Encyclopedia

Resistance (psychology) "Resistance" as initially used by Sigmund Freud, referred to patients blocking memories from conscious memory. This was a key concept, since Freud's talk therapy's primary treatment method required making these memories available to the patient's consciousness.
Resistance (socialist youth organisation) Resistance is a Marxist-oriented socialist youth organisation with branches throughout Australia and its national headquarters in Sydney. Resistance works closely with the Democratic Socialist Perspective (DSP), a tendency within the Socialist Alliance, though it is said to be formally independent.
Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge was a small battle fought between small forces of the Chinese army and militias against the Japanese Imperial Army and collaborationist forces, after the Mukden Incident in which Manchuria was lost to Japan. It was the beginning of the Jiangqiao Campaign.
Resistance during World War II Resistance during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda to hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. Resistance movements are sometimes also referred to as "the underground".
Resistance movement A resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups, dedicated to fighting an invader in an occupied country through either the use of physical force, or nonviolence. The term resistance has political overtones, as people have used it (and historically, other terms like it) to drum up support in opposition to foreign occupation.
Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement The Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement (Portuguese: Resistência da Guiné-Bissau-Movimento Bafatá) is a political party in Guinea-Bissau. Founded in 1986 as the Bafatá Movement (Movimento Bafatá), after the assassination of 6 public figures, amongst them Coronel Paulo Correia and Dr.
Resistance Productions Resistance Productions was a Swiss based anarcho-punk record label that championed the DIY punk ethic with releases by bands such as Earth Citizens and Protest, and a series of international punk compilation tapes entitled Punk is..... In 1994 they also released Bullshit Detector volume 4, a continuation of the project originally set up by Crass Records during the early 1980s.
Resistance Records Resistance Records is a music label which produces and sells music by Neo-Nazi musicians, primarily through its website. Advertising itself as "The Soundtrack For White Revolution," Resistance Records also publishes a magazine called Resistance Magazine, and is a subsidiary of the National Alliance (itself a subsidiary of National Vanguard Books, Inc).
Resistance Stretching Resistance Stretching, also known as Meridian Stretching, is a form of stretching in which a muscle simultaneously contracts and elongates. The technique is a part of the Meridian Flexibility System, founded by Bob Cooley.
Resistance thermometer Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), are temperature sensors that exploit the predictable change in electrical resistance of some materials with changing temperature. As they are almost invariably made of platinum, they are often called platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs).
Resistance to antiviral drugs In the context of virology, resistance or drug resistance refers to the lack of response of a population of viruses to an antiviral drug or treatment. This phenomenon is similar to Antibiotic resistance exhibited by populations of bacteria.
Resistance to interrogation R2I or resistance to interrogation is a name for a set of techniques taught to UK, USA and other NATO soldiers ostensibly to help them, after capture by the enemy, to resist interrogation techniques such as humiliation and torture.
Resistance training Resistance training has two different, sometimes confused meanings - a more broad meaning that refers to any training that uses a resistance to the force of muscular contraction (better termed strength training), and elastic or hydraulic resistance, which refers to a specific type of strength training that uses elastic or hydraulic tension to provide this resistance. This article discusses the more limited definition, of elastic/hydraulic resistance training.
Resistance welding Resistance welding refers to a group of welding processes that produce coalescence of faying surfaces where heat to form the weld is generated by the resistance of the welding current through the workpieces. Some factors influencing heat or welding temperatures are the proportions of the workpieces, the electrode materials, electrode geometry, electrode pressing force, weld current and weld time, etc.
Resistance wire Resistance wire is electrical wire that is used for its high resistance. Resistance wire is usually used for resistor and heating elements, which produce heat used in electric heaters, electric ovens and toasters.
Resistance, Rebellion, and Death Resistance, Rebellion, and Death was a 1961 book collecting essays written by Albert Camus and selected by the author prior to his death. The essays here generally involve conflicts near the Mediterranean, with an emphasis on his home country Algeria, and on the Algerian War of Independence in particular.
Resistant starch Resistant starch (RS) is starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine of healthy individuals.1 Resistant starch is considered the third type of dietary fiber, as it can deliver some of the benefits of insoluble fiber and some of the benefits of soluble fiber.
Resistants (comics) The Resistants, also known as Mutant Force are a fictional supervillain group in the Marvel Comics universe. They were originally the second incarnation of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, but have become completely independent of the other incarnations of that group, except that they were originally gathered by Magneto.
Resistentialism Resistentialism is a theory in which inanimate objects display hostile desires towards human beings. For example, objects that cause problems (like lost keys or a fleeing bouncy ball) exhibit a high degree of resistentialism.
