Encyclopedia

Programme for Research in Third Level Institutions The Programme for Research in Third-Level Institutions (PRTLI) is an Irish government programme that provides integrated financial support for institutional strategies, programmes and infrastructure and ensures that institutions have the capacity and incentives to formulate and implement research strategies, which will give them critical mass and world level capacity in key areas of research.
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes The Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes (PEFC) is a system that tries to ensure the sustainability of wood products. Founded in 1999 as the forest owners and forest industry's answer to the Forest Stewardship Council.
Programme For Rebuilding and IMproving Existing schools Programme For Rebuilding and IMproving Existing schools (PRIME), is a programme initiated by the Ministry of Education in 1999 to upgrade and rebuild existing school buildings in Singapore to provide a conducive learning environment for the students.
Programme level Programme level refers to the level that an audio source is transmitted or recorded at, and is important in audio if listeners to CD's, radio and television are to get the best experience, without excessive noise in quiet periods or compression of loud sounds. It is often measured using a peak programme meter or a VU meter.
Programme Towards the Elimination of the worst forms of Child Labour The Programme Towards the Elimination of the worst forms of Child Labour (TECL) is a programme on child labour and related issues that is run in all the countries of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU): Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and
Programmed cell death Programmed cell death (PCD) is the deliberate suicide of an unwanted cell in a multicellular organism. In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of cell death that results from acute tissue injury and provokes an inflammatory response, PCD is carried out in a regulated process that generally confers advantages during an organism's life cycle.
Programmed Data Processor Programmed Data Processor (abbreviated PDP) was the name of a series of computers, several of them ground-breaking and very influential, made by Digital Equipment Corporation. The name 'PDP' intentionally avoided the use of the term 'computer' because at the time of the first PDPs, computers had a reputation of being large, complicated, and expensive machines, and the venture capitalists behind Digital (esp.
Programmed evolution Programmed evolution is an evolutionary process akin to natural selection. The main difference between natural selection and programmed evolution is that natural selection relies on random environmental events to cause mutations.
Programmed input/output The programmed input/output (PIO) interface was the original method used to transfer data between the CPU (through the ATA controller) and an ATA device. The PIO interface is grouped into different modes that correspond to different transfer rates.
Programmer A programmer or software developer is someone who programs computers, that is, one who writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.
Programmer art Programmer Art refers to temporary graphics added by the software developer to test functionality. When creating the artwork speed is a priority and aesthetics are secondary, if they are given any consideration at all.
Programmer's key The Programmer's Key, or interrupt button, is a button or switch on a computer which causes an asynchronous interrupt request (IRQ) to be sent to the processor. If a debugger is installed on the machine, it is activated when the interrupt request is processed, allowing the user to view and usually modify the computer's internal memory.
Programmers Guild The Programmers Guild is an American non-profit corporation that advocates against corporate outsourcing, the H1-B visa program and related topics. The Guild was founded in 1998 by John Miano, a New Jersey programmer.
Programmers' Pink Programmers' Pink refers to the color magenta RGB(255,0,255) often used by software developers and graphic designers as that exact color is rarely found in most graphics. The pink is removed making the backdrop invisible, allowing it to be superimposed over other graphics.
Programming (music) Programming is a form of music production and performance involving using electronic devices, often computers, to create music. Used most notably in all forms of electronic music, most rap & hip-hop music, and most recently in rock music.
Programming by example Programming by Example (also known as Programming by Demonstration or more generally as Demonstrational Programming) is a technique for teaching the computer new behavior by demonstrating actions on concrete examples. The system records user actions and infers a generalized program that can be used upon new examples.
Programming by permutation Trying to approach a solution to a programming problem by iteratively making small changes (permutations) and testing each change to see if it behaves as expected is called "programming by permutation". This approach sometimes seems attractive when the programmer does not fully understand the code, and believes that one or more small modifications may result in code that is correct.
Programming Complexity The complexity of most computer programs and programming languages is one of the unsolved problems in software engineering. The current applications are complex to the extent that when programmers leave, companies fail, if those companies have no one else who understands what the programmers have done.
Programming game A programming game is a computer game where the player has no direct influence on the course of the game. Instead, a computer program or script is written in some domain-specific programming language in order to control the actions of the characters (usually robots, tanks or bacteria, which seek to destroy each other).
Programming help desk A help desk in a programming department is staffed by one or more programmers, systems analysts, or system engineers who troubleshoot problems that members of the programming department cannot solve. These problems range from program bugs to bugs in third-party software.
