Encyclopedia

Paid in capital Paid in capital, also called contributed capital, refers to the capital contributed to a corporation by investors on top of the par value of capital stock. In other words, the money that a company gets from potential investors in addition to the stated value of the stock.
Paid inclusion Paid inclusion is a search engine marketing product where the search engine company charges fees related to inclusion of websites in their search index. Paid inclusion products are provided by most search engine companies, the most notable exception being Google.
Paid survey A paid survey is a type of online statistical survey where the participant is rewarded through an incentive program. A paid survey is used to collect quantitative information about the participant’s personal and economic habits.
PaidByCash PaidByCash is a cash payment system for Internet retailers allowing them to easily accept cash payment from their e-commerce customers. PaidByCash was started in 2005 and is owned and operated by Retail Expansion Network, Inc.
Paideia Proposal The Paideia Proposal was a K-12 educational reform plan developed by Mortimer Adler. The description that follows is drawn from the article Reconstituting the Schools, in the 1988 edition of his book Reforming Education, The Opening of the American Mind, originally published in 1977.
Paidushko horo Paidushko horo (Bulgarian Пайдушко хоро) is a quick Bulgarian folk dance in 5 beats divided 2+3 ("quick-slow"). Like many other Bulgarian folk dances, each region or village has its own version of the dance.
Paier College of Art The Paier College of Art is a private 4-year art school in Hamden, Connecticut, on the outskirts of the greater New Haven area. Formerly the Paier School of Art, the institution's current name and form date from 1982 when it received a charter and accreditation for offering a 4-year Bachelor of Fine Arts degree.
Paifang Páifāng or Paifong (Chinese: 牌坊), also called Páilóu (牌樓), is a traditional Chinese architectural form like an archway. Originally the Paifang served as a marker for the entrance of a building complex or a town; but by the Song Dynasty it had evolved into a purely decorative monument.
Paigah The senior Hyderabad State aristocracy - known as the Paigah nobles - tended to be richer than the average Indian Maharajah, and each maintained their own court, their own extraordinary palaces, and their own three or four thousand strong private army.
Paige Paige, a given name which is current in recent use as a girls name, but had some use as a boys name from a French surname, means "young helper", similar to the English word "page" or "pageboy". Paige is also a Celtic name meaning 'child'.
Paige Bernhardt Paige Bernhardt is a television writer and producer, playwright and film maker based in Los Angeles. Her work has appeared on various primetime network comedies including Two Guys and a Girl, Yes, Dear, What about Joan with Joan Cusack.
Paige Davis Mindy Paige Davis (born October 15, 1969 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American actress and theater arts performer living in Manhattan. She graduated from the Meadows School of the Arts at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas.
Paige Patterson Paige Patterson (* 1942; † ) is a Southern Baptist theologian who was president of the Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary in Wake Forest, North Carolina (1992-2003), and is currently the eighth president of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Fort Worth, Texas.
Paige Summers Paige Summers (born Nancy Coursey July 21, 1976 in Lorain, Ohio, USA, died September, 2003) was an American adult model and a porn star. She moved with her family to Morganton, North Carolina and graduated from Freedom High School where her senior superlative was "Barbie Look-Alike".
Paige Turco Paige Turco (born May 17, 1965 in Springfield, Massachusetts) is an American actress. She is probably best known for playing April O'Neil in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III.
Paige White Paige White (born December 31, 1969) is an American bondage model and fetish photographer based in San Francisco. She has been a finalist for the SIGNY Bondage Award as a model, placing 4th in 2000 and 6th in 2001.
Paige Young Paige Young (born 16 March 1944 in Los Angeles, California — died 13 July 1974 in Los Angeles) was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for its November 1968 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Peter Gowland.
Paighambar e Azam O Aakhir Paighambar e Azam O Aakhir (The greatest and final Prophet) was the biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad by Naseer Ahmad Nasir. This was one of the most important contemporary biographical works in Islam, and in 1978 it was selected as one of the best biographies of Muhammad by Rabita al-Alam al-Islami (World Muslim League), at Saudi Arabia.
