Encyclopedia

Redemption (bonds) Redemption can mean the payment of an obligation, as in a government's payment of the value of its bonds. In this sense, redemption can mean the payment of any formal obligation incurred by any business or institution.
Redemption (TNG episode) "Redemption" is the name of a two-part Star Trek: The Next Generation episode. "Redemption (Part 1)" was the finale of the fourth season; it was the 99th episode of the show, and it first aired on June 17, 1991.
Redemption game Redemption games are typically arcade games of skill that reward the player proportionally to their score in the game. The reward most often comes in the form of tickets, with more tickets being awarded for higher scores.
Redemption Hill Redemption Hill is a New Zealand reality series that follows 10 out-of-control teens when they are offered a taste of what could be waiting for them in the future - unless they accept help and change their ways.
Redemption Hymnbook The Redemption Hymnbook was a red-covered hymnbook containing 800 evangelical hymns, published by the Elim Publishing House in 1951. The preface proclaimed: "A hymnal is now proffered that combines rich devotional hymns in abundance with stirring revival hymns that present the gospel in all its depth, winsomeness and simplicity".
Redemption League In Harry Turtledove's American Empire and Settling Accounts series of novels, the Redemption League is a fascist political party in the Confederate States of America, closely aligned to the beliefs of the Freedom Party.
Redemption Song "Redemption Song" was the last track on Bob Marley's ninth Island music album, Uprising. Marley was a pioneer in spreading the reggae music of Jamaica throughout the world; however "Redemption Song" is a simple folk song.
Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (2004) is a TV-movie starring Jamie Foxx and Lynn Whitfield. The film was directed by Vondie Curtis-Hall, who has directed several other Hollywood films and television shows.
Redemptive suffering Redemptive suffering is the Roman Catholic belief that human suffering, when accepted and offered up in union with the Passion of Jesus, can remit the just punishment for one's sins or for the sins of another. Like an indulgence, redemptive suffering does not gain the individual forgiveness for their sin; forgiveness results from God’s grace, freely given through Christ, which cannot be earned.
Redemptor Hominis Redemptor Hominis (Latin for "The Redeemer of Man") is the name of the first encyclical written by Pope John Paul II. It lays a blueprint for his pontificate in its exploration of contemporary human problems and especially their proposed solutions found in a deeper understanding of the human person.
Redemptoris Missio Redemptoris Missio (Latin for Mission of the Redeemer), subtitled On the permanent validity of the Church's missionary mandate, is a Papal encyclical by Pope John Paul II published on December 7 1990 devoted to the subject of "the urgency of missionary activity"Introduction, 1. and in which he wished "to invite the Church to renew her missionary commitment.
Rederi AB Slite Rederi AB Slite was a Swedish shipping company, founded in 1947 by Carl Bertil Myrsten and his sister Inga Gattberg. The Myrsten family, from Slite on the island of Gotland, had been in the business since 1867, when Johan Niclas Myrsten founded the dynasty.
Redesign Software redesign means designing and implementing a new overall structure of a software system, without changing its external behavior, and with the goal to increase its flexibility. More precisely, the changes aim to fix deficiencies in the software design and create structure that allow for incorporating future enhancements.
Redeye piranha The redeye piranha or black piranha, Serrasalmus rhombeus, is a fish of the piranha family Characidae found in South America in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, the north and eastern Guiana Shield rivers, and northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers. Its length is up to 41.
RedEye The RedEye is a daily publication put out by the Chicago Tribune geared toward 18 to 34-year-olds. It was created due to the loss of readership among young people of the Chicago Tribune and other major newspapers.
Redface moray The redface moray, Monopenchelys acuta, is a species of saltwater eels, the only member of the genus Monopenchelys of the Muraenidae (Moray eel) family. It is found in the Atlantic from Ascension Island and the Bahamas to the Caribbean, the eastern Pacific from Hawaii, and also from the western Indian Ocean.
Redfern to Chatswood railway line, Sydney The Redfern to Chatswood Rail Link (RCRL) is the name of one of the routes proposed for a new underground railway line in Sydney's central business district. The line, which is part of the planned North West-CBD-South West link, will start at Redfern Station, travel under the Central Business District, cross under Sydney Harbour, pass through the Northern Sydney suburbs and end at the existing Chatswood railway station.
