Encyclopedia

Papal States The Papal States or State(s) of the Church (in Italian Lo Stato Ecclesiastico, Lo Stato della Chiesa, Gli Stati della Chiesa or Gli Stati Pontificii,) was one of the major historical states of Italy before the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (after which the Papal States, in less territorially extensive form, continued to exist until 1870). The Papal States comprised those territories over which the Pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense before 1870.
Papal Tiara The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin as the 'Triregnum', and in Italian as the 'Triregno', is the three-tiered jewelled papal crown, supposedly of Byzantine and Persian origin, that is a symbol of the papacy. The Supreme Pontiff's arms have featured a "tiara" since ancient times, notably in combination with Saint Peter's crossed keys.
Papallacta Papallacta is a small village in Ecuador located at an altitude of 3,300 m in the Andes just off of the Eastern Cordilleras on the road from Quito which leads into the Amazon jungle. The scenic drive from Quito to Papallacta passes through several towns and small villages before ascending to a peak of over 4,000 m where views of mountains and glaciers are visible.
Papanasa Mudaliar Papanasa Mudaliyar (1650 - 1725) was an early Carnatic music composer who lived in Tamil Nadu, India. Among his compositions mukattai kAttiya in Bhairavi raga and nadamAdittirintha in Kamboji raga are wellknown.
Papar The Papar (from Irish pap, father or pope) were, according to early Icelandic historical sources, a group of Irish monks that inhabited Iceland at the time of the arrival of the Norsemen. However, no archeological proof of their existence has ever been found.
Papar, Sabah Papar is a town located in West Coast Division, in the center of Sabah, east Malaysia on the island of Borneo. Its population was estimated to be around 59,000 in 1991, almost evenly divided between ethnic Kadazan(Kinarut, Kopimpinan, Lakut, Limputung), Dusun (Mondolipau, Koiduan, Ulu Kimanis, Sumbiling) and Malay(Pengalat Besar, Pengalat Kecil).
Papara Papara is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. Papara is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands.
Paparazzi Paparazzi is a plural term (paparazzo being the singular form) for photographers who take candid photographs of celebrities, usually by relentlessly shadowing them in their public and private activities. Celebrities claiming to have been hounded by such photographers often use "paparazzi" as a pejorative term while news agencies commonly use the word in a broader sense to describe all photographers who take pictures of people of note.
Papatoetoe Railway Station Preservation Trust The Papatoetoe Railway Station Preservation Trust, was formed after a public meeting in 1996 with its mission to restore the local station (parts of the building dated back to 1875), which was facing demolition at the time. The Trust moved the station to its new site a few hundred metres away, still on the Main Trunk, and the site of the original station master's house.
Papatowai Papatowai is a small settlement in the Catlins district of the southeastern South Island of New Zealand. The settlement is situated half-way between the cities of Dunedin and Invercargill, on the Pacific coast close to the mouth of the Tahakopa River.
Papatzys In the account of Theophanes, Papatzys was the Khazar tudun of Kerch during the sojourn of Justinian II in Phanagoria. He was dispatched, along with Balgitzin, by Busir Khagan to kill Justinian in 704, after Busir was bribed by Tiberius III.
Papaveretum Papaveretum (BAN) is a preparation containing a mixture of hydrochloride salts of opium alkaloids. Since 1993, papaveretum has been defined in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) as a mixture of 253 parts morphine hydrochloride, 23 parts papaverine hydrochloride, and 20 parts codeine hydrochloride (Sweetman, 2004).
Papaya Suzuki Papaya Suzuki (Japanese:パパイヤ鈴木, Papaiya Suzuki, born 29 July 1966) is a Japanese celebrity most famous for his dancing and for his afro hairstyle. His real name is Hiroshi Suzuki (鈴木 寛, Suzuki Hiroshi).
Papeete Papeete (translation to English means "water from a basket",Kay, p102 see footnote for variant spelling) (pronounced ) is the capital of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune (municipality) of Papeete is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, of which Papeete is the administrative capital.
Papeete Tahiti Temple The Papeete Tahiti Temple is the 27th constructed and 25th operating temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Located in the city of Papeete on the island of Tahiti in French Polynesia, it was built with a modern single-spire design.
