Encyclopedia

PRONOM technical registry PRONOM is a web-based technical registry to support digital preservation services, developed by The National Archives of the United Kingdom. PRONOM was the first and remains, to date, the only operational public file format registry in the world.
PROPE PROPE (pronounced: pro-pe) is an independent game development studio founded by former Sega designer Yuji Naka. The company is partially funded by Sega as part of a "support program for Independent Game Creators".
PROTECT PROTECT, or The National Association to Protect Children, is a grassroots political lobby established in 2002 and dedicated to the protection of children from abuse, exploitation and neglect. It is a nonprofit, 501(c)(4) membership association with members in every U.
PRPS PRPS jeans are created by Akademiks, a New York-based clothing company founded in partnership by a former top Nike designer, Donwan Harrell. Donwan, being a denim fanatic, began the PRPS project, which is one of Donwan's biggest projects.
PRR B6 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class B6 was its most successful class of switcher, or as the PRR termed them, "shifter". The PRR preferred the 0-6-0 wheel arrangement for larger switchers, whereas on other roads the 0-8-0 gained preference.
PRR DD1 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class DD1 were semi-permanently coupled pairs of third rail direct current electric locomotives built for the railroad's initial New York-area electrification. They operated between Manhattan Transfer and Pennsylvania Station in New York City, and from there to the coach yards at Sunnyside Yard in Queens, New York.
PRR DD2 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class DD2 electric locomotive was a single prototype locomotive never placed into series production. It was intended as an improved and simplified GG1 for use on the planned, but never built, extension of the PRR's electrification west of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
PRR E3b Pennsylvania Railroad class E3b comprised a pair of experimental Bo-Bo-Bo (UIC) or B-B-B (AAR) electric locomotives. The bodywork and running gear was produced by Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton while the electrical equipment was provided by Westinghouse.
PRR E3c Pennsylvania Railroad class E3c comprised a pair of experimental Co-Co (UIC) or C-C (AAR) electric locomotives. The bodywork and running gear was produced by Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton while the electrical equipment was provided by Westinghouse.
PRR FF1 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class FF1 of electric locomotive comprised a single prototype, numbered #3931 and nicknamed "Big Liz" by its crews. It was built in 1917 for the task of hauling freight trains across the Allegheny Mountains, which the PRR planned to electrify; this was never accomplished.
PRR FF2 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class FF2 electric locomotives comprised eight boxcab units purchased from the Great Northern Railway in 1956 following the GN's dismantling of its Cascade Tunnel electrification. Their GN classifications were Y1 and Y1a.
PRR H8 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class H8, H9s and H10s steam locomotives were of the 2-8-0 "Consolidation" type, the last three classes of such built by the railroad. The three classes differed only in cylinder diameter and thus tractive effort, each subsequent class increasing that measurement by an inch.
PRR I1s The Pennsylvania Railroad's class I1s steam locomotives were the largest class of 2-10-0 "Decapods" built in the United States, with 598 built 1916–1923 (Altoona: 123, Baldwin: 475). These locomotives were the premier freight locomotive type on the system until World War II, and they remained in service until the end of PRR steam in 1957.
PRR K4s The Pennsylvania Railroad's K4s 4-6-2 "Pacific" (425 built 1914–1928, PRR Altoona, Baldwin) was their premier passenger-hauling steam locomotive from 1914 through the end of steam on the PRR in 1957.
PRR K5 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class K5 was an experimental 4-6-2 "Pacific" type, built in 1929 to see if a larger Pacific than the standard K4s was worthwhile. Two prototypes were built, #5698 at the PRR's own Altoona Works, and #5699 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works.
PRR L5 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class L5 were the railroad's second generation of production electric locomotives after the DD1, and the last to use a jackshaft and side rods to drive the wheels. The L5 was a single-unit locomotive instead of the twin-unit DD1.
PRR L6 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class L6 comprised two electric locomotives of 2-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation. The intention was to build a whole class of freight boxcab locomotives using this design, but the displacement of class P5a to freight work after the success of the GG1 meant that there was little need for more electric freight locomotives.
PRR M1 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class M1 steam locomotives were a class of heavy mixed-traffic locomotives of the 4-8-2 "Mountain" arrangement, which uses four pairs of driving wheels with a four-wheel guiding truck in front for stability at speed and a two-wheel trailing truck to support the large firebox needed for sustained power. Although built for both passenger and freight work, they spent most of their service lives hauling heavy high-speed freight trains.