Redfern-Eveleigh-Darlington The Redfern-Eveleigh-Darlington or RED project (also known as the Redfern-Waterloo Parternship Program) was instigated by the state government of New South Wales to redevelop the run-down housing and railway yards in the suburbs of Redfern, Eveleigh and Darlington to the South-West of Sydney central business district to ease the pressure of Sydney's growing population by housing more people near the city centre.
Redfern, New South Wales Redfern is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 3 km south of the Sydney central business district and is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney.
Redfield College (South Dakota) Redfield College was an institution of higher learning located in Redfield, Spink County, South Dakota. The college was sponsored by the "Northern Association of Congregational Churches," an alliance of Congregational groups in the north-central area of South Dakota.
Redfingers The redfingers, Cheilodactylus fasciatus, is a morwong of the genus Cheilodactylus, found only off the coasts of Namibia and South Africa, in rock pools and from shallow depths to 120 m, on rocky reef areas. Its length is up to 30 cm.
Redford union high school Redford Union High School is the Redford Union School District's primary high school, serving grades 9-12. It is often referred to as RU or less often, RUHS, or by its long running semi-gag, semi-pun name R U High.
Redford Union School District Redford Union is a school district in Redford, MI, a small Township west of Detroit, Michigan. The school district includes, Hilbert Middle School, Redford Union High School, Keeler Elemnetary, Bulman Elementary, Stuckey Elementary and MacGowan Elementary.
Redgrave family The Redgrave family is one of the enduring theatrical dynasties, which is now into its fifth generation. All the family have worked in theatre, most also in film and television mainly as actors and actresses but there have been writers too, of both plays and books.
Redgrave Pinsent Rowing Lake The Redgrave-Pinsent Rowing Lake is a rowing lake in the United Kingdom, named after the Olympic rowers Sir Steve Redgrave and Sir Matthew Pinsent. The lake and its boathouse are specifically designed for training use, and will provide training, medical, and scientific facities for the GB rowing squad, and for Oxford University in preparation for the Boat Race.
Redgum Redgum were an Australian folk and political music group. They are most famous for their protest songs exploring the impact of war ("I Was Only 19 (A Walk in the Light Green)", 1983) and Australian consumer influences on surrounding nations ("I've Been To Bali Too", 1984).
Redhall Primary School Redhall Primary School is a primary school located in Lower Gornal, West Midlands, England. It was built during the 1890s by Sedgley Urban District Council as an infant, junior and secondary school, as well as including the first nursery school in Sedgley (no others were opened in the area for some 60 years afterwards).
Redhead (album) Redhead is the major label debut album by Bleu. Released by the Columbia Records imprint Aware Records in 2003, the two versions featured various songs, including the single "Get Up," the song "Somebody Else" from Spiderman, and "I Won't Go Hollywood" from American Dreamz and Win a Date With Tad Hamilton!.
Redhill Airshow The Redhill Airshow is a classic garden party style event held amongst the beautiful surrounding of the all grass Redhill Aerodrome in East Surrey. The show is one of the highlights of the local areas calendar.
Redhill MRT Station Redhill MRT Station (EW18) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit station on the East West MRT Line in Singapore. This is the last above-ground station until Kallang MRT Station: east of the station toward Tiong Bahru, the tracks lose elevation until they level out when sufficiently underground.
Redhu Redhu is the last name of a particular clan or "gotra" of people who belong to the area of Jind in the State of Haryana, India.Traditionally, Redhus have primarily been farmers and a large number also serve in the Indian Armed Forces .
Rediff cricket rankings The Rediff Cricket Rankings is a system for ranking international cricket teams devised by MJ Manohar Rao of the University of Mumbai and Srinivas Bhogle of the Indian National Aerospace laboratories. It was originally known as the Rao-Bhogle Index (RBI).
Redirect examination Redirect examination is the trial process by which the party who offered the witness has a chance to explain or otherwise qualify any damaging testimony brought out by the opponent during cross-examination. Redirect examination may question only those areas brought out on cross-examination and may not stray beyond that boundary.