Papel picado Papel picado ("perforated paper") is the Mexican art of cutting paper into elaborate designs. The designs are commonly cut from tissue paper using a guide and small chisels, creating as many as forty banners at a time.
Papel volante Papel volante is a Portuguese name that designates a form of popular literature that may include popular prints. They date from the seventeenth to twentieth centuries, and are usually in an eight page quarto format.
Papenteich Papenteich is a Samtgemeinde in the district of Gifhorn in Lower Saxony, Germany, situated approximately 10km south of Gifhorn, and 15km north of Braunschweig. Papenteich was founded on October 2 1970 and includes 6 local municipalities with 19 villages.
Paper Paper is a thin material produced by the amalgamation of fibers, typically vegetable fibers composed of cellulose, which are subsequently held together by hydrogen bonding. While the fibres used are usually natural in origin, a wide variety of synthetic fibers, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, may be incorporated into paper as a way of imparting desirable physical properties.
Paper and pencil game Paper and pencil games are games that can be played solely with pencil and paper. In some board games, including some abstract strategy games like Gomoku, a piece once played will not be moved on the board or removed from the board.
Paper Airplane Pilots Paper Airplane Pilots are a power pop quintet from Chicago comprising of Jeremiah Wallis (singer/songwriter/guitarist), Ryan Duffy (guitar, backing vocals), Jim Kompare (bass, backing vocals), Tom Collier (drums), and Kegan Simons (keyboards).
Paper bag problem In geometry, the paper bag problem or teabag problem involves calculating the maximum possible inflated volume of an initially flat sealed rectangular bag which has the same shape as a cushion or pillow, made out of two pieces of material which can bend but not stretch.
Paper Bag Party From 1900 until about 1950 in the larger Black neighborhoods of major American cities "paper bag parties" are said to have taken place. People whose skin was not lighter than a brown paper bag were denied entry.
Paper cut A paper cut occurs when a piece of paper or other thin, sharp material slices a person's skin. Paper cuts, though named from paper, can also be caused by other thin, stiff materials, such as aluminium foil, thin blades of grass, or film negatives.
Paper Clips Project The Paper Clips Project is a project by middle school students from the small southeastern Tennessee city of Whitwell who created a monument for the Holocaust victims in Nazi Germany. It started in 1998 as a simple 8th-grade project and evolved into a project gaining worldwide attention.
Paper Dolls (band) The Paper Dolls were a late 1960s, British female vocal trio, from Northampton; appearing some years before similar recording acts such as Bananarama and Atomic Kitten became commonplace. Anticipating the Spice Girls, each member of the group had a nickname.
Paper engineering Paper engineering, a subfield of wood processing, encompasses the design and analysis of the equipment and processes that are used in the manufacture of paper. The field encompasses the preparation of fibrous materials from (usually) trees via a pulping process, chemical and mechanical pretreatment of the fibers in a fluid suspension, the forming and dewatering of a web on a paper machine, and the post-treatment of the sheet with coating, calendering, and other mechanical processes.
Paper fleet Paper Fleet is an underground independent rock group from New York City formed in 2003 by former Ottomen member "Angry Jim" Campbell (Guitar/Vocals) and Josh Inman (Drums/Vocals). Bassist John TerLouw completed the line-up.
Paper folding Paper folding is the art of folding paper; it is known in many societies that use paper. In much of the West, the term origami is used synonymously with paper folding, though the term properly only refers to the art of paper folding in Japan.
Paper football Paper football (also called Tabletop football or Flick football) refers to a table-top game, loosely based on American football, in which a sheet of paper folded into a small triangle is slid back and forth across a table top by two opponents. A long, narrow rectangular table resembling at least somewhat the shape of a football field is needed for satisfactory results.
Paper Hearts "Paper Hearts" is the tenth episode of the fourth season of The X-Files. Agent Mulder is haunted by an old case, in which young girls were killed and hearts cut from their nightgowns, Soon, Mulder becomes suspicious when the killer taunts him with the idea that one of his victims may have been Samantha.
Paper chromatography Paper chromatography is an analytical technique for separating and identifying compounds that are or can be colored, especially pigments. This method has been largely replaced by thin layer chromatography, however it is still a powerful teaching tool.