Programming idiom A programming idiom is a means of expressing a recurring construct in one or more programming languages. Generally speaking, a programming idiom is an expression of a simple task or algorithm that is not a built-in feature in the programming language being used, or, conversely, the use of an unusual or notable feature that is built in to a programming language.
Programming in the large In software development, programming in the large can involve programming by larger groups of people or by smaller groups over longer time periods. It tends to produce code that maintainers cannot understand without a divide-and-conquer approach.
Programming in the small In computer science terms, programming in the small deals with short-lived programmatic behavior, often executed as a single ACID transaction and which allows access to local logic and resources such as files, databases, etc.
Programming language A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages, like human languages, are defined through the use of syntactic and semantic rules, to determine structure and meaning respectively.
Programming language dialect A dialect of a programming language is a (relatively small) variation or extension of the language that does not change its intrinsic nature. With languages such as Scheme and Forth, standards may be considered insufficient, inadequate or even illegitimate by implementors, so often they will deviate from the standard, making a new dialect.
Programming language reference A programming language reference (or language reference manual) is an artifact that describes a programming language so that users and developers can understand the basic elements of and write computer programs in the target language.
Programming language theory Programming language theory (commonly known as PLT) is a branch of computer science which deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of programming languages and programming language features. It is a multi-disciplinary field, both depending on (and in some cases affecting) mathematics, software engineering, linguistics, and even the cognitive sciences.
Programming Language for Business Programming Language for Business or PL/B is a business-oriented programming language originally called DATABUS and designed by Datapoint in the early 1970s as an alternative to COBOL because its 8-bit computers could not fit COBOL into their limited memory, and because COBOL did not at the time have facilities to deal with Datapoint's built-in keyboard and screen.
Programming Ruby Programming Ruby is a book about Ruby programming language by Dave Thomas and Andrew Hunt, authors of The Pragmatic Programmer. In the Ruby community, it is commonly known as "The Pickaxe" because of the pickaxe on the cover.
Programming style Programming style refers to a set of rules or guidelines used when writing the source code for a computer program. It is often claimed that following a particular programming style will help programmers quickly read and understand source code conforming to the style as well as helping to avoid introducing faults.
Programming the Universe Programming the Universe is a popular science book written by Seth Lloyd, and first published in 2006. Giving a tour of how information has evolved from the earliest days of Man to how it is presented now, Lloyd provides an extension of the older laymans science book as he provides informaton that has been discovered recently via experiments.
Programming tool A programming tool is a program or application that software developers use to create, debug, or maintain other programs and applications. The term usually refers to relatively simple programs that can be combined together to accomplish a task, much as one might use multiple hand tools to fix a physical object.
Programs as mathematical objects John Backus argued that if computer programming is to turn more into a science (let alone an engineering discipline) and less of an art, it first has to become a truly mathematical discipline. And in order to become a mathematical discipline, he claimed, it is important to find a way to make the space of programs a mathematical space with respect to the program-forming operations (functionals) over that space, as distinguished from the space of values and the value-forming operations over it (functions).
Programs Evaluation Office With the end of World War II, Laos was no longer under the French Union but entirely sovereign and was governed by the Royal Lao Government. The Royal Lao Army was placed under the Ministry of Defense in Vientiane.
Programs, projects, and productions of the Children of God The Family International (as the group calls itself today) or The Family International Fellowship has various programs through which it operates. The main ones include Family Care Foundation (FCF), Aurora Productions AG, and Activated Ministries.
Programvareverkstedet Programvareverkstedet ("The Software Workshop"), usually called PVV, was founded at NTH in 1987, and is one of two student computer clubs at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim. Both PVV and its younger sibling NVG are member clubs of NUCC.
Prograph Prograph is a visual, object-oriented, dataflow, multiparadigm programming language that uses iconic symbols to represent actions to be taken on data. Commercial Prograph software development environments such as Prograph Classic and Prograph CPX were available for the Apple Macintosh and Windows platforms for many years but were eventually withdrawn from the market in the late 1990s.
Progress (history) The idea of progress spread during the Renaissance in early modern Europe, marking the end of the static view of history and society which characterized feudalism. Belief in progress was a dominant paradigm in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and the Industrial Revolution.
Progress (philosophy) Historical progress has been a main object of philosophy of history. However, in particular following the Holocaust, the idea and possibility of social progress, which was a main idea of the Enlightenment philosophy, has been more and more put to question.