Resisting unlawful arrest Resisting unlawful arrest is a possible justification for breaking the law. Defendants who use this defense are arguing that they should not be held liable for a crime, since the actions taken were intended to protect them from an unlawful arrest.
Resistive circuit A resistive circuit is an electrical circuit designed to use resistance as a means of controlling the behavior of the electrical current in the circuit. A light bulb is an example of a useful resistive circuit.
Resistive force In physics, a resistive force is a force that acts on a body due to its motion relative to other bodies with which it is in contact, whose direction is opposite to the velocity of the body (or in static friction, opposite to the sum of the other forces).
Resistivity Electrical resistivity (also known as specific electrical resistance) is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows the movement of electrical charge.
Resistor-transistor logic Resistor-transistor logic (RTL) is a class of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors (BJT), and resistors; it is the earliest transistorized digital logic used. It is called resistor-transistor logic because the logic gating function (e.
ResKnife ResKnife is an open source resource editor for the Mac platform. It supports reading and writing resource maps to any fork (data, resource or otherwise) and has basic template-based and hexadecimal editing functionality.
Resnik (crater) Resnik is a small lunar crater that is located within the interior of the huge Apollo impact basin, on the Moon's far side. Apollo is a double-ringed formation with a central floor that has been flooded with basaltic-lava.
ResNet A ResNet (or Resnet), which stands for residential network, is a relatively large local area network (LAN) or a metropolitan area network (MAN) provided by a university that serves the personal computers of students in their halls of residence, residence halls, or dormitory buildings. ResNet may also refer to the department who administers such a network or the services provided via the network.
Resocialization Resocialization is a sociological concept dealing with the process of mentally and emotionally "re-training" a person so that he or she can operate in an environment other than that which he or she is accustomed to. Key examples include the process of resocializing new recruits into the military so that they can operate as soldiers (or, in other words, as members of a cohesive unit) and the reverse process, in which those who have become accustomed to such roles return to society after military discharge.
Resolute, Nunavut Resolute (Inuktitut:Qausuittuq, sometimes Resolute Bay) is a small Inuit hamlet on Cornwallis Island in Nunavut, Canada. It is situated at the northern end of Resolute Bay and the Northwest Passage and is part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region.
Resolution (logic) In mathematical logic and automated theorem proving, resolution is a rule of inference leading to a refutation theorem-proving technique for sentences in propositional logic and first-order logic. It was introduced by Alan Robinson in 1965.
Resolution 4223 House Joint Resolution 4223 is a ballot measure which proposes to amend the Washington State Constitution to increase the exemption on personal property tax from $3,000 to $15,000. The resolution was unanimously approved by both houses of the Washington State Legislature, and by Washington law it must be now approved by the people.
Resolution enhancement technology Resolution enhancement technology (RET) is a form of image processing technology used to manipulate dot characteristics popular among laser printer and inkjet printer manufacturers. Closely related RET techniques are also used in VLSI photolithography manufacturing technology, in particular in relation to 90 nanometre technology.
Resolution independence Resolution independence is the concept that elements on a computer screen can be measured in terms of actual units, such as centimeters or inches, instead of in pixels. It is a feature speculated to be included in many next-generation operating systems, such as Mac OS X Leopard.
Resolution on Taiwan's Future The Resolution on Taiwan's Future () is a document ratified by the Democratic Progressive Party during its eighth annual national assembly on May 7-8, 1999 in the southern port-city of Kaohsiung. It signifies a milestone of the position of DPP toward Taiwan's future, and is the source of principles of the ROC government under the rule of DPP.
Resolution Trust Corporation The Resolution Trust Corporation was a US government-owned asset management company mandated to liquidate assets (primarily real estate-related assets, including mortgage loans) that had been assets of savings and loan associations ("S&Ls") declared insolvent by the Office of Thrift Supervision. It also took over the insurance functions of the former Federal Home Loan Bank Board.
Resolvable space In topology, a topological space is said to be resolvable if it is expressible as the union of two disjoint dense subsets. For instance, the real numbers form a resolvable topological space because the rationals and irrationals are disjoint dense subsets.
Resolvconf In Linux and related computer operating systems, the resolvconf program keeps track of system information about the currently available nameservers. It should not be confused with the configuration file resolv.
Resolved sideband cooling Resolved sideband cooling is a laser cooling technique that can be used to cool strongly trapped atoms to the quantum ground state of their motion. The atoms are usually precooled using the Doppler laser cooling.
Resolvent set In linear algebra, the resolvent set of a linear operator, L, is the set {λ} such that the range of L-lambda is dense and has a continuous inverse, denoted R(λ, L). That is, the resolvent set of L is the set of all λ such that (L-lambda)^{-1} exists and is bounded.