PRR N1s The Pennsylvania Railroad's N1s was a class of steam locomotive built for Lines West. They were of 2-10-2 "Santa Fe" wheel arrangement, ten driving wheels with a two-wheel leading truck and a two-wheel cast KW-pattern trailing truck under a giant firebox.
PRR N2sa The Pennsylvania Railroad's class N2sa comprised rebuilds to PRR practise of the 130 USRA Heavy Santa Fe steam locomotives the railroad received under the auspices of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized central control of the nation's railroads during World War I. These locomotives, as received, were classified N2s.
PRR Odd D 10003 Pennsylvania Railroad's Odd D #10003 was an experimental electric locomotive built in 1907 of 4-4-0 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2-B in the AAR scheme. On the PRR, class D was assigned to 4-4-0 locomotives.
PRR P5 The Pennsylvania Railroad's P5 class locomotives were a set of mixed-traffic electric locomotives. Although the original intention was that they work many passenger trains, the success of the GG1 locomotives meant that the P5 class were mostly used on freight.
PRR Q1 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class Q1 comprised a single experimental steam locomotive for freight service, #6130, built in March 1942. A duplex locomotive, it had a wheel arrangement of 4-6-4-4, comprising a four-wheel leading truck, two sets of four and six driving wheels mounted in a rigid locomotive frame, and a four-wheel trailing truck.
PRR Q2 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class Q2, using the same boiler from the PRR Class "J1", comprised one prototype and twenty-five production duplex steam locomotives of 4-4-6-4 wheel arrangement. They were the largest non-articulated locomotives ever built and the most powerful locomotives ever static tested, producing 7,987 hp (5,956 kW) on the PRR's static test plant.
PRR R1 R1 was a prototype of electric locomotive built for Pennsylvania Railroad railways of the United States. It had a 4-8-4 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, 2-D-2 in the AAR standards and 2'Do2' in the UIC classification.
PRR S1 The Pennsylvania Railroad's class S1 comprised a single steam locomotive of 6-4-4-6 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, the only locomotive of such arrangement ever constructed. The S1 was a duplex locomotive: it had two pairs of cylinders, each driving two pairs of driving wheels, but its driven wheelbase was rigid, unlike similar-looking articulated locomotive designs.
PRV engine The PRV engine is an automobile petrol V6 engine that was developed jointly by Peugeot, Renault and Volvo Cars and sold from 1974 to 1998. It was gradually replaced after 1994 by another joint PSA-Renault design known as the ES engine at PSA and the L engine at Renault.
Ps-audio PS-Audio is an American company specializing in the creation of Hi-Fi audio components, also known as high end audio equipment for audiophiles. The company has switched owners during the 1990s, and is currently focusing on the production of hi-end power amplifiers, power related products, preamplifiers and cables.
Psalm 100 Psalm 100 (Greek numbering: Psalm 99) is part of the biblical Book of Psalms. It may be used as a canticle in the Anglican liturgy of Morning Prayer, when it is referred to by its incipit as the Jubilate or Jubilate Deo.
Psalm 119 Psalm 119 (Greek numbering: Psalm 118) is the longest psalm as well as the longest chapter in the Bible. It is referred to in Hebrew by its opening words, "Ashrei temimei derech" ("happy are those whose way is perfect").
Psalm 151 Psalm 151 is the name given to a short psalm which is found in most copies of the Septuagint (an old translation of the Bible into Greek) but not in the Masoretic Hebrew text. The title given to this psalm in the Septuagint (This Psalm is ascribed to David and is outside the number.
Psalm 23 Psalm 23 (Greek numbering: Psalm 22), sometimes known as the Shepherd Psalm because of its opening line, "The Lord is my shepherd", is perhaps the best-known psalm, and perhaps the best-known chapter in the Hebrew Bible.
Psalm 67 Psalm 67 (Greek numbering: Psalm 66) is part of the biblical Book of Psalms. It may be recited as a canticle in the Anglican liturgy of Evening Prayer according to the Book of Common Prayer as an alternative to the Nunc dimittis, when it is referred to by its incipit as the Deus misereatur (also A Song of God's Blessing).
Psalm 91 Psalm 91 (Greek numbering: Psalm 90), referred to by its Latin title Qui habitat (after its first line, "Whoso dwelleth under the defence of the Most High"), is known as the Psalm of Protection, and it is often sung or recited during services of Compline. It is also used in the prayers of the Sixth Hour in Eastern Orthodoxy.