Redistricting The process known as redistricting in the United States and redistribution in many Commonwealth countries is the changing of political borders. Often this means changing electoral district and constituency boundaries, usually in response to periodic census results.
Redjetson Redjetson is a UK based post-rock band who have been influenced by a diverse selection of bands including Interpol, Slint, Radiohead, Joy Division, Explosions in the Sky, My Bloody Valentine, Sigur Ros, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, The Doors & Mogwai.
Redland High School for Girls Redland High School for Girls is a selective and independent, non-denominationnal girls' school in the suburb of Redland, Bristol, United Kingdom. The school is housed in an old manor-house known as Redland Court.
Redland Shire Council Redland Shire is a Local Government Area of South East Queensland, spread along the southern coast of Moreton Bay covering 537 square kilometres. Sandwiched between the burgeoning cities of Brisbane to the north, Logan to the west and the Gold Coast to the south, it is part of the fastest growing area in Queensland and one of the fastest growing in Australia.
Redland, Bristol Redland is an affluent inner suburb and parish in Bristol, England. The suburb is situated between Clifton, Cotham and Bishopston, and is within the County of Bristol and the Bristol West Parliamentary constituency.
Redlands High School Redlands High School is located in Redlands, California, United States. It is the oldest public high school in the State of California still functioning on its original site and the first "unified high school" forming from three elementary school districts.
Redlands Unified School District The Redlands Unified School District serves the city of Redlands, California and the surrounding communities of Mentone, Forest Falls, Loma Linda, the eastern half of Highland, and the eastern edge of San Bernardino, in San Bernardino County. Total enrollment is 20,170.
Redlight, Greenlight Redlight, Greenlight is a cancelled VH1 show in which three hosts (including "Ant," and Lonnie Love) judge movies or TV programs from that week, giving them either a red light (meaning "good"), or a green light (meaning "bad").
Redlich-Obersteiner's Zone The Redlich-Obersteiner's zone is a boundary of the central nervous system, separating the PNS & CNS. The redlich-obersteiner's zone is located at the point of entry of the dorsal root into the spinal cord, which can be identified visually where there is a narrow zone.
Redlin Art Center The Redlin Art Center is an art gallery located in Watertown, South Dakota where over 150 of artist Terry Redlin's original paintings are displayed. The center was opened on June 6, 1997 and has welcomed over two million visitors.
Redline Redline refers to the maximum engine speed at which an internal combustion engine and its components are designed to operate without causing damage to the components themselves or other parts of the engine. The redline of an engine depends on various factors such as stroke, mass of the components, displacement, composition of components, and balance of components.
Redline Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Redline Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu school in Edmond, OK. It is an associated school of Gracie Humaitá black belt Leonardo Xavier, along with Tulsa Top Team in Tulsa and NOLA Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in New Orleans.
Redline: F-1 Racer Redline: F-1 Racer is a Formula One simulator for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Everything from treacherous right turns to gasoline is simulated as the player tries to win the Formula One championship.
Redlining Redlining is the practice of denying or increasing the cost of services, such as banking, insurance or even supermarketsIn poor health: Supermarket redlining and urban nutrition, Elizabeth Eisenhauer, GeoJournal Volume 53, Number 2 / February, 2001 to residents in certain, often racially determinedHow East New York Became a Ghetto by Walter Thabit. ISBN 0814782671.
Redman Redman is the stage name of Reginald "Reggie" Noble (born April 17, 1970), an American rapper of Korean and African-American descent. Born in Newark], [[New Jersey, he became popular as an artist on the Def Jam label in the early 1990s.
Redmire railway station Redmire railway station is the current western terminus of the Wensleydale Railway and serves the village of Redmire in North Yorkshire, England. The site was redeveloped in the early 1990s by the Ministry of Defence to allow movement of equipment by rail for Catterick Garrison, an operation that is still in use.
Redmond O'Hanlon Redmond O'Hanlon (born 1947) is a British author. He was elected a member of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History in 1982, a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society in 1984 and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1993.
