Encyclopedia

Recovery from Cults (book) Recovery from Cults: Help for Victims of Psychological and Spiritual Abuse a 1995 book edited by Michael Langone, director of the International Cultic Studies Association (formerly the American Family Foundation), published by W. W.
Recovery Glacier The Recovery Glacier is a glacier, at least 100 km (60 mi) long and 64 km (40 mi) wide at its mouth, flowing west along the southern side of the Shackleton Range in Antarctica. First seen from the air and examined from the ground by the CTAF in 1957, and so named because of the recovery of the expedition's vehicles which repeatedly broke into bridged crevasses on this glacier during the early stages of the crossing of Antarctica.
Recovery Is Possible Recovery Is Possible (RIP) is a small, specialized Linux distribution that includes a large number of system maintenance and recovery applications. The disc is mainly oriented at the experienced Linux user that knows what he is doing, and thus does not contain automated scripts for many common tasks (such as undeleting files, creating partitions, and the such).
Recovery of capital doctrine In United States tax law the recovery of capital doctrine protects a portion of investment receipts from being taxed, namely the amount that was initially invested. This is because the investor is receiving his or her own money, which is being returned to him or her.
Recovery partition A hard disk recovery partition is a method used to store recovery information on a personal computer. Many OEM manufacturers use the recovery partition to store a complete copy of the hard disk's factory default contents for easy restoration.
Recovery position The recovery position is a first aid technique recommended for assisting people who are unconscious, or nearly so, but are still breathing. It is frequently taught as part of classes in CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation).
Recovery program Recovery program is a program usually used to assist a person to get over an addiction such as alcohol or gambling. Many recovery programs exist each offering their own specific blend of modalities to support the recovering person in achieving their goal.
Recovery Point Objective The Recovery Point Objective (RPO) describes the point in time to which data must be restored in order to successfully resume processing. This is often thought of as time between last backup and when outage occurred and indicates the amount of data lost.
Recovery Time Objective The recovery time objective (RTO) is determined based on the acceptable down time in case of a disruption of operations. It indicates the latest point in time at which the business operations must resume after disaster.
Recovery-oriented computing Recovery-oriented computing (sometimes abbreviated to ROC) is a method constructed at Leland Stanford Junior University and the University of California, Berkeley for developing reliable Internet services. Its proponents seek to recognize computer bugs as inevitable, and then reduce their harmful effects.
Recreation Recreation is the use of time in a non-profitable way, in many ways also a therapeutic refreshment of one's body or mind. While leisure is more likely a form of entertainment or rest, recreation is active for the participant but in a refreshing and diverting manner.
Recreation and Amusement Association The Recreation and Amusement Association (RAA, 特殊慰安施設協会), or more literally Special Comfort Facility Association, was the official euphemism for the prostitution centers arranged for occupying U.S.
Recreation Ground (Bath) The Recreation Ground ("the Rec") is a multi-use sports ground in the centre of Bath, Somerset, next to the River Avon. Capable of holding 10,300 people during the season, the Rec is currently used primarily for rugby union and is the home ground of Bath Rugby.
Recreation Park (Columbus) Recreation Park is a former Baseball ground located in Columbus, Ohio, USA. The ground was home to the Columbus Buckeyes of the American Association for the 1883 and 1884 seasons as well as the Columbus Solons from 1889 to 1891.
Recreation Park (Ontario) Recreation Park is the name given by the provincial park service of Ontario for parks which usually contain many campgrounds, modern facilities, beaches, boat launches, picnic areas, hiking, and other utilities used in modern recreational camping.
Recreation Park (Pittsburgh) Recreation Park was a baseball park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where from 1884 to 1890 it served as the home field for the fledgling professional baseball team later known as the Pittsburgh Pirates. It also hosted early football games of the Western University of Pennsylvania, now known as the University of Pittsburgh from 1889 to 1924.