Psalm 95 Psalm 95 (Greek numbering: Psalm 94) is part of the biblical Book of Psalms. It may be sung as a canticle in the Anglican liturgy of Morning Prayer, when it is referred to by its incipit as the Venite or Venite, exultemus Domino (also A Song of Triumph).
Psalm 98 Psalm 98 (Greek numbering: Psalm 97) is part of the biblical Book of Psalms. It may be recited as a canticle in the Anglican liturgy of Evening Prayer according to the Book of Common Prayer as an alternative to the Magnificat, when it is referred to by its incipit as the Cantate Domino.
Psalms Psalms (from the Greek: Psalmoi ("songs sung to a harp", originally from psallein "play on a stringed instrument"), Ψαλμοί; Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים) is a book of the Hebrew Bible, Tanakh or Old Testament.
Psalms of Solomon The Psalms of Solomon are a group of eighteen psalms (religious songs or poems) that are not part of any scriptural canon. They are distinct from, but may be modeled after or derived from the Book of Psalms of the Jewish and Christian Bibles, which are traditionally attributed to David rather than Solomon.
Psalterium Georgii Psalterium Georgii (also Harpa Georgii) (Latin for George's harp) was a constellation created by Maximilian Hell in 1781 to honor George II of Great Britain. It was created from parts of Eridanus and was located next to constellations Taurus and Cetus.
Psametik III Ankhkaenre Psammetichus III (Psamtik III) was the last Pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt from 526 BC–525 BC. He was defeated by King Cambyses II of Persia at Pelusium, carried to Susa in chains, and executed.
Psamment In USDA soil taxonomy, a Psamment is defined as an Entisol which consists basically of unconsolidated sand deposits, often found in shifting sand dunes but also in areas of very coarse-textured parent material subject to millions of years of weathering. This latter case is characteristic of the Guiana Highlands of northern South America.
Psammuthes Psammuthes was an Egyptian Pharaoh of the Twenty-ninth dynasty during 393 BC. Upon the death of Nepherites I, two rival factions fought for the throne: one behind Muthis son of Nefaarud, and the other supporting Psammuthes; although Psammuthes was successful, he only managed to reign for a year.
Psapp Psapp (pronounced sap) is an experimental electronica band. The band, a duo consisting of members Carim Clasmann and Galia Durant, are sometimes credited with inventing a musical style known as toytronica, a form of electronica made with toys and toy instruments (the band uses toy guitars, flutes, and a chicken they named Brunhilda).
Psara Psara (Greek: Ψαρά) is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea. It lies 44 nautical miles north-west of Khios as well as 22 km (about 13 nmi) from the northwestern point of the island of Khios and 150 km (about 75 nmi)ENE of Athens.
Psari (Ilia), Greece Psari (Greek: Ψάρι meaning fish in Modern Greek), older forms: Psario and Psarion is a Greek settlement located 3 km southeast of the municipal seat of Vouprasia, Varda. Psari is also a part of the Varda municipal district.
Psathi (Arcadia), Greece Psathi (Greek: Ψαθί) is a village that is partially surrounded by forests in the southwestern part of the municipality of and a quarter of Megalopoli and in the southwestern part of the prefecture of Arcadia. It used to be a community.
Psathyrellaceae The Psathyrellaceae is a family of agarics formerly known as the Coprinaceae. (The name change took place because the type species of Coprinus was found to belong to the Agaricaceae, splitting the genus Coprinus and rendering the family name "Coprinaceae" invalid.
Psc (British Army) psc were the initials which appeared in the service lists denoting that a British Army officer had attended the Staff College, Camberley. Since the 1997 amalgamation of staff training officers now receive the letters psc(j) from the Joint Services Command and Staff College.
Pseira The minute, barren cliff-bound coastal island of Pseira (modern Gk. Psira) in the Gulf of Mirabella in northeastern Crete is a Minoan site that was explored in 1906–07 by Richard Seager and partially documented by Halvor Bagge in ink and watercolors based on photographs (University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1910), and more minutely examined in 1984–92 by Philip P.
Psephology Psephology is the statistical study of elections. Psephology uses compilations of precinct voting returns for elections going back some years, public opinion polls, campaign finance information and similar statistical data.
Pseudechis The genus Pseudechis contains the group of elapids commonly referred to as the Black Snakes. These snakes are found in every Australian state with the exception of Tasmania and some species are found in Papua New Guinea.