Paper Chase (game) Paper Chase (also known as Hare and Hounds or Chalk Chase) is a racing game played outdoors (best played within a wood or even a shrubbery maze) with any number of players. At the start of the game, one person is designated the 'hare' and everyone else in the group are the 'hounds'.
Paper lantern Paper lanterns come in various shapes and sizes, as well as various methods of construction. The easiest form, is simply a paper bag with a candle placed inside, although more complicated lanterns consist of a collapsible bamboo or metal frame of hoops, covered with tough paper.
Paper launch A paper launch is the situation in which a product is compared or tested against other products, despite the fact that it is not available to the public at the time. Generally the term is applied to the computer and gaming industry, although it is not limited to that.
Paper Lace Paper Lace was a Nottingham based pop group, formed in 1969. They are known to Americans as a classic one-hit wonder; however, in the UK they were a "classic two and a half hit wonder" (Sendra, 2006).
Paper marbling Paper marbling is a technique for producing colorful patterns on paper (or, rarely, on other surfaces) by swirls of paint, traditionally water-based paint, floating on water. The resulting marbled paper is a popular decorative material, especially as endpapers in book binding and stationery.
Paper mill A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from wood pulp and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier Machine or similar apparatus. These establishments have been noted for producing an obnoxious odour in the general surroundings.
Paper money of the Hungarian pengő Hungarian pengő paper money (Hungarian: pengő papírpénz) was part of the physical form of Hungary's historical currency, the Hungarian pengő. Paper money usually meant banknotes, which were issued (either in fact or in name) by the Hungarian National Bank.
Paper money of the Zimbabwean dollar The banknotes of Zimbabwe were first issued in 1980 after the colony of Rhodesia became independent within the Commonwealth of Nations as the Republic of Zimbabwe. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe took over the functions of the Reserve Bank of Rhodesia, and the Rhodesian dollar was withdrawn and replaced by the Zimbabwean dollar.
Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door is a role-playing video game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube video game console in 2004. It is the fourth game in the Mario RPG series, and uses the same gameplay and visual style as its predecessor Paper Mario for the Nintendo 64 but with improved visuals.
Paper Mill Playhouse Paper Mill Playhouse is a regional theatre located in Millburn, New Jersey, less than 25 miles away from Manhattan. Due to its location, it can draw from the pool of actors (and audience members) who live in New York City.
Paper Mill Run Paper Mill Run, also known as Monoshone Creek, is a small tributary of Wissahickon Creek in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Its watershed includes parts of the Mount Airy and Germantown neighhborhoods of Philadelphia.
Paper negative The paper negative process consists of using a negative printed on paper (either photographically or digitally) to create the final print of a photograph, as opposed to using a modern negative on a film base of cellulose acetate. The plastic acetate negative (which is what modern films produce) enable the printing of a very sharp image intended to be as close a representation of the actual subject as is possible.
Paper paradigm The paper paradigm refers to the paradigm used by most modern computers and operating systems. The paper paradigm consists of, usually, black text on a white background, files within folders, and a "desktop.
Paper pollution Paper pollution is a large set of adverse effects in natural ecology and earth balance caused by paper industry manufacturing activities and by waste products. Paper manufacturing process is one of the most environmentally Un-friendly industries there is.
Paper prototypes Paper prototyping is a widely used method in the User Centered Design process, a process that helps developers to create software that meets the user's expectations and needs— in this case, especially for designing and testing user interfaces. It is Throwaway Prototyping and involves creating rough, even hand sketched, drawings of an interface to use as prototypes, or models, of a design.
Paper railroad A paper railroad is a railroad on paper only and does not own any locomotives or rolling stock. Frequently paper railroads were legal corporations set up by larger parent railroads of which the paper railroad was a subsidiary.
Paper Rad Paper Rad is a Pittsburgh, PA/Northampton, MA American art collective that makes comics zines, video art, net art, MIDI files, paintings, installations, and are in a variety of bands. The three primary members are Jacob Ciocci, Jessica Ciocci, and Ben Jones.
Paper shredder Paper shredders are used to cut paper into very fine strips or tiny paper chips. Government organizations, businesses, and private individuals use shredders to destroy private, confidential, or sensitive documents.