Recreation room A recreation room (also known as a rec room or rumpus room) is a room used for a variety of purposes, such as parties, games and other everyday or casual use. The term is common in the United States, but it is not used in the United Kingdom.
Recreational drug use Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive drugs for recreational purposes rather than for work, medical or spiritual purposes, although the distinction is not always clear. Several behavioral psychologists who have studied this field have come to refer to it as the 'Fourth Drive' in that this behavior, has so much force and persistence that it functions like our drives for hunger, thirst and sex.
Recreational kayak A Recreational Kayak is a type of kayak that is designed for the casual paddler interested in fishing, photography, or a peaceful paddle on a lake or flatwater stream; they presently make up the largest segment of kayak sales. Compared to other kayaks, recreational kayaks are characterized by having larger a cockpit opening for easy entry and exit and a wider beam (27–30 inches) for more stability on the water and are generally less than twelve feet in length, which makes them slower than a longer boat would be, but lighter, easier to handle in and out of the water, and less expensive.
Recreational mathematics Recreational mathematics includes many mathematical games, and can be extended to cover such areas as logic and other puzzles of deductive reasoning. Some of the most interesting problems in this field do not require a knowledge of advanced mathematics.
Recreational Religion Recreational Religion is term used to describe any one of a number of activities where a person (non-religious or from another sect) indulges or immerses themselves in activities, literature, and media of a given religious sect which they perceive as strange, bizarre, or off-beat, for the sole purpose of having fun at the expense of that sect.
Recreational Software Advisory Council The Recreational Software Advisory Council (RSAC) was an independent, non-profit organization founded in the USA in 1994 by the Software Publishers Association as well as six other industry leaders in response to video game controversy and threats of government regulation. The goal of the council was to provide objective content ratings for computer games, similar to the earlier formed Videogame Rating Council (VRC) and later Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB).
Recreational therapy The American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) defines therapeutic recreation as "the provision of Treatment Services and the provision of Recreation Services to persons with illnesses or disabling conditions. The primary purposes of Treatment Services, which are often referred to as Recreational Therapy, are to restore, remediate or rehabilitate in order to improve functioning and independence as well as reduce or eliminate the effects of illness or disability.
Recreational Trail Program The Recreational Trails Program (RTP) is a federal assistance program of the United States Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). It provides funds to the States to develop and maintain recreational trails and trail-related facilities for both nonmotorized and motorized recreational trail uses.
Recreational vehicle In North American English the term recreational vehicle and its derived acronym, RV, are generally used to refer to an enclosed piece of equipment dually used as both a vehicle, a temporary travel home or a full time home. This article mainly refers to the vehicle of this definition.
Recreio dos Bandeirantes Recreio dos Bandeirantes (or simply Recreio, as the Cariocas call it) is both the name of the beach and neighborhood in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, and is located to the west of the adjacent Barra da Tijuca neighborhood. It has been recently populated which makes the region more preserved than others in the city.
Recriminations The Recriminations mini-album reflects The Toasters first real demos, instigated by their mentor Joe Jackson, who produced and mixed this session over the course of one weekend at Chelsea Sound's studio on New York City's Times Square. It encapsulates The Toaster's development as a guitar-based band before the inception of their monster horn section and the introduction of the Unity Two's flying feet fleshed out their sound.
Recruit training Recruit training is the initial indoctrination and instruction given to new military personnel. It may be common to all recruits, officers being selected on the basis of competency shown during recruit training, or for the enlisted ranks only.
Recruiter A recruiter is someone engaging in recruitment, which is the solicitation of individuals to fill jobs or positions within any group, such as a sports team or corporation. Recruiters can be divided into 2 groups: those working internally for one organization, and those working for multiple clients in a 3rd-party broker relationship, sometimes called headhunters.
Recruiter Badge The Recruiter Badge is a decoration of the United States military which is awarded to those personnel who have performed recruitment duty as military recruiters to the United States Armed Forces. The Recruiter Badge is issued by every branch of military except for the United States Marine Corps.