Paignton Paignton (IPA: ) is a coastal town on the English Riviera, located immediately to the south of Torquay in the county of Devon in the United Kingdom. Together with Brixham they form the unitary authority of Torbay which was created in 1998.
Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway Situated in Devon and arguably one of the most picturesque lines in England, the standard gauge Paignton & Dartmouth Steam Railway operates from Paignton to Kingswear along the former Dartmouth and Torbay Railway line.
Paignton railway station Paignton railway station is the railway station serving Paignton in Devon. It is the terminus of the Riviera Line from Exeter and is also an interchange between National Rail services and the preserved Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway.
Paignton Zoo Paignton Zoo Environmental Park is situated on the outskirts of the town of Paignton in Devon, England. It also has a site on the coast in neighbouring Torquay called Living Coasts, home to a variety of marine mammals and birds that are native to British waters.
Paijan Paiján has been for many years the most important archaeological complex of the north coast because of his influence and territorial extension, . Located principally between the vales of Virú and Pacasmayo, Paiján influenced with his skill lítica up to Piura for the north and Ica for the south, it is to this influence what is named a tradition paijense.
Paik Hak Soon Paik Hak Soon was born in June 15th 1954, in Boseong, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Paik is currently the director of Inter-Korean Relations Studies Program and the director of the Center for North Korean Studies at the Sejong Institute in Korea.
Paik system The Paik system was a type of corvee labor system on which the Ahom kingdom of medieval Assam was based. The origin of the word paik is unknown and it is believed that the system is based on the South-East Asian legacy the Ahoms brought with them in 1228.
Paika Paika Kottayam district, Kerala, India is a small town 8 km away from Palai on Pala-Ponkunnam road of Muvattupuzha - Punalur state highway. It is part of Meenachil Taluka, known as the best fertile agricultural land of Travancore.
Paikallistelevisio PTV4 (Paikallistelevisio) was a Finnish television channel which operated from 1989 to 1997. It was originally launched on the HTV cable network under the name of PTV, which was later changed to PTV4 in 1996 when it was bought by SanomaWSOY group.
Paikea Paikea is an ancestor of the Ngāti Porou, a Māori tribe of the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. Paikea is the name assumed by Kahutia-te-rangi because he was assisted by humpback whales (paikea) to survive an attempt on his life by his half-brother Ruatapu.
Paikuhan Paikuhan (Pikkon in the English dubbed version) is a character from the anime filler of Dragon Ball Z of an unknown species from the West Galaxy. He is similar in presentation to Piccolo in that they are both serious, green-skinned and wear weighted clothing, but he is not a Namekian.
Pailhead Pailhead was a short-lived side-project of the industrial music metal band Ministry, which featured the vocals of Ian MacKaye, formerly of The Teen Idles and Minor Threat, and currently of Fugazi and The Evens.
Paillier cryptosystem The Paillier cryptosystem is a probabilistic asymmetric algorithm for public key cryptography, invented by Pascal Paillier in 1999. The problem of computing n-th residue classes is believed to be computationally difficult to compute.
Paimio Sanatorium Paimio Sanatorium is a former tuberculosis sanatorium in Paimio, Finland Proper, designed by Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. Aalto received the commission to design the building after winning an architectural competition for the project held in 1927.
Paimon In demonology, Paimon is one of the Kings of Hell, more obedient to Lucifer than other kings are, and has two hundred (one hundred to other authors) legions of demons under his rule. He has a great voice and roars as soon as he comes, speaking in this manner for a while, until the conjurer compels him and then he answers clearly the questions he is asked.
Paimpol Paimpol (Breton: Pempoull) is a small town and a commune of the Côtes-d'Armor département, in the French région of Bretagne (approximately 80% of Brittany). It is a very popular tourist destination, especially during the summer months when people are attracted by its port and beaches.
Paimpont forest Paimpont forest, also known as Brocéliande, is in the French commune of Paimpont, near the city of Rennes in Brittany. As Brocéliande it had a reputation in the Medieval imagination as a place of magic and mystery.
Pain (American band) Pain is a punk rock band based in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Though they have not produced any chart-topping hits, the band enjoyed a semi-mainstream following after Cartoon Network started airing a short two-minute music video set to their song Jabberjaw (Running Underwater), featuring the cartoon character of the same name along with "updated" versions of the rest of the show's characters.