Progress (Rx Bandits album) Progress is an album released by Rx Bandits on July 17 2001 through Drive-Thru Records. Despite the album's more pop compatible tendencies, compared to the band's previous and following efforts, it neither managed to significally chart the Billboard 200, nor to earn rave reviews among popular music press.
Progress bar A progress bar is a component in a graphical user interface used to convey the progress of a task, such as a download or file transfer. Often, the graphic is accompanied by a textual representation of the progress in a percent format.
Progress Energy Center for the Performing Arts The Progress Energy Center for the Performing Arts is the main venue for the performing arts in Raleigh, North Carolina. The naming rights are currently held by Progress Energy, which purchased them in 2005 for a 20-year term at a price of $7.
Progress Energy Park Progress Energy Park (full name Progress Energy Park, home of Al Lang Field) is a 7,227 seat baseball stadium located on the downtown St. Petersburg, Florida waterfront, it is currently the spring training facility of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays.
Progress For America Progress for America (PFA) (a 501c4) and its affiliate Progress for America Voter Fund (PFA-VF) (a 527 committee) are national tax-exempt organizations in the United States. The PFA was, from the beginning, "closely associated" with the George W.
Progress in Physics Progress in Physics is a peer-reviewed American scientific journal, registered with the United States Library of Congress. The journal is intended for publications on advanced studies in theoretical and experimental physics, including related themes from mathematics.
Progress indicator A progress indicator is an element of a command line interface, a textual user interface, or a graphical user interface that is intended to inform the user that an operation is in progress, to reassure that the system is not hung or waiting for user input, and to provide the user with an estimate of how far through a task the system has progressed.
Progress Party (Denmark) The Progress Party (Fremskridtspartiet) is a Danish political party, formed in 1973. Its founder, the former lawyer Mogens Glistrup, gained huge popularity in Denmark after he appeared on Danish television, showing that he paid 0 % in income tax.
Progress Party (Norway) The Progress Party (BokmĂĄl: Fremskrittspartiet, Nynorsk: Framstegspartiet, Norwegian abbreviation: FrP) is the second largest political party in Norway as of the 2005 parliamentary elections. A self-proclaimed liberalistic partyit is often classified in academia as a radical right-wing] [[populism|populist party.
Progress Party of Equatorial Guinea The Progress Party of Equatorial Guinea (Spanish: Partido del Progreso de Guinea Ecuatorial) is a pro-market, pro-democracy political party in Equatorial Guinea. It was founded shortly after the legalization of political parties in the early 1990s after a long period of highly authoritarian military rule.
Progress Quest Progress Quest is a Windows computer game created as a parody of EverQuest and other massively multiplayer computer role-playing games. It is loosely considered a Zero-player game, in the sense that once the player has set up his artificial character, there is no user interaction at all; the game "plays" itself, with the human player as spectator.
Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator on Palestine The Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator on Palestine is a UN official record submitted by the United Nations Mediator on Palestine to the Third Session of the General Assembly. It was written and prepared by the UN Mediator Count Folke Bernadotte and was published on September 16, 1948 one day before he was killed by members of Lehi.
Progress Software Progress Software Corporation (Nasdaq: PRGS) is an American software company which sells business application infrastructure software. Its best known product is the Progress 4GL language, which was developed in the early 1980s.
Progress toward degree The 'Progress Toward Degree' rule, commonly referred to as the 40-60-80 rule in Division I athletics, is a piece of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) legislation designed to increase retention and graduation rates of Division I student-athletes. The legislation, that took effect for first time freshmen in 2003, states that by the beginning of the student-athlete’s third year of college enrollment, they must have completed 40% of the classes required toward a specific degree.
Progress trap A Progress trap is a situation in which the inevitable negative long-term consequences of an action outweigh the gains of that action perceived as progress because it solved a problem in the short term. The term was coined by Daniel B.
Progress, Oregon Progress, Oregon is a neighborhood in Washington County, Oregon, United States. Originally an unincorporated community that stood apart from any city, most of Progress now lies within the city limits of either Tigard or Beaverton.
Progressions of Power Progressions of Power is the fourth studio album by Canadian rock band Triumph, released in 1980 (see 1980 in music). The album reached #32 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart and the single "I Can Survive" hit #91 on the Pop Singles chart of 1980.
Progressist Party The Progressist Party (Russian: Прогрессивная партия, прогрессисты) was a group of moderate Russian liberals organized in 1908; it had 28 deputies in the Third Duma and 48 in the Fourth. Its most prominent members were Ivan Nikolaevich Efremov, Alexander Konovalov, and Pavel Ryabushinsky.