Pseudemys Pseudemys is a genus of pond turtles also known as Cooter Turtles, especially in the state of Florida. (The word "cooter" may be used to refer to snapping turtles of the Chelydridae family elsewhere in the southeastern United States.
Pseudemys texana The Texas River Cooter (Pseudemys texana) is a species of freshwater turtle native to creeks, rivers, and lakes of the US state of Texas. They are found in the river basins of the Colorado, Brazos, Guadalupe, and San Antonio Rivers.
Pseudepigraphy Pseudepigrapha, from Greek pseudes = "false", "epigraphe" = "inscription"— see Epigraphy— are falsely attributed works, texts whose claimed authorship is unfounded. For instance, few Hebrew scholars would insist that the Song of Solomon was actually written by the king of Israel or ascribe the Book of Enoch to the prophet Enoch, and not all Christian scholars would insist today that the Third Epistle of John was written by John the Evangelist, or that the Second Epistle of Peter was written by Saint Peter.
Pseudevernia furfuracea Psuedevernia furfuracea (tree moss) is a lichen that grows on the bark of firs and pines. The lichen is rather sensitive to air pollution, its presence usually indicating the good air conditions in the growing place.
Pseudis paradoxa The Paradoxical Frog (Pseudis paradoxa), sometimes called the shrinking frog is so named because it grows into a very large—25 cm (10 in) long—tadpole (typical of the Pseudis genus), which in turn becomes an ordinary-sized frog, only about a quarter of its former length.
Pseudo Interactive Pseudo Interactive is a games developer company which is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and was started in 1995 by David Wu, Rich Hilmer and Daniel Posner. As of 2006, the company now has over fifty employees.
Pseudo naĂŻve art Whereas naĂŻve art, ideally, describes the work of an artist who was not formally trained in an art school or underwent a formal art education, see Henri Rousseau, Alfred Wallis; 'pseudo naĂŻve' or 'faux naĂŻve' art describes the work of an artist working in a more imitative or self-conscious mode and whose work can be seen as more imitative than original.
Pseudo terminal In Unix, a pseudo terminal is a pseudo-device pair that provides a text terminal interface without associated virtual console, computer terminal or serial port hardware. Instead, a process replaces the role of the underlying hardware for the pseudo terminal session.
Pseudo-3D Pseudo-3D is a term that means that a computer system, usually a video game, uses 2D computer graphics to visually simulate 3D computer graphics. While a 2D game usually allows movement only vertically and horizontally, a pseudo-3D game most often gives depth as a third dimension of acting.
Pseudo-acronym A pseudo-acronym (or empty acronymis an apparent acronym] or other [[abbreviation which doesn't stand for anything, or cannot be officially expanded to some meaning. An orphan acronym is a pseudo-acronym that was once a true acronym or initialism.
Pseudo-arc In point-set topology, the pseudo-arc is the simplest nondegenerate hereditarily indecomposable continuum. The following definitions are, with slight modifications, due to Wayne Lewis (see the references section below).
Pseudo-Anglicism Pseudo-Anglicisms are words in languages other than English which were borrowed from English but are used in a way native English speakers would not readily recognize or understand. Pseudo-Anglicisms often take the form of portmanteaux, combining elements of multiple English words to create a new word that appears to be English but is unrecognisable to a native speaker.
Pseudo-Anosov map In mathematics, specifically in topology, a pseudo-Anosov map is a type of homeomorphism of a surface to itself. William Thurston coined the term when he provided his classification of homeomorphisms of a surface.
Pseudo-differential operator In mathematical analysis a pseudo-differential operator is an extension of the concept of differential operator. Pseudo-differential operators are used extensively in the theory of partial differential equations and quantum field theory.
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, also known as pseudo-Denys, refers to the anonymous theologian and philosopher of the 5th century whose Corpus Areopagiticum was falsely ascribed to Dionysius the Areopagite of . The author was historically believed to be the Areopagite because he claimed acquaintance with biblical characters.
Pseudo-event A pseudo-event is an event or activity that exists for the sole purpose of garnering media publicity and serves little to no other function in real life. Since nothing meaningful actually occurs at the event itself, pseudo-events are considered “real” only after they are viewed through news, advertisements, television, or other types of media.
Pseudo-Geber Pseudo-Geber ("false Geber") is the name assigned by modern scholars to an anonymous alchemist born in the 14th century, probably in Spain. He wrote a few books on alchemy and metallurgy, in Latin, under the pen name of Geber (Jabir Ibn Haiyan), the 8th century Islamic alchemist with the same name.