Paper size There have been many standard sizes of paper at different times and in different countries, but today there are basically only two systems in place: the international standard (A4 and its siblings), and the North American sizes.
Paper township Paper townships are a type of township under Ohio law which do not act as functioning units of civil government. They exist because cities and villages in Ohio, which all sprang from townships, are allowed to continue to exist above townships.
Paper trail A paper trail is a set of documents that can be used to gain information about a person, business, organization, or other entity. This includes, but is not limited to, their location, behaviors, activities and habits.
Paper wasp Paper wasps are 3/4 inch to 1 inch (2-2.5 cm)-long wasps that gather fibers from dried plant stems, which they mix with saliva, and use to construct water-resistant nests that appear to be made of gray or brown papery material.
Paper Wars Paper Wars is a bimonthly wargaming magazine published by Omega Games, a producer of military simulation board games, card games for business education, and general-interest card games. The magazine's editor is John Burtt.
Paper, Allied-Industrial, Chemical and Energy Workers International Union The Paper, Allied-Industrial, Chemical and Energy Workers International Union (PACE) was an international union that represented workers in the United States and Canada. PACE was founded in January 4, 1999 by the merger of the United Paperworkers International Union with the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union.
Paperama Paperama was an arts & crafts store with locations in New England. Facing Chapter 11 Bankruptcy caused by competition like Party City, the store underwent a name change to The Paper Warehouse, before it finally closed all locations in the mid-1990s.
Paperback Paperback (sometimes softback, or softcover) may refer to a kind of book binding by which papers are simply folded without cloth or leather and bound - usually with glue rather than stitches or staples - into a thick paper cover; or to a book with this type of binding. (Contrast cloth, hardback, hardbound or hardcover.
Paperback Software International Ltd. Paperback Software International Ltd. was a software company founded in the 1980s by Adam Osborne, Paperback Software was dedicated to the proposition that computer software cost too much, and that software such as word processors and spreadsheets should be available in the US$20 range.
Paperback Writer "Paperback Writer" is a song written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon and released by The Beatles on the A side of their eleventh single. It went to the number one spot in Britain, the United States, West Germany, and Australia.
Paperbark Maple Paperbark Maple (Acer griseum) is a species of maple native to central China. It is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree, reaching 10-18 m tall, and has smooth, shiny orange-red bark, which peels in thin, papery layers.
Paperboard Paperboard, within the commercial papermaking industry, is simply the term used to describe a thick sheet of paper. Because of this simple definition, there is some confusion in the industry as to what qualifies as paperboard.
Paperboy A paperboy is the general name for a person employed by a newspaper, a news agent or even an official postal service to deliver newspapers to the homes of subscribers, as assigned by streets and routes. Paperboys traditionally were and are still often portrayed on television and movies as a preteen boys, often on a bicycle.
Paperboy (rapper) Paperboy (born Mitchell Johnson in Oakland, California) is a 1990s rapper best known for his hit single Ditty, which sampled Zapp's R&B classic Doo Wa Ditty (Blow That Thing). In 1993 he released the album The Nine Yards which contained 10 tracks, including the platinum certified single Ditty.
PaperBackSwap PaperBackSwap (PBS) is a club co-founded in 2004 by Robert Swarthout and Richard Pickering of Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Its purpose is to use the Internet to facilitate the parity trading of books among member bibliophiles in the United States.
Papercraft Papercraft, or pepakura, is a method of crafting three-dimensional objects out of paper, similar to origami. However, it differs from origami in that the patterns can consist of several pieces of paper, and that the patterns are cut out with hobby knives and affixed together with superglue rather than standing on their own.
Papercrete Papercrete is a fairly new construction material that consists of re-pulped paper fiber with portland cement or clay and/or other dirt added. When cement is added, this material is not as "green" (environmentally-friendly) as would be ideal, but the relatively small amount of cement is perhaps a reasonable tradeoff for what papercrete can offer.
Papercut Zine Library The Papercut Zine Library is a public lending library located near Harvard Square, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in May of 2005, its collection now numbers over 7,000 volumes, mainly zines but also other independent media.
