a long time to make a decision because of conflict between secular governments about who should be elected.
Papal conclave, 1846 The death of Pope Gregory XVI on 1 June 1846 triggered the Papal conclave of 1846. Fifty of the sixty-two members of the College of Cardinals assembled in the Quirinal Palace, one of the papal palaces in Rome and the seat of two earlier nineteenth century conclaves.
Papal conclave, 1878 The Papal conclave of 1878 resulted from the death of Pope Pius IX in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican on 7 February 1878. The conclave occurred in circumstances different from those of any previous conclave.
Papal conclave, 1903 The Papal conclave of 1903 was caused by the death of the 93 year old Pope Leo XIII, who at that stage was the third longest reigning pope in history. (Pope John Paul II (1978-2005) passed Leo into third place a century later.
Papal conclave, 1958 The Papal conclave of 1958 occurred following the death of Pope Pius XII on October 9, 1958 in Castel Gandolfo, the papal summer residence in Italy, after a 19-year papacy. Pius had initiated a series of liturgical reforms to the Mass that in some ways were the forerunner of Vatican II changes; in one version of the Mass he introduced vocal participation by the congregation that was to become a standard feature of the Mass of Paul VI.
Papal conclave, 2005 The Papal conclave of 2005 was convoked due to the death of Pope John Paul II on April 2, 2005. After his death, the cardinals who were in Rome met and set a date for the beginning of the conclave to elect John Paul's successor.
Papal Coronation The Papal Coronation is a ceremony in which a new pope is crowned as head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City (and before 1870, head of state of the Papal States). A three-tiered Triple Tiara or Papal Tiara was used in the ceremony.
Papal Documents relating to Freemasonry A number of papal documents deal with Freemasonry,From Masonry (Freemasonry) The Catholic Encyclopedia and ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH LAW REGARDING FREEMASONRY by REID McINVALE, Texas Lodge of Research paper the most prominent include:
Papal infallibility In Roman Catholic theology, papal infallibility is the dogma that, by action of the Holy Spirit, the Pope is preserved from even the possibility of error when he solemnly promulgates, or declares, to the Church a dogmatic teaching on faith or morals as being contained in divine revelation, or at least being intimately connected to divine revelation. The Holy Spirit also works though the body of the Church to ensure that all infallible teachings will be received by all Catholics.
Papal legate A Papal Legate -from the Latin, authentic Roman title Legatus- is a personal representative of the Pope to the nations, or rather to some part of the universal church. He is empowered on the matters of unity of the catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters.
Papal majordomo The papal majordomo or chief steward of the household of the pope is one of the three (formerly four) palatine prelates (prelati palatini), concerning whom particulars have been given in the article MAESTRO DI CAMERA.
Papal Oath The Papal Oath is an oath that some Traditionalist Catholics say was taken by the popes of the Catholic Church, starting with Pope Saint Agatho, who was elected on 27 June 678. They claim that over 180 popes, down to and including Pope Paul VI, swore the oath during their papal coronations.
Papal regalia and insignia The most famous symbol of the Papacy is almost certainly the triregnum (a crown with three levels), also called the "tiara" or "triple crown"; recent Popes (since Pope John Paul I) have not, however, worn the triregnum. The tiara was not worn during liturgies.
Papal supremacy Referring to the doctrine of papal supremacy the Catechism of the Catholic Church notes in paragraph 882, “the Roman Pontiff, by reason of his office as Vicar of Christ, and as pastor of the entire Church has full, supreme, and universal power over the whole Church, a power which he can always exercise unhindered." Paragraph 937 states, “"The Pope enjoys, by divine institution, 'supreme, full, immediate, and universal power in the care of souls.

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