Progressive Adventists Progressive Adventists are members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church who consider themselves to be theologically progressive relative to the denomination's mainstream. They typically question one or more of the church's more peculiar, or "distinctive" beliefs.
Progressive bluegrass Progressive bluegrass, also known as newgrass (a term attributed to New Grass Revival member Ebo Walker), is one of two major subgenres of bluegrass music. Progressive bluegrass came to widespread attention in the late 1960s and 1970s, as some groups began using electric instruments and importing songs from other genres (particularly rock & roll), and important musicians from that period include John Hartford, New Grass Revival, J.
Progressive Baptist Progressive Baptist is an adjective used to describe members of the Progressive National Baptist Convention or any number of Baptist groups that are progressive in their methods. Groups such as the Alliance of Baptists, Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, and many others frequently use progressive as a self-descriptive term.
Progressive Beer Duty Progressive Beer Duty is a term used to describe a beer duty system that allows smaller breweries to pay less tax on their products. The idea originates from Bavaria where such a system has underpinned the brewing industry and helped support local production.
Progressive Bloc The Progressive Bloc (Spanish: Bloque Progresista) is an electoral alliance in the Dominican Republic. The alliance is led by the Dominican Liberation Party and gained an absolute majority in the 16 May 2006 legislative election.
Progressive Bloggers Progressive Bloggers is the name of an affiated group of Canadian bloggers who come from the centre, centre-left and left-wing of the political spectrum. Progressive Bloggers primarily maintain their own blogs, whose content is then aggregated on the main Progressive Bloggers website.
Progressive Broadcasting System The Progressive Broadcasting System was a short-lived radio network of the early 1950s. The company had hoped to affiliate with around 1,000 radio stations in the United States which did not already have affiliation agreements with the five national radio networks of those days: NBC, CBS, ABC, MBS, and Liberty Broadcasting System.
Progressive cavity pump A progressive cavity pump, also known as a progressing cavity pump or eccentric screw pump, is a kind of pump which transfers fluid by means of a sequence of small, fixed shape, discrete cavities, that move through the pump as its rotor turns. This leads to the volumetric flow rate being proportional to the rotation rate ( bidirectionally ) and to low levels of shearing being applied to the pumped fluid.
Progressive country Progressive country is a subgenre of country music started in the late 60s which preceded and led to Outlaw country though it eventually became alternative country in the 1980s. The genre was inspired by the Bakersfield sound, honky-tonk, and rock and roll.
Progressive creationism Progressive creationism is a form of Old Earth creationism that accepts mainstream cosmological estimates for the age of the Earth but posits that the new "kinds" of plants and animals that have appeared successively over planet's history represent an instance of God directly intervening to create those new types by means outside the realm of naturalistic science. In contrast, theistic evolution holds that natural, evolutionary mechanisms were guided by God.
Progressive Citizens' Party The Progressive Citizens' Party (German: Fortschrittliche BĂĽrgerpartei in Liechtenstein) is a political party in Liechtenstein. It is the largest party in the Landtag of Liechtenstein, with 12 of 25 seats, and the head of government, Otmar Hasler comes from the party.
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta is a provincial right-of-centre party in the Canadian province of Alberta. The party has formed the provincial government, without interruption, since 1971 under premiers Peter Lougheed (1971-1985), Don Getty (1985-1992), Ralph Klein (1992-2006) and Ed Stelmach (2006-present).
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, registered under the Nova Scotia Elections Act as the "Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia", is a moderate right-of-centre political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.
Progressive Conservative candidates, 1953 Manitoba provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba ran 38 candidates in the 1953 provincial election, under the leadership of Errick Willis. Twelve of these candidates were elected, and the Progressive Conservatives formed the official opposition in the legislature.
Progressive Conservative candidates, 1977 Ontario provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ran a full slate of candidates in the 1977 Ontario provincial election, and won a minority government under the leadership of William Davis. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information on others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative candidates, 1990 Manitoba provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba won a majority government in the 1990 provincial election. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative candidates, 1995 Manitoba provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of 57 candidates in the 1995 provincial election. Thirty-one of these candidates were elected, giving the party its second consecutive majority government.
Progressive Conservative candidates, 2003 Manitoba provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of candidates in the 2003 provincial election, and won 20 seats out of 57 to form the Official Opposition. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative leadership convention, 1967 The 1967 Progressive Conservative leadership convention was held to choose a leader for the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. The convention was held at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 4th and 9th, 1967.