Pseudo-Goldstone boson Pseudo-Goldstone bosons arise in a quantum field theory with an approximate symmetry such that if the symmetry were exact, then there would be spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and the consequent formation of Goldstone bosons. The properties of these pseudo-Goldstone bosons can often be found by an expansion around the symmetric theory in terms of the explicit symmetry breaking parameter.
Pseudo-homosexuality Pseudo-homosexuality (pseudohomosexuality) refers to homosexual anxieties, fantasies, or behavior, exhibited by people who self-identify as heterosexual or who have an opposite-sex sexual orientation (spontaneous attraction). Where actual sex is sought as a result, pseudo-homosexuality is putatively distinguished from homosexuality in that it may not reflect a desire based on sexual orientation or honest curiosity.
Pseudo-Isidore Pseudo-Isidore is the pseudonym given to the scholar or group of scholars responsible for the most extensive and influential set of forgeries found in medieval Canon law. The works, produced during the mid-ninth century in north-eastern France, have been universally recognized as a set of forgeries by both Roman Catholic and Protestant scholars for well over a century.
Pseudo-LRU Pseudo-LRU (also known as Tree-LRU, LRU meaning least recently used) is an efficient algorithm to find an item that most likely has not been accessed very recently, given a set of items and a sequence of access events to the items. This technique is used in the cache of the Intel 486 and in the L1 cache of the Apple G4.
Pseudo-polynomial time In computational complexity theory, a numeric algorithm runs in pseudo-polynomial time if its running time is polynomial in the numeric value of the input (which is exponential in the length of the input -- its number of digits).
Pseudo-Philo Pseudo-Philo is the name commonly used for a Jewish pseudepigraphical work in Latin, so called because it was transmitted along with Latin translations of the works of Philo of Alexandria but is very obviously not written by Philo. Its more proper Latin title is Liber Antinquitatum Biblicarum, a title generally rendered in English as the Book of Biblical Antiquities.
Pseudo-Phocylides Pseudo-Phocylides is an apocryphal work claiming to have been written by Phocylides, a Greek philosopher of the 6th century. The text is noticeably Jewish, and depends on the Septuagint, although it does not make direct references to either the Hebrew Bible or Judaism.
Pseudo-secularism Pseudo-secularism is the state of implicit non-secular trends in the face of pledged secularism. The term is used by groups who perceive a double standard exhibited within the established secular governing policy towards culturally different groups.
Pseudo-spectral method Pseudo-spectral methods are a class of numerical methods used in applied mathematics and scientific computing for the solution of PDEs, such as the direct simulation of a particle with an arbitrary wavefunction interacting with an arbitrary potential. They are related to spectral methods and are used extensively in computational fluid dynamics and other areas, but are demonstrated below on an example from quantum physics.
Pseudo-squeeze Pseudo-squeeze is an "ingenuine" type of squeeze in contract bridge, where the declarer goes through the motions of a squeeze where none actually exists – simulating a genuine squeeze in the hope that a defender gets the position wrong.
Pseudo-Scymnus Pseudo-Scymnus is the name given by Augustus Meineke to the unknown author of a work on geography written in Classical Greek, The Circumnavigation of the Earth, an anonymous verse periegesis first published at Augsburg in 1600. It was originally ascribed to Marcianus of Heraclea, then to Scymnus of Chios, until this was disproven by Meineke (edition, 1846).
Pseudo-translation Pseudo-translation is a technique used in software localization. In contrast to the usual translation process it is the process of creating text that mimics a foreign language without the goal to express the source text meaning in the target language.
Pseudo-wire In computer networking and telecommunications, a Pseudowire (PW) is an emulation of a native service over a Packet Switched Network (PSN). The native service may be ATM, Frame Relay, Ethernet, low-rate TDM, or SONET/SDH, while the PSN may be MPLS, IP (either IPv4 or IPv6), or L2TPv3.
Pseudoaneurysm A pseudoaneurysm, also known as a false aneurysm, is an outpouching of a blood vessel, involving a defect in the 2 innermost layer (tunica intima and media) with continuity of the outermost layer (adventia). Alternatively, all three layers are damaged and the bleeding is contained by a blood clot or surrounding structures.
Pseudoathetosis Pseudoathetosis is abnormal writhing movements, usually of the fingers, caused by a failure of joint position sense (proprioception). When the eyes are open, visual feedback can substitute for proprioception: therefore pseudoathetosis appears only when the eyes are closed, and disappears when they are opened.