Paperfaces Paperfaces, is the fourth and final single from UK rock band Feeder's 1999 album "Yesterday Went Too Soon". The version released on the single is a re-recording from that of the album version, with a split opinion between the bands fanbase on which version is the best.
Paperinik Paperinik (also known as Duck Avenger, Superduck, PK, Superdonald and Phantom Duck) is a fictional comic book superhero, Donald Duck's alter ego. Donald originally created his superheroic identity as a means of secretly seeking revenge against relatives such as Scrooge McDuck and Gladstone Gander, but soon found himself fighting other menaces.
Paperless office The paperless office was a visionary or publicist's slogan, supposed to apply to the office of the future. The suggestion was that office automation would make paper redundant for routine tasks such as record-keeping and bookkeeping.
Papermaster In the anime and manga series Read or Die, a papermaster (also paper master, paper-master, Papermaster, and in Japanese ) is a person who has telekinetic control over paper, so much so that a person with the ability can make paper bulletproof or sharper than the sharpest sword. Parallels can be drawn between papermasters and the various Green Lantern characters in DC Comics' stories.
Papez circuit Described by James Papez in 1937, the Papez circuit of the brain is one of the major pathways of the limbic system and is chiefly involved in the cortical control of emotion. The Papez circuit plays a role in storing memory.
Paphies subtriangulata porrecta Paphies subtriangulata porrecta is one of three subspecies of the bivalve clam known as tuatua in the Māori language, a member of the family Mesodesmatidae and endemic to New Zealand. It is found only on the Chatham Islands of New Zealand, buried in fine clean sand on ocean beaches.
Paphies subtriangulata quoyii Paphies subtriangulata quoyii is one of three subspecies of the bivalve clam known as tuatua in the Māori language, a member of the family Mesodesmatidae and endemic to New Zealand. It is found on the North and South islands of New Zealand, buried in fine clean sand on ocean beaches.
Paphies subtriangulata subtriangulata Paphies subtriangulata subtriangulata is one of three subspecies of the bivalve clam known as tuatua in the Māori language, a member of the family Mesodesmatidae and endemic to New Zealand. It is found on all three of the main New Zealand islands, buried in fine clean sand on ocean beaches.
Paphies ventricosa Paphies ventricosa, or toheroa in the Māori language, is a large bivalve mollusc of the family Mesodesmatidae, endemic to New Zealand. It is found in both the North and South Islands, but the main habitat is the west coast of the North Island.
Paphiopedilum Paphiopedilum is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae) of approximately 77 species native to South China, India, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. The genus has been given its own subtribe, the Paphiopedilinae.
Paphiopedilum ooii Paphiopedilum ooii is named after Michael Ooii a slipper orchid enthusiast from Malaysia. The plant blooms in the spring to early summer with a spike that can reach up to 2 meters and produce up to 17 flowers.
Paphlagonia Paphlagonia was an ancient area on the Black Sea coast of north central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia and Pontus, and separated from Phrygia (later, Galatia) by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus. According to Strabo, the river Parthenius formed the western limit of the region, and it was bounded on the east by the Halys river.
Paphnutius The Greek name Paphnutius takes its origin in Egyptian pa-ph-nuti (the [man] of God) or (that who belongs to God). The name entered Russian as Пафнутий (for example, the famous mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev).
Paphnutius of Thebes Paphnutius of Thebes, also known as Paphnutius the Confessor, was bishop of a city in the Upper Thebaid in the early fourth century, and one of the most interesting members of the First Council of Nicaea in 325. He was a disciple of Saint Anthony the Great.
Paphos PaphosPaphos is usually written Paphos or Paphus in English, (Ancient Greek: ; Modern Greek: Πάφος, Páfos; Latin: Paphus, and for a time, Augusta; Turkish: Baf, formerly Baffa. is a coastal town in the southwest of Cyprus.
Papi fut Papi fut is a popular Central American variety of football played on specially-constructed outdoor courts also usable for regulation basketball. It is similar to FIFA football, but goals must be scored from within the goal area.
Papi Hills Papi Hills (in Andhra Pradesh, India) is a lovely place whose scenery resembles the scenery of Kashmir (North India). The beautiful scenery of Papi Hills, the waterfalls at Munivaatam, and the peaceful atmosphere at this tribal village give a pleasant look and peace to visitors, making it a special attraction for tourists.