Recruiting (athletics) In college athletics, recruiting is the term used for the process whereby college coaches add new players to their roster of student-athletes each off-season. In most instances, it involves a coach extending a scholarship offer to a player who is about to graduate from high school or a junior college.
Recruiting Service Ribbon The Recruiting Service Ribbon is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces which is issued by every branch of service with the exception of the United States Army. The Recruiting Service Ribbon recognizes those military service members who have completed a successful tour as a military recruiter in one of the United States Military Recruiting Commands.
Recruitment Recruitment refers to the process of finding possible candidates for a job or function, usually undertaken by recruiters. It also may be undertaken by an employment agency or a member of staff at the business or organization looking for recruits.
Recruitment to the British Army during World War I At the start of 1914 the British Army had a reported strength of 710,000 men inclusive of reserves, of which around 80,000 were regular troops ready for war. By the end of World War I almost 1 in 4 of the total male population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland had joined, over five million men.
Recrystallization (metallurgy) Recrystallization is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of undeformed grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed. Recrystallization is usually accompanied by a reduction in the strength and hardness of a material and a simultaneous increase in the ductility.
Rectal foreign body Rectal foreign bodies are a common occurrence in hospital emergency rooms. In general, large foreign bodies found in the rectum can be assumed to have been inserted through the anus, rather than reaching the rectum via the mouth.
Rectangle method In integral calculus, the rectangle method uses an approximation to a definite integral, made by finding the area of a series of rectangles. In numerical computation, this has generally been superseded by more sophisticated methods of numerical integration.
Rectenna A rectenna is a rectifying antenna, a special type of antenna that is used to directly convert microwave energy into DC electricity. Its elements are usually arranged in a multi element phased array with a mesh pattern reflector element to make it directional.
Rectifiable set In mathematics, a rectifiable set is a set that is smooth in a certain measure-theoretic sense. It is an extension of the idea of a rectifiable curve to higher dimensions; loosely speaking, a rectifiable set is a rigorous formulation of a piece-wise smooth set.
Rectification (geometry) In Euclidean geometry, rectification is the process of truncating a polytope by marking the midpoints of all its edges, and cutting off its vertices at those points. The resulting polytope will be bounded by the vertex figures and the rectified facets of the original polytope.
Rectification (law) Rectification is a remedy whereby a court orders a change in a written document to reflect what it ought to have been or said in the first place. It is an equitable remedy, which means the circumstances where it can be applied are limited.
Rectified spirit Rectified spirit or rectified alcohol is high concentration alcohol purified by the process of rectification (repeated or fractional distillation). It is used for medicinal purposes, as a household solvent, or in mixed drinks.
Rectifier A rectifier is an electrical device, which converts alternating current to direct current, a process known as rectification. Rectifiers are used as components of power supplies and as detectors of radio signals.
Rectilinear lens In photography, a rectilinear lens is a photographic lens that yields images where straight features, such as the walls of buildings, appear with straight lines, as opposed to being curved. In other words, it is a lens with little barrel or pincushion distortion.
Rectilinear locomotion Rectilinear locomotion is a mode of locomotion most often associated with snakes, particularly heavy-bodied species like terrestrial pythons and boas, although most snakes are capable of it. Unlike all other modes of snake locomotion, in which the snake bends its body, in rectilinear locomotion, the snake flexes its body only when turning.
Rectisol Rectisol is the trade name for an acid gas removal process that uses methanol as a solvent to separate acid gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from valuable feed gas streams. By doing so, the feed gas is made more suitable for combustion and/or further processing.
Recto The recto of a book, broadsheet, or pamphlet, the right-hand page of a folded sheet or bound item. It is a term of art in the binding, printing, and publishing industries, and can be applied more broadly to any field where physical documents are exchanged.
Recto-verso drawing A recto-verso drawing or "recto and verso drawing" is a drawing on both sides of a sheet of paper, either when so planned and intended, or when so understood when two drawings were made on either side of the paper in a sketchbook or the like, and the page was then removed.