Pseudoboa neuwiedii Pseudoboa neuwiedii, the Ratonel is a snake found in northern South America and Trinidad and Tobago. Growing to a maximum size of 1 m, this snake is a powerful constrictor which feeds on any animal it can capture and subdue.
Pseudocertainty effect The pseudocertainty effect is a concept from prospect theory. It refers to people's tendency to make risk-averse choices if the expected outcome is positive, but make risk-seeking choices to avoid negative outcomes.
Pseudocode Pseudocode (derived from pseudo and code) is a compact and informal high-level description of a computer programming algorithm that uses the structural conventions of programming languages, but omits detailed subroutines, variable declarations or language-specific syntax. The programming language is augmented with natural language descriptions of the details, where convenient.
Pseudoconvexity In mathematics, more precisely in the theory of functions of several complex variables, a pseudoconvex set is a special type of open set in the n-dimensional complex space Cn. Pseudoconvex sets are important, as they allow for classification of domains of holomorphy.
Pseudocydonia Pseudocydonia sinensis (Chinese Quince), the only species in the genus Pseudocydonia, is a deciduous or semi-evergreen tree in the family Rosaceae, native to eastern Asia in China. It is closely related to the European genus Cydonia and the east Asian genus Chaenomeles, but differing from the former in the serrated leaves, and from the latter in lacking thorns, and in the flowers being produced singly, not in clusters.
Pseudocyesis Pseudocyesis also known as false pregnancy, can cause many of the signs and symptoms associated with pregnancy, and can resemble the condition in every way except for fetal presence. Other names include - spurious pregnancy, feigned pregnancy, imaginary pregnancy, hysterical pregnancy, wind in the bowels, phantom pregnancy and grossesse nerveuse ("mental pregnancy").
Pseudodiploid Pseudodiploid (also called "pseudoploid") refers to one of the essential components in viral reproduction. It means having two RNA genome per virion but giving rise to only one DNA copy in infected cells.
Pseudodoxia Epidemica Sir Thomas Browne's vast work refuting the common errors and superstitions of his age, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, first appeared in 1646 and went through five subsequent editions, the last revision occurring in 1672. Also known as Vulgar Errors, derived from its full title, Pseudodoxia Epidemica or Enquries into very many received tenets and commonly presumed truths, Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica contains evidence of his adherence to the Baconian method of empirical observation of nature and her properties.
Pseudoelasticity Pseudoelasticity, or sometimes called super elasticity, is an elastic (impermanent) response to relatively high stress caused by a phase transformation between the austenitic and martensitic phases of a crystal. It is exhibited in Shape memory alloys.
Pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine (commonly abbreviated as PSE) is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a decongestant. The salts pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine sulfate are found in many over-the-counter preparations either as single-ingredient preparations, or more commonly in combination with antihistamines, paracetamol and/or ibuprofen.
Pseudoextinction Pseudoextinction of a species occurs where there are no more living members of that species, but members of a daughter species or subspecies remain alive. As all species must have an ancestor of a previous species, much of evolution is believed to occur through pseudoextinction.
Pseudofossil Pseudofossils are inorganic objects, markings, or impressions that might be mistaken for fossils. Pseudofossils may be misleading, as some types of mineral deposits can mimic lifeforms by forming what appear to be highly detailed or organized structures.
Pseudogap A pseudogap is a term from the field of high-temperature superconductivity which describes an energy (normally near the Fermi energy) which has very few states associated with it. This is very similar to a 'gap', which is an energy that has no allowed states.
Pseudogroup In mathematics, a pseudogroup is an extension of the group concept, but one that grew out of the geometric approach of Sophus Lie, rather than out of abstract algebra (such as quasigroup, for example). A theory of pseudogroups was developed by Élie Cartan around 1920.
Pseudoholomorphic curve In mathematics, specifically in topology and geometry, a pseudoholomorphic curve is a smooth map from a Riemann surface into an almost complex manifold that satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equation. Introduced in 1985 by Mikhail Gromov, pseudoholomorphic curves have since revolutionized the study of symplectic manifolds.
Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (common names include toothed jelly fungus, false hedgehog mushroom and white jelly mushroom) is an edible mushroom, which is common from Alaska to northern California. Although bland, it can be candied or marinated.
Pseudohyperaldosteronism Pseudohyperaldosteronism or Liddle's syndrome is a condition caused by the chronic excessive ingestion of licorice. Licorice inhibits the 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (Protein:HSD11B2) enzyme resulting in inappropriate stimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor by cortisol.

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