Redmond-Sun conjecture In mathematics, the Redmond-Sun conjecture (raised by Stephen Redmond and Zhi-Wei Sun in 2006) states that an interval [x^m,y^n] with x,y,m,nin{2,3,ldots} contains primes with only finitely many exceptions. Namely, those exceptional intervals [x^m,y^n] are as follows:
Redmont Hotel The Redmont Hotel and Residences is a 14 story (160 foot, 60 meter) tall, 114-room hotel, residence and conference center located on the corner of 5th Avenue North and 21st Street in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The Redmont, named after Birmingham's Red Mountain is the oldest hotel in Birmingham still in use.
Redmoon Theater The Redmoon Theater is a Chicago based not-for-profit theatrical company that specializes in high profile and unique productions using both human actors and puppets. In addition, the Redmoon Theater uses masks, inventive mechanical objets, robust physical movement, live music, acrobatics and an original use of public space for its performances.
Redneck Redneck, in modern usage, predominantly refers to a particular stereotype of people who may be found in many regions of the United States or Canada. Originally limited to Appalachia and the American South, and later the Ozarks and Rocky Mountains, this stereotype is now widespread in other states and the Canadian provinces.
Redneck Nation: How the South Really Won the War Redneck Nation: How the South Really Won the War (ISBN 0-446-52884-6) is a book by conservative personality Michael Graham. Released in 2002 by Warner Books, the book covers a wide variety of Graham's personal opinions on current and historical events in the context of southern ideas and a "redneck" political point of view.
Redneck Performing Arts Association The Redneck Performing Arts Association, or RPAA for short, is a group of Clemson, South Carolina patrons of the ESSO Club, a gas and grocery turned sports bar on the Old Greenville Highway (recently renamed Walter T. Cox Boulevard after a former Clemson University dean and president), who have sponsored a three-day music festival in August since 1981 to raise money for charity.
Redneck Rampage Redneck Rampage is a 1997 first-person shooter game designed by Xatrix Entertainment and published by Interplay. This game features some songs by Mojo Nixon, Reverend Horton Heat, Beat Farmers and other Psychobilly artists.
Rednitz The Rednitz is a river in Bavaria, Germany, tributary of the Regnitz (more precisely: its southern, left headstream). The Rednitz is formed by the confluence of the rivers Fränkische Rezat and Schwäbische Rezat, in Georgensgmünd (district of Roth).
Redology Redology () is a cultural and critical research on the Chinese classic fiction "Dream of the Red Chamber". Since there are a lot of researchers in Redology, research work has been categorized into four subcategories, namely Critics, Literature, Proof-finders and Literature thinkers.
Redon Historically the name "Redon" has also been used as "Rodon" to represent one of the Gods of the polytheistic ancient Illyrians. The God represented as "Redon" or "Rodon" corresponds to the "Lord of the Sea" or the "God of Water" identically as Poseidon has come to represent.
Redondo, Des Moines, Washington Redondo is a community within the incorporated boundaries of the city of Des Moines in King County, Washington. Redondo was initially founded as a resort, but gradually grew to be a middle-class residential community.
Redorer son blason Redorer son blason (literally "to re-gild one's coat of arms") was a social practice taking place in France before the French Revolution whereby a poor aristocratic family married a daughter with a rich commoner. This enabled the aristocratic family to recover financially through the hefty dowry usually asked from the commoner.
Redouan Chekkouri Redouan Chekkouri is a Moroccan, who was detained as a suspected "illegal combatant" in Camp Delta, in the United States naval base, at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Chekkouri was repatriated to Morocco in 2004, along with four other Moroccans.
Redouane Bouchtouk Redouane Bouchtouk (born December 19, 1976) is a boxer from Morocco, who participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native North African country. There he was stopped in the first round of the Light Flyweight (48 kg) division by Colombia's Carlos José Tamara.
Redoubt A redoubt is a fort or fort system usually consisting of an enclosed defensive emplacement outside a larger fort. It is meant to protect soldiers outside the main line of defense and is often hastily constructed.
Redox Brands Redox Brands is a marketing company formed in 2000 by Richard Owen, a former executive with the multinational consumer products firm Procter & Gamble (P&G). Redox is best known for purchasing former P&G brands that no longer fit P&G's strategy.