Rector (University of Edinburgh) The Lord Rector of Edinburgh University is elected every three years by the students and staff at the University of Edinburgh. Seldom referred to as Lord Rector, the incumbent is more commonly known just as the Rector.
Rector of the University of Glasgow The position of Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow is elected every three years by the students at the University of Glasgow. Seldom referred to as Lord Rector, they are more commonly known just as the Rector.
Rector of the University of St Andrews The position of Lord Rector of the University of St Andrews is elected every three years by the students at the University of St Andrews. Seldomly referred to as Lord Rector, they are more commonly known just as the Rector, the position's place in the university was enshrined by statute of the Parliament of the United Kingdom when they passed the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889, which provided for the election of a Rector at all of the universities in existence at the time in Scotland.
Rector Street (BMT Broadway Line) Rector Street is a station on the BMT Broadway Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the corner of Rector Street and Trinity Place in Lower Manhattan, the station is served by the train at all times except late nights, when it is replaced by the train.
Rectory Depending on denomination and local tastes, the building inhabited, or formerly inhabited by the leader of a Christian church can be referred to by many names. In churches that are members of the Anglican Communion, the building will most commonly be called a rectory or vicarage depending on the title of the inhabitant.
Rectoversion Rectoversion is a new technique of painting which consists in painting on the two sides of a perforated painting (created by Michel De Caso in 1991). An artistic movement of the same name exists since 2002 as well as a Circle Internet "rectoversion" (since 2004).
Rectus abdominis muscle The rectus abdominis muscle is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen (and in some other animals). There are two parallel muscles, separated by a band of connective tissue called the linea alba (white line).
Rectus capitis posterior major muscle The Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major) arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis, and, becoming broader as it ascends, is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line.
Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle The Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor) arises by a narrow pointed tendon from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas, and, widening as it ascends, is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum.
Reculver Reculver is a summer resort situated about 5 kilometres east of Herne Bay along the North Kent coast and is popular with visitors. Its main features are the ruins of a Roman Fort and a country park which houses an interpretation centre run by the Kent Wildlife Trust.
Recumbent bicycle A recumbent bicycle is a variety of bicycle which places the rider in a seated or supine position (rarely, in a prone position). Recumbents hold the world speed record for a bicycle and were banned from international racing in 1934.
Recumbent effigy Recumbent effigy literally means a "likeness lying in repose." It was a sepulchre sculpture practice particularly popular in 16th and 17th centuries on Christian tombs and particularly in England and was used to signify status.
Recuperation Recuperation, in common usage, refers to a period of recovery. This has many uses, from medicine, in which sense it refers to the process by which medical patients recover from disease, injury, or mental illness, or finance, where it refers to the financial recovery of an individual or company.
Recuperator A recuperator is a special purpose counter-flow heat exchanger used to recover waste heat from exhaust gases. In many types of processes, combustion is used to generate heat, and the recuperator serves to recuperate, or reclaim this heat, in order to reuse or recycle it.
Recurrence plot In descriptive statistics and chaos theory, a recurrence plot (RP) is a plot showing, for a given moment in time, the times at which a phase space trajectory visits roughly the same area in the phase space. In other words, it is a graph of
Recurrence relation In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation which defines a sequence recursively: each term of the sequence is defined as a function of the preceding terms. A difference equation is a specific type of recurrence relation.
Recurrent corneal erosion Recurrent corneal erosion is a disorder of the eyes characterized by the failure of the cornea's outermost layer of epithelial cells to attach to the underlying basement membrane (Bowman's membrane). The condition is frequently painful because the loss of these cells results in the exposure of sensitive corneal nerves.
Recurrent neural network A recurrent neural network is a neural network where the connections between the units form a directed cycle. Recurrent neural networks must be approached differently from feedforward neural networks, both when analysing their behavior and training them.