Pain and suffering Pain and suffering is the legal term for the physical and emotional stress caused from an injury. Some damages that might be under this category would be: aches, pain, temporary and permanent limitations on activity, potential shortening of life, depression or scarring.
Pain au chocolat Pain au chocolat (), also called a chocolatine in certain regions of France, is a French pastry, consisting of a cuboid-shaped piece of puff pastry containing one or more strips of chocolate. In France, they are often sold still hot or at least warm from the oven.
Pain d'Ă©pices Pain d'Ă©pices ("bread of spices"), sometimes translated as gingerbread, is a French cake whose ingredients contain a large dose of honey, and some spices, including aniseed and possibly ginger. The pain d'Ă©pices from Dijon has a good reputation.
Pain de campagne Pain de Campagne ("country bread", in French) is a chewy, crusty, husky (French) bread, decorated traditionally with grapes made from the left-over dough. Made from a starter or a sponge, its ingredients are yeast, water, whole-wheat flour, white flour and salt.
Pain disorder Pain disorder is when a patient experiences chronic and constant pain in one or more areas, and is thought to be caused by psychological stress. The pain is often so severe that it disables the patient from proper functioning.
Pain Jerk Pain Jerk (Japanese; ペイン・ジャーク) is a noise music unit run by Japanese musician Kohei Gomi. Pain Jerk was one of the more prolific and influential noise artists of the 1990s, and is one of the leading figures in the "dynamic" style of Japanese noise, alongside acts such as Merzbow and Kazumoto Endo.
Pain management Pain management (also called pain medicine) is the discipline concerned with the relief of pain. Pain has been described as, "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with either actual or potential tissue damage.
Pain of Mind (Alternative Tentacles Reissue) Pain of Mind is the debut album from a Hardcore Punk/Heavy Metal band Neurosis. It was originally released on Alchemy Records in 1987 and later reissued by Alternative Tentacles in 1994 and Neurot Recordings in 2000.
Pain of Mind (Neurot Recordings Reissue) Pain of Mind is the debut album from a Hardcore Punk/Heavy Metal band Neurosis. It was originally released on Alchemy Records in 1987 and later reissued by Alternative Tentacles in 1994 and Neurot Recordings in 2000.
Pain of Salvation Pain of Salvation is a Swedish progressive metal band featuring Daniel Gildenlöw, who is the lyricist, chief composer, guitarist, and lead vocalist. Their sound is characterised by powerful, accentuated guitar work, broad vocal range, abrupt switching between heavy and calm passages, intense syncopation, and polyrhythmic experimentation.
Pain perdu Pain Perdu is a local variation of French toast from New Orleans. Literally 'lost bread', Pain Perdu is usually made from left over New Orleans-style French bread, which resembles the French baguette, but has a crunchier exterior and a lighter interior.
Pain threshold The term pain threshold refers to the minimum intensity or duration of a sensory stimulus at which it becomes interpreted as painful. In scientific literature the term is clearly differentiated from the term pain tolerance.
Pain Teens Pain Teens was an experimental noise rock band formed in Houston, Texas in 1985 by Scott Ayers and Bliss Blood. The band used tape manipulation, digital delays, sampling, tape cut-ups and other effects in their music.
Painal In Aztec mythology, Painal or Paynal was the impersonator and messenger of Huitzilopochtli. Painal took on his master's attributes at official functions while Huitzilopochtli was trapped in the underworld or otherwise unavailable.
Paine Art Center and Gardens The Paine Art Center and Gardens (3 acres) is a historic mansion with art galleries and botanical gardens located at 1410 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Paine Wingate Paine Wingate (14 May 1739– 7 March 1838) was an American preacher, farmer, and statesman from Stratham, New Hampshire. He served New Hampshire in the Continental Congress and both the United States Senate and House of Representatives.
Painful Indifference Painful Indifference (Russian: Скорбное бесчувствие) is the third produced film by Alexander Sokurov, completed in 1983, but the fourth released one, as it was banned by Soviet authorities until perestroika in 1987. The film is a juxtaposition of World War I and an insane asylum, inspired by Bernard Shaw's play Heartbreak House.