Redox electrode A redox electrode is an electrode made from electron-conductive material and characterized by high chemical stability in the solution under test. It is used for measuring the redox potential of a specific redox system in solution, and for electrochemical studies (investigation of electrochemical kinetics of interfacial processes).
Redox therapy Redox therapy is an unproven but demonstrated treatment of cancer with redox agents, usually nutritionally. Redox therapy can be described as an antioxidant reacting with an oxidant-type free radical to produce a neutralized free radical and an oxidant.
Redpath Museum The Redpath Museum is a museum of natural history belonging to McGill University located at 859 Sherbrooke Street West () in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was built in 1882 as a gift from the sugar baron Peter Redpath.
Redpill Redpill is a term that describes a human that has been freed from the Matrix, a fictional computer-generated world set at the end of the 20th Century. This term was not used in The Matrix trilogy of movies, but is commonly used in the online multiplayer game The Matrix Online and in The Matrix: Path of Neo.
Redpoll The Redpolls are a group of small passerine birds in the finch family Fringillidae which have characteristic red markings on their heads. They were formerly placed into the genus Acanthis together with the linnets and the twite, but their closest relatives are actually the crossbills (Arnaiz-Villena et al.
Redress In film, a redress is the redecoration of an existing movie set, so that it can double for another set. This saves the trouble and expense of constructing a second set, though they face the difficulty of doing it so the average viewer does not notice the same set is reused.
Redressement Français The Redressement Français (French Resurgence) was a French anti-parliamentarian movement founded in 1926 by electricity magnate Ernest Mercier. It advocated technocratic corporatism - a "government of authority" - instead of a government of politicians.
Redresseur corset This is a historically corset in use from about 1830s to 1918, a Redresseur corset or Training corset or shoulder corset was a corset used by girls at ages 12-13 years to about 18. Its purpose was to mold the torso into a fashionable shape.
Redridge Steel Dam The Redridge Steel Dam is a steel dam across the Salmon Trout River in Redridge, Houghton County, Michigan. Completed in 1901, it is a flat slab buttress dam constructed of steel, a relatively rare material for construction of dams, which are typically earthenworks or masonry.
Redrum Drum Computer Redrum, a device within Propellerhead's Reason, is a step-sequencer drum machine. The device has ten channels which can each hold one sample of WAV, AIFF or SoundFont filetype of any length, sample rate or bit depth.
Redruth Redruth (Cornish: Rysrudh) is a town and civil parish in the Kerrier district of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies approximately at the junction of the A393 road and A3047, on the route of the old London to Lands End trunk road the A30.
Redruth transmitting station The Redruth transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility in West Cornwall () situated in the Fourlanes area. It uses as aerial tower a guyed steel framework mast with square cross section.
RedRobe redRobe is a 2000 novel by Jon Courtenay Grimwood. Details in the text suggest that it is set in the same world as that of his earlier SF novels neoAddix, Lucifer's Dragon and reMix, and like them it is also an SF thriller.
Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 film starring Warren Beatty and Diane Keaton. It centers on the life of John Reed, the Communist, journalist, and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days that Shook the World.
Reds United Reds United were a football team from Dublin in the Republic of Ireland. The team were formed by people involved with Shelbourne FC because after a disagreement with the Football Association of Ireland during the 1933/34 season, Shelbourne resigned from the League of Ireland at the season's end.
Redshift In physics and astronomy, redshift occurs when the electromagnetic radiation, usually visible light, that is emitted from or reflected off of an object is shifted towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum. More generally, redshift is defined as an increase in the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation received by a detector compared with the wavelength emitted by the source.
Redshift quantization Redshift quantization, is the hypothesis that the redshifts of cosmologically distant objects (in particular galaxies) tend to cluster around multiples of some particular value. Since there is a correlation of distance and redshift as expressed in Hubble's Law, redshift quantization would either indicate a quantization of the distances of galaxies from the Earth or a problem with the redshift-distance correlation either of which would have serious implications for cosmology.