Progressive Conservative leadership convention, 1976 The 1976 leadership convention of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada was held in Ottawa on February 22 1976, to elect a leader to replace Robert Stanfield, who had resigned after losing the 1968, 1972, and 1974 elections. It unexpectedly elected a 36-year-old, little-known PC Member of Parliament from Alberta as the party's new leader.
Progressive Conservative leadership convention, 1983 The 1983 Progressive Conservative leadership convention was held on June 11 1983 in Ottawa, Ontario to elect a leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. The convention became necessary when Joe Clark, who had been leader of the party since the party's 1976 leadership convention, resigned in the face of only 66.
Progressive Conservative leadership convention, 2003 The 2003 Progressive Conservative leadership convention was held on May 31, 2003 to elect a leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. Peter MacKay was elected as leader to replace former Prime Minister Joe Clark who had retired as party leader.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1975 Ontario provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ran a full slate of candidates in the 1975 provincial election, and won 51 of 125 seats to form a minority government. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1977 Manitoba provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba won a majority government in the 1977 provincial election, winning thirty-three of fifty-seven seats. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1980 Canadian federal election The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada fielded a full slate of candidates in the 1980 federal election, and won 103 seats to form the Official Opposition in the Canadian House of Commons. The party had previously formed a minority government after winning a plurality of seats in the 1979 election.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1981 Ontario provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ran a full slate of candidates in the 1981 provincial election, and won a majority government with 70 out of 125 seats. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1985 Ontario provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ran a full slate of candidates in the 1985 provincial election, and won 52 seats out of 130 to win a minority government. They were defeated in the legislature shortly after the election.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1987 Ontario provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ran a full slate of candidates in the 1987 Ontario provincial election, and elected 16 out of 130 candidates to become the third-largest party in the legislature. Some of these candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1990 Ontario provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ran a full slate of candidates in the 1990 provincial election, and won 20 out of 130 seats to become the third-largest party in the legislature. Some of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1993 Canadian federal election The governing Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ran a full slate of 298 candidates in the 1993 federal election, and lost official party status in the Canadian House of Commons by winning only two seats. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1995 Ontario provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario fielded a full slate of candidates in the 1995 Ontario provincial election, and won a majority government with 82 out of 130 seats. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1997 Canadian federal election The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ran a full slate of candidates in the 1997 federal election, and won 20 seats out of 301 to emerge as the fifth largest party in the Canadian House of Commons. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 1999 Ontario provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ran a full slate of candidates in the 1999 provincial election, and elected 59 members in 103 constituencies to win a majority government. Many of these candidates have their own biography pages; information on others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 2000 Canadian federal election The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada elected twelve candidates in the 2000 federal election, and emerged as the fifth-largest party in the Canadian House of Commons. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 2003 Manitoba provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of 57 candidates in the 2003 provincial election, and won 20 seats to remain as the Official Opposition party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.
Progressive Conservative Party candidates, 2003 Ontario provincial election The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario is a political party in Ontario, Canada. It governed the province from 1943 to 1985 and from 1995 to 2003, and currently forms the Official Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) (French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) (1867–2003) was a Canadian centre-right conservative political party. While the national party officially dissolved in 2003, several members of the Senate of Canada continued to sit as members of the Progressive Conservative caucus, and the conservative parties in most Canadian provinces still use the Progressive Conservative name.
Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick The Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick is a right-of-centre political party in New Brunswick, Canada. It has its origins in the pre-Canadian confederation Conservative Party that opposed the granting of responsible government to the colony.
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, more commonly known as the Ontario PC Party, is a right-of-centre political party in Ontario, Canada. The party was known for many years as "Ontario's natural governing party.
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership convention, 1914 A Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership convention was held in 1914 to replace retiring Progressive Conservative leader and incumbent premier Sir James Whitney. The party selected Sir William Hearst.
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership convention, 1930 A Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership convention was held in 1930 to replace retiring Progressive Conservative leader and incumbent premier George Howard Ferguson. The party selected George Stewart Henry.
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership convention, 1949 A Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership convention was held on April 27, 1949 to replace retiring Progressive Conservative leader and incumbent premier Thomas Laird Kennedy. The party selected Leslie Frost.
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership convention, 1961 A Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership convention was held on October 25, 1961 to replace retiring Progressive Conservative leader and incumbent premier Leslie Frost. The party selected John Robarts.

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