Painkiller Jane Painkiller Jane is a fictional character, a comic book heroine created by Jimmy Palmiotti and Joe Quesada for Event Comics in 1995. Originally a 5-issue miniseries, the character went on to star in numerous cross-over titles with the likes of The Punisher, Vampirella, and Hellboy.
Pains and Penalties Bill 1820 The Pains and Penalties Bill 1820 was a bill introduced to the British Parliament in 1820, at the request of King George IV, who had ascended the throne on 29 January 1820, following the death of his father, King George III. The aim of the bill was to deprive the King's wife, Queen Caroline (née Caroline of Brunswick), of the title of Queen consort, and to dissolve the marriage of the King and Queen.
Painsley Catholic College The Painsley Catholic College, is a school situated in Cheadle, Staffordshire, England. It is a Voluntary Aided Catholic High School established by the Archdiocese of Birmingham for boys and girls of all abilities between the ages of 11 and 18.
Paint (software) Paint (formerly Paintbrush for Windows) is a simple graphics painting program that has been included with all versions of Microsoft Windows since its first release. The program opens and saves files as Windows bitmap (24-bit, 256 color, 16 color, and monochrome, all with the .
Paint by numbers Paint by numbers are the first subset of picture logic puzzles, in which cells in a grid have to be colored or left blank according to numbers given at the side of the grid to reveal a hidden picture. In this puzzle type, the numbers measure how many unbroken lines of filled-in squares there are in any given row or column.
Paint Box "Paint Box" was released by the psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd in 1967 as a B-side to the single "Apples and Oranges", and was written by keybordist Rick Wright. It was later included on the compilation album, Relics.
Paint It Black (band) Paint It Black is a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-based modern hardcore punk band. Their music is often described as melodic hardcore, characterized by fast tempos, catchy melodies and emotionally charged vocals delivered via shouting and singing.
Paint stripper Paint stripper, or paint remover, is the generic name given to solvent mixtures designed to remove paint and other finishes and also to clean the underlying surface. The principal active ingredient is usually dichloromethane.
Paint the Town Paint the Town was the last of the great albums featuring Paulette Carlson as lead vocalist. To be sure, she would later return to the group for a short time, but would never achieve the heights attained in their first three albums.
Paint Valley High School Paint Valley High School is a high school located in Bainbridge, Ohio. The school is part of the Scioto Valley Conference, which also includes Unioto High School, Westfall High School, Zane Trace High School, Huntington High School, Adena High School, Southeastern High School, and Piketon High School.
Paint Your Target (Single) Paint Your Target is the first single off the Fightstar album Grand Unification. Painting a target is a military expression which refers to identifying and marking a target so that it can be attacked by other forces.
Paintball Paintball is a sport in which participants eliminate opponents from play by hitting them with paintballs, spherical gelatin capsules containing primarily polyethylene glycol, other non-toxic and water-soluble substances, and dye, shot from a compressed gas-powered gun, commonly called a marker.
Paintball equipment Paintball is a very equipment-oriented sport, considerably more so than others such as football or ice hockey. Although good equipment by no means guarantees a good player, a good player's ability can be seriously hampered by poor-quality equipment.
Paintball marker A paintball marker or paintball gun is the primary device used in the game of paintball to mark an opposing player. It uses a rapidly expanding gas (usually CO2 or compressed air) to force a paintball through a barrel with a muzzle velocity of approximately 300 ft/s (91 m/s).
Paintball tank Paintball tanks are mechanized vehicles used in various types of the sport of paintball, usually with the intent of military simulation. Paintball tanks are commonly used for woodsball and scenario paintball games.
Painted apple moth Painted Apple Moth (Teia anartoides) is the name of a moth that has great potential to cause extensive damage to environments it is introduced to. In New Zealand an outbreak of the moth was identified in Auckland.
Painted Burrowing Frog The Painted Burrowing Frog (Neobatrachus pictus) is a species of burrowing frog native to western Victoria, eastern South Australia and southern New South Wales. They are also one of six species of frog which inhabit Kangaroo Island.