Redshift survey In astronomy, a redshift survey, or galaxy survey, is a survey of a section of the sky to measure the redshift of astronomical objects. Using Hubble's law, the redshift can be used to calculate the distance of an object from Earth.
Redshirt (college sports) Redshirt is a term used in American college athletics. Typically, a student-athlete has four years of eligibility in a given sport, to coincide with the standard four-year calendar for obtaining a bachelor's degree.
Redshirt (character) A redshirt is a stock character, used frequently in science fiction but also other genres, whose sole purpose is to die violently soon after being introduced. Redshirts are a plot device used to indicate the dangerous circumstances faced by the main characters at the start of a narrative without having to kill any of the vital main characters.
Redshirts Redshirts is the name given to the volunteers who followed Giuseppe Garibaldi in southern Italy during his Mille expedition to southern Italy, but sometimes extended to other campaigns of him. The name derived by the colour of their shirts (complete uniforms were beyond the finances of the Italian patriots).
Redskin (film) Redskin is a 1929 feature film with a synchronized score and sound effects that was photographed partially in Technicolor. Color was used for the scenes taking place on the Indians' land, while black and white was used only in the scenes in the white man's world.
Redspotted catshark The redspotted catshark, Schroederichthys chilensis, also known as the Chilean catshark, is commonly found in the coastal waters of the southeastern Pacific, from central Peru to southern Chile. They are typically found in the rocky sublittoral areas at the edge of the continental shelf, in waters down to 100 m in depth.
Redstockings Redstockings, also known as Redstockings of the Women's Liberation Movement, is a radical feminist group that was most active during the 1970s. The word is a neologism, combining the term bluestocking, a pejoritive term for intellectual women, with "red", for its association with the revolutionary left.
Redstone Old Fort Redstone Old Fort was the name of a wooden fort built in the 1700s by English explorers on a mound (called an "old fort") overlooking the eastern shore of the Monongahela River, in what is now Brownsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.
Reduce Impaired Driving Everywhere Reduce Impaired Driving Everywhere or RIDE is a sobriety testing program used by police in Canada. The program began in 1977 as Reduce Impaired Driving in Etobicoke and the success of the program lead to the expansion across the province of Ontario.
Reduced enamel epithelium The reduced enamel epithelium, sometimes called reduced dental epithelium, overlies a developing tooth and is formed by two layers: a layer of ameloblast cells and the adjacent layer of cuboidal cells from the dental lamina. As the cells of the reduced enamel epithelium degenerate, the tooth is revealed progressively with its eruption into the mouth.
Reduced Gradient Bubble Model The Reduced Gradient Bubble Model is a decompression algorithm used in several dive computers, particularly those made by Suunto and Mares. It is characterised by the assumption of asymmetric offgassing and compensation for nitrogen microbubbles, which can reduce the rate of offgassing.
Reduced homology In mathematics, reduced homology is a minor modification made to homology theory in algebraic topology, designed to make a point have all its homology groups zero. This change is required to make statements without some number of exceptional cases (Alexander duality being an example).
Reduced instruction set computer The reduced instruction set computer, or RISC, is a CPU design philosophy that favors a reduced instruction set as well as a simpler set of instructions. The most common RISC microprocessors are Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR, MIPS, PA-RISC, PIC, Power Architecture, and SPARC.
Reduced mass Reduced mass is the "effective" mass appearing in the two-body problem of Newtonian mechanics. This is a quantity with the units of mass, which allows the two-body problem to be solved as if it were a one-body problem.
Reduced Vertical Separation Minima Reduced Vertical Separation Minima or Minimums (RVSM) is an aviation term used to describe the reduction of the standard vertical separation required between aircraft flying at levels from FL290 (29,000 ft.) and FL410 (41,000 ft.
Reduced-carrier transmission Reduced-carrier transmission is an amplitude modulation (AM) transmission in which the carrier wave level is reduced to reduce wasted electrical power. Suppressed-carrier transmission is a special case in which the carrier level is reduced below that required for demodulation by a normal receiver.
Reducing agent A reducing agent (also called a reductant or reducer) is the element or a compound in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction (see electrochemistry) that reduces another species. In doing so, it becomes oxidized, and is therefore the electron donor in the redox.

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