Papiamento Papiamento or Papiamentu is the primary language spoken on the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao (the so-called ABC islands). It is also well known by people in Saba, St Eustatius, and the Sint Maarten islands.
Papias Papias (working in the 1st half of the 2nd century) was one of the early leaders of the Christian church, canonized as a saint. Eusebius calls him "Bishop of Hierapolis" (modern Pamukkale, Turkey) which is 22km from Laodicea and near Colossae (see Col.
Papier collé Papier collé (French: pasted paper) is a painting technique and type of collage. With papier collé the artist pastes pieces of flat material (paper, oil cloth and the like) into a painting in much in the same way as a collage, except the shape of the pasted pieces are objects themselves.
Papier-mâché Papier-mâché (French for 'chewed-up paper' because of its appearance), sometimes called paper-maché, is a construction material that consists of pieces of paper, sometimes reinforced with textiles, stuck together using a wet paste (e.g.
Papigko Papigko (Greek: Πάπιγκο, also transcripted as Papingo) is one of the Zagoria villages, located in the Vikos-Aoos National Park, Epirus, Greece. Papigko is a ski resort that is mainly popular with Greeks, and a popular starting point for hiking and mountaineering.
Papilio homerus The Homerus swallowtail, Papilio homerus, is the largest butterfly in the Western hemisphere. It belongs to the swallowtail family (Tribus: Papilionini) and is often placed in the Subgenus Pterourus, considered a genus by some authors.
Papilio liomedon The Malabar Banded Swallowtail (Papilio liomedon) is a beautiful member of the Swallowtail family found in southern India. Earlier considered a subspecies of the Banded Swallowtail (Papilio demolion) of South-east Asia but now considered a distinct species.
Papilio polymnestor The Blue Mormon ( Papilio polymnestor) is a beautiful butterfly found in South India belonging to the Swallowtail family. It is a delight in any garden and its striking blue, black and white markings coupled with the large wingspan make it a memorable sight.
Papilio polytes The Common Mormon Papilio polytes is a common species of swallowtail butterfly widely distributed across Asia. This butterfly is known for the mimicry displayed by the numerous forms of its females which mimic inedible Red-bodied Swallowtails, such as the Common Rose and the Crimson Rose.
Papilionoidea The superfamily Papilionoidea (from the word "papilion", meaning "butterfly") contains all the butterflies but does not include the skippers, which are classified in superfamily Hesperioidea, and the moth-like Hedyloidea.
Papillion Records Papillion Records is a record label started by Chrysalis Group (who has sold their Chrysalis Records division to EMI) in 1999 with longterm Chrysalis act Jethro Tull. Whilst Echo Records was formed to provide an outlet by new and independent developing acts, Papillion Records was set up as a competitor to such groups as Eagle Rock Entertainment and Sanctuary Records signing heritage acts - that is already long term recording artists with loyal fanbase - such as The Human League and Deacon Blue.
Papillomavirus Papillomaviruses were first identified in the early 20th century, when it was shown that skin warts, or papillomas, could be transmitted between individuals by a filterable infectious agent. In 1935 Francis Peyton Rous, who had previously demonstrated the existence of a cancer-causing sarcoma virus in chickens, went on to show that a papillomavirus could cause skin cancer in infected rabbits.
Papillon Rose is an H anime which parodies the magical girl genre, particularly Sailor Moon and Cutie Honey. Created by dojinshi group ECHIGOYA, Papillon Rose started out as a metafiction joke on a website, and the official website only had a few pictures of characters (which were usually copied from scenes in Sailor Moon, with the artwork changed) and a few lyrics to opening and ending theme songs.
Papin sisters The Papin sisters, Lea and Christine, brutally murdered their employer and her daughter in Le Mans, France, in 1933. This incident had a significant influence on many French thinkers (Genet, Sartre, Lacan) who sought to understand it.
Papist Papist is a term, usually disparaging, referring to a member of the Roman Catholic Church. It was coined during the English Reformation to indicate a Christian's loyalties were to the Pope, rather than to the native Protestant Church of England.

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