Painted ceiling A painted ceiling is an overhead interior surface that bounds the upper limit of a room and is covered with an artistic mural or painting. They are usually decorated with fresco painting, mosaic tiles and other surface treatments.
Painted Desert (South Australia) Created over 80 million years, the Painted Desert in South Australia, distinct from Painted Desert in Arizona is just as spectacular with its multi-hued terrain. The effects of erosion on the residue from an ancient inland sea and the leaching of minerals in the soil, together lend the myriad colors one sees today.
Painted fish The term painted fish refers to ornamental aquarium fishes which have been artificially coloured to appeal to consumers. This artificial colouring, also known as juicing, is achieved by a number of methods, such as injecting the fish with a hypodermic syringe containing bright fluorescent colour dye, dipping the fish into a dye solution, or feeding the fish dyed food.
Painted Francolin The Painted Francolin or Painted Partridge (Francolinus pictus) is a species of Francolin found in grassy areas in central and southern India and in the lowlands of southeastern Sri Lanka. They are easily detected by their loud calls especially in the mornings which are made from the tops of short trees.
Painted Hills Painted Hills is one of the three units of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, located in Wheeler County, Oregon It totals 3,132 acres and is located 9 miles northwest of Mitchell, Oregon and 75 miles east of Bend. Painted Hills is named after the colorful layers of its hills corresponding to various geological eras, formed when the area was an ancient river floodplain.
Painted moki The painted moki, Goniistius ephippium, is a morwong of the genus Goniistius, found off southern Australia, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, and northern New Zealand including the Kermadec Islands, from shallow depths to 250 m, on rocky reef and coastal areas. Its length is between 30 and 50 cm.
Painted snipe Painted snipe are three distinctive wader species placed together in their own family Rostratulidae. They are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but much more brightly coloured.
Painted Smiles Painted Smiles is the name of a small record label run by Ben Bagley (1933-1998) and based in New York City. The first of this set of stereo albums were of the songs of his often satirical Shoestring Revues which were performed off-Broadway starting in the late 1950s.
Painted Turtle The Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) is a reptile that is common in North America, and is a water turtle related to other water turtles such as sliders and cooters. This turtle lives in ponds, lakes, marshes, and in slow-moving rivers that have soft, muddy bottoms.
Painter's algorithm The painter's algorithm, also known as a priority fill, is one of the simplest solutions to the visibility problem in 3D computer graphics. When projecting a 3D scene onto a 2D plane, it is at some point necessary to decide which polygons are visible and which are hidden.
Painterly Painterly is a literal translation of German Mälerisch, hence malerisch, one of the opposed categories popularized by the art historian Heinrich Wölfflin (1864 - 1945) in order to help focus, enrich and standardize the terms being used by art historians of his time to characterize works of art. The opposite character is linear, plastic or formal linear design.
Painters Painting Painters Painting: The New York Art Scene 1940-1970 is a 1972 documentary directed by Emile de Antonio. It covers American art movements from abstract expressionism to pop art through conversations with artists in their studios.
Painterwork Painterwork accomplishes two things, namely the preservation and the coloration of the material painted. The compounds used for painting, taking the word as meaning a thin protective or decorative coat, are very numerous, including oil paint of many kinds, distemper, whitewash, tar; but the word paint is usually confined to a mixture of oil] and [[pigment, together with other materials which possess properties necessary to enable the paint to dry hard and opaque.
Painting Painting taken literally is the practice of applying color to a surface (support) such as paper, canvas, wood, glass, or other. However, when used in an artistic sense, the term "painting" means the use of this activity in combination with drawing, composition and other aesthetic considerations in order to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner.
Painting style In art and painting, style can refer either to the aesthetic values followed in choosing what to paint (and how) or to the physical techniques employed. An aesthetic movement - such as Realism, Romanticism, Impressionism - can promote an entire world view, a way of interpreting reality and deciding which parts of it are worth observing and/or emphasizing, as well as to what extent the artists' emotions are expressed.