Recurrent point In mathematics, a recurrent point for function f is a point that is in the limit set of the iterated function f. Any neighborhood containing the recurrent point will also contain (a countable number of) iterates of it as well.
Recurring character A recurring character is a fictional character, usually in a prime time TV series, who is not a main character but who appears from time to time during the series' run. Recurring characters often play major roles in an episode, sometimes being the main focus.
Recurring characters in Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo This is a list of the main recurring characters of the manga/anime series Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo. All names start with the original Japanese reading, followed by the title in the American versions (both manga and anime).
Recurring characters in Last of the Summer Wine Last of the Summer Wine has featured a large cast of supporting characters over the years - some background characters, and some featuring heavily in the series. Ever since the show started in 1973, people have left the cast (often due to the death of the actor or actress playing the part) and many new characters have been written into the show.
Recurring themes in Calvin and Hobbes There are several repeating themes in Bill Watterson's Calvin and Hobbes, a few involving Calvin's real life, and many stemming from his incredible imagination. Some of the latter are clearly flights of fancy, while others, like Hobbes, are of an apparently dual nature and don't quite work when presumed real or unreal.
Recursion Recursion, in mathematics and computer science, is a method of defining functions in which the function being defined is applied within its own definition. The term is also used more generally to describe a process of repeating objects in a self-similar way.
Recursive acronym A recursive acronym (or occasionally recursive initialism) is an abbreviation which refers to itself in the expression for which it stands. Due to the nature of the English language, which would infinitely recurse left-recursive phrases, recursive abbreviations are circular definitions.
Recursive descent parser A recursive descent parser is a top-down parser built from a set of mutually-recursive procedures (or a non-recursive equivalent) where each such procedure usually implements one of the production rules of the grammar. Thus the structure of the resulting program closely mirrors that of the grammar it recognizes.
Recursive filter In signal processing, a recursive filter is a type of filter which re-uses one or more of its outputs as an input. This feedback typically results in an unending impulse response (commonly referred to as infinite impulse response (IIR)), characterised by either exponentially growing, decaying, or sinusoidal signal output components.
Recursive join The "recursive join" is an operation used in relational databases, also sometimes called a "fixed-point join". It is a compound operation that involves repeating the join operation, typically accumulating more records each time, until a repetition makes no change to the results (as compared to the results of the previous iteration).
Recursive language A recursive language in mathematics, logic and computer science, is a type of formal language which is also called recursive, decidable or Turing-decidable. The class of all recursive languages is often called R, although this name is also used for the class RP.
Recursive least squares filter Recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is used in adaptive filters to find the filter coefficients that relate to producing the recursively least squares of the error signal (difference between the desired and the actual signal)
Recursive ordinal In mathematics, specifically set theory, an ordinal alpha is said to be recursive if there is a recursive binary relation R that well-orders a subset of the natural numbers and the order type of that ordering is alpha.
Recursive recycling Recursive Recycling is a technique where a function, in order to accomplish a task, calls itself with some part of the task or output from a previous step. In municipal solid waste and waste reclamation processing it is the process of extracting and converting materials from recycled materials derived from the previous step until all subsequent levels of output are extracted or used.
Recursive set In computability theory, a set of natural numbers is called recursive, computable or decidable if there is an algorithm which terminates after a finite amount of time and correctly decides whether or not a given number belongs to the set. A set which is not computable is called noncomputable or undecidable.
Recursive transition network A recursive transition network ("RTN") is a graph theoretical schematic used to represent the rules of a context free grammar. RTNs have application to programming languages, natural language and lexical analysis.
Recursively enumerable language In mathematics, logic and computer science, a recursively enumerable language is a type of formal language which is also called partially decidable or Turing-recognizable. It is known as a type-0 language in the Chomsky hierarchy of formal languages.
Recurve bow A recurve bow is a bow that, in contrast to the simple longbow, has tips that curve away from the archer when the bow is held in the shooting position. The technical difference between a recurve and other bows is that when strung, the string touches the limbs of a recurve bow, and only touches the tips of other types.