Painting the Century 101 Portrait Masterpieces 1900-2000 Painting The Century 101 Portrait Masterpieces 1900-2000 was an international exhibition held at the National Portrait Gallery in London in 2000-2001 that exhibited a work for each year of the 20th Century. A book of the same name is published by the National Portrait Gallery by Robin Gibson with an introduction by Professor Norbert Lynton that illustrates all works exhibited.
Paintings attributed to Caravaggio A number of paintings have been attributed from time to time to the Italian artist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571 - 1610), but are not generally accepted as genuine. Immensely popular in his own lifetime, he fell into neglect almost immediately upon his death, with the result that now, four hundred years later, it's often extremely difficult to distinguish works by the master from copies or from original creations by his most gifted followers.
Paionia Paionia or Paeonia (in Greek Παιονία) was in ancient geography, the land of the Paionians (Ancient Greek Παίονες, Paiones), the exact boundaries of which, like the early history of its inhabitants, are very obscure. In the time of king Philip II of Macedon, Paionia covered most of what is now the Republic of Macedonia, and was located immediately north of ancient Macedon (roughly corresponding to the modern Greek region of Macedonia) and south of Dardania (roughly corresponding to modern-day Kosovo).
Paipai The Paipai (Pai pai, Pa'ipai, Akwa'ala, Yakakwal) are an aboriginal people of northern Baja California, Mexico. They occupied a territory lying between the Kiliwa on the south and the Kumeyaay and Cocopa on the north, and extending from San Vicente near the Pacific coast nearly to the Colorado River's delta in the east.
Paipix Paipix is project developed from the Kanotix and Knoppix distributions, which themselves are "live" optic media containing a Debian-based Linux distribution. Paipix is a compilation of Open Source Software intended to be used in any environment, but particularly inclined to include Science and Technology software applications.
Pair (parliamentary convention) Pairing is a system whereby two members of parliament from opposing political parties may agree to abstain where one member is unable to vote, due to other commitments, illness, travel problems, etc. A party whip will usually allow this only for non-critical votes, often referred to as two-line whips.
Pair bond In biology, a pair bond is the strong affinity that develops in some species between the male and female in a breeding pair. Pair-bonding, from 1940, is a term frequently used in sociobiology and evolutionary psychology circles and is typically meant to imply either a life-long monogamous relationship or a stage of mating interaction in socially monogamous species.
Pair by association In relation to psychology to "pair by association" is the action of associating a stimulus with an arbitrary idea or object, to elicit a response, usually emotional. This is done by repeatedly pairing the stimulus with the arbitrary object.
Pair de France Pair de France ('Peer of France') is the French title of the Peers who held a lay or ecclesiastical fief of high rank, known as pairie, of the Kingdom of France, a rather different institution than the British peerage.
Pair Distribution Function The atomic pair distribution function (PDF) describes the density of interatomic distances in a material. Of special practical importance is the radial pair distribution function, which is independent of orientation.
Pair gain In telephony, pair gain is a method of transmitting multiple POTS signals over a single traditional subscriber line used in telephone systems, in effect creating additional subscriber lines. This is typically used as an expedient way to solve subscriber line shortage problems by using existing wiring, instead of installing new wires from the central office to the customer premises.
Pair of opposing forces Pair of opposing forces is a pair of parallel forces equal in magnitude but of different sign. The vector sum of a pair of opposing forces equals zero, while its torque is in general equal to the magnitude of one of the forces, multiplied by the distance of the straight lines of the two forces.
Pair of pants In mathematics, a pair of pants is a simple two-dimensional surface resembling a pair of pants. In hyperbolic geometry, pairs of pants are sewn together, leg to leg, or leg to waist, to create Riemann surfaces of arbitrary genus.
Pair production Pair production refers to the creation of an elementary particle and its antiparticle, usually from a photon (or another neutral boson). This is allowed, provided there is enough energy available to create the pair – at least the total rest mass energy of the two particles – and that the situation allows both energy and momentum to be conserved (though not necessarily on shell).
Pair programming Pair programming requires two software engineers to participate in a combined development effort at one workstation. Each member performs the action the other is not currently doing: While one types in unit tests the other thinks about the class that will satisfy the test, for example.

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