Recusal Recusal, also referred to as disqualification, refers to the act of abstaining from participation in an official action such as a legal proceeding due to a conflict of interest of the presiding court official or administrative officer. Applicable statutes or canons of ethics may provide standards for recusal in a given proceeding or matter.
Recusal (Academia) In the context of academic examinations (and by extension professional examinations) recusal is the process whereby a marker or examiner is excused from dealing with a particular candidate's work. This happens most often in the case of a personal relationship between the examiner and the candidate.
Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye or Recueil des Histoires de Troye, is a French courtly romance written by Raoul le Fevre, chaplain to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy. Translated by William Caxton, and printed by him with Colard Mansion around 1475 at Bruges.
Recyclable waste Recyclable waste is a waste type that has the potential to be recycled. A typical municipal waste stream (bin bag) contains the following components that can be recycled if recovered in a suitably clean state with little contamination:
Recycled player In the sport of Australian rules football, the term recycled player is used (mainly in the Australian Football League) to refer to senior players who, unwanted by their original club, continue a career at a second.
Recycling Recycling is the reprocessing of materials into new products. Recycling prevents useful material resources being wasted, reduces the consumption of raw materials and reduces energy usage, and hence greenhouse gas emissions, compared to virgin production.
Recycling bin A recycling bin (or recycle bin) is a container used to hold recyclables before they are taken to recycling centers. Recycling bins exist in various sizes for use in homes, offices, and large public facilities.
Recycling in Ireland Rates of household recycling in Ireland have increased dramatically since the late 1990's, but are still lagging behind European averages. The Irish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the agency with overall responsibility for recycling, and acts as the watchdog for the waste management industry in Ireland.
Recycling symbol The universally recognized recycling symbol (♲ or U+2672 in Unicode) with three chasing arrows is a Möbius strip or unending loop. August Ferdinand Möbius, the nineteenth century mathematician, discovered that a strip of paper twisted once over and joined at the tips formed a continuous, single-edged, one-sided surface.
Recyclone Recyclone is the avante-guard hip hop/industrial alter-ego of Halifax musician and photographer Jon Hutt. Hutt grew up in and around the community of Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada, and contributed to east coast underground supergroup The Motes.
Red & Anarchist Action Network The Red & Anarchist Action Network is a loose organization of autonomous individuals who subscribe to revolutionary anarchist and libertarian (that is, anti-state, anti-Leninist) communist ideals. The Network was initially formed in May 2002 by the joining of a communist and an anarchist website onto one internet forum, with the intention of creating a "Red & Anarchist News Network.
Red (band) Red is a Christian alternative metal band from Linesville, Pennsylvania, signed to Essential Records. The band's first album, End of Silence (released June 6th, 2006), includes the singles "Breathe Into Me" and "Already Over.
Red (Saga Frontier character) Red Okinagi is one of the seven main characters in the PSX game SaGa Frontier, and he is considered to be part of the "Holy Trinity" of the game. The other two parts of this are Asellus and Blue/Rouge, for those wondering.
Red 5 Studios Red 5 Studios is a computer game company currently mostly known for their high ratio of former employees of Blizzard Entertainment, one of the most successful game companies in the world. The founders previously worked on World of WarcraftInterview with Mark Kern (Red 5 Studios), Game Tycoon.
Red adaptation goggles Red adaptation goggles were first invented by Wilhem Trendelenburg in 1916 for early radiologists to use to adapt their eyes to view the light produced by fluorescent screens during fluoroscopic procedures. The concept is based on the work by Antoine Beclere on dark adaptation of the eye, where it is noted that the fluoroscopy relies the use of the retinal rods of the eye.
Red algae The red algae (Rhodophyta, , from Greek: (rhodon) = rose + (phyton) = plant, thus red plant) are a large group of mostly multicellular, marine algae, including many notable seaweeds. Most of the coralline algae, which secrete calcium carbonate and play a major role in building coral reefs, belong here.

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