Resolvins Resolvins are compounds that are made by the human body from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). They are produced by the COX-2 pathway especially in the presence of aspirin.
Resonance (chemistry) Resonance in chemistry is a tool used (predominantly in organic chemistry) to represent certain types of molecular structures. Resonance is a key component of valence bond theory and arises when no single conventional model using only single, double or triple bonds can account for all the observed properties of the molecule.
Resonance FM Resonance 104.4 FM is a London based non-profit community radio station run by the London Musicians Collective (LMC) which started broadcasting on 2002-05-01 as part of the UK Radio Authority's Access Radio Pilot Scheme.
Resonant room modes Resonant room modes affect the low frequency response of a sound system at the listening position. They are actually one of the biggest obstacles to high fidelity reproduction with modern equipment as they exist to varying degrees in all rooms and can only be reduced by the use of very big and bulky absorbent materials — like the foam wedges used in anechoic chambers.
Resonant strings Resonant strings are thin auxiliary strings found on many (Asian) Indian musical instruments, as well as some Western Renaissance-era instruments. They are typically not played directly by the performer (except occasionally as an effect) but instead resonate along with the main strings played on an instrument.
Resonant trans-Neptunian object In astronomy, a resonant Trans-Neptunian Object is a Trans-Neptunian Object (TNO) in mean motion orbital resonance with Neptune. The orbital periods of the resonant objects are in a simple integer relations with the period of Neptune e.
Resorcinarene A resorcinarene (also resorcarene or calix[4]resorcinarene) is a macrocycle, or a cyclic oligomer, based on the condensation of resorcinol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) and an aldehyde. Resorcinarenes are a type of calixarene.
Resorcinol Resorcinol (or resorcin) is the 1,3-isomer of benzenediol. It is also known with a variety of other names, including: m-dihydroxybenzene, 1,3-benzenediol, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 3-hydroxyphenol, m-hydroquinone, m-benzenediol, and 3-hydroxycyclohexadien-1-one.
Resort town A resort town, sometimes called a resort destination, is a town or area where tourism or vacationing is a primary component of the local culture and economy. Most resort towns have one or more actual resorts in or nearby, although some places are considered resort towns merely because of their popularity among tourists.
Resort wear Resort wear is a specialized clothing style, as well as a year-round fashion "season". Sometimes known as "cruise wear", it was not long ago resort collections were worn only by "jet set" celebrities who would purchase such garments while on vacation in warm-weather climates.
Resort World Resorts World Bhd started in the year of 1980 in Malaysia. In 1989, Genting Group and Resorts World underwent a restructuring exercise, which resulted in Resorts World acquiring from Genting Group of its entire gaming, hotel and resort-related operations inclusive of goodwill and other relevant assets.
Resortes Adalberto Martínez Chávez (1916 - April 4, 2003), better known in the entertainment world as Resortes, was a renowned Mexican actor. Known primarily for his talent as a comedian, Resortes was also an accomplished dancer.
Resorts Atlantic City Resorts Atlantic City is a hotel, casino, and spa in Atlantic City, New Jersey owned by Colony Capital, LLC and is managed through its gaming subsidiary Colony RIH Holdings, Inc.. Resorts was the first casino hotel in Atlantic City, becoming the first legal casino in the eastern part of the United States, when it opened on May 26, 1978.
Resource (project management) In project management terminology, resources are required to carry out the project tasks. They can be people, equipment, facilities, funding, or anything else capable of definition (usually other than labour) required for the completion of a project activity.
Resource (Web) The concept of Resource is primitive in the Web architecture, and is used in the definition of its fundamental elements. The term was first introduced to refer to targets of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), but its definition has been further extended to include the referent of any Uniform Resource Identifier (RFC 3986), or Internationalized Resource Identifier (RFC 3987).
Resource acquisition ability Resource acquisition ability (RAA) is a term in social psychology and the sexual opposite of the reproductive value, introducing an unintentional mechanism used by women when selecting a male partner. Unlike the reproduction value, the RAA is focused less on genetic information but more on social and cultural factors, like:
Resource allocation In strategic planning, a resource-allocation decision is a plan for using available resources, for example human resources, especially in the near term, to achieve goals for the future. It is the process of allocating resources among the various projects or business units.
Resource allocation (computer) In computing, resource allocation is necessary for any application to be run on the system. When the user opens any program this will be counted as a process, and therefore requires the computer to allocate certain resources for it to be able to run.
Resource Breakdown Structure In project management, the Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS) is a standardized list of personnel resources related by function and arranged in a hierarchical structure. The Resource Breakdown Structure standardizes the Departments personnel resources to facilitate planning and controlling of project work.
Resource construction set A resource construction set is a computer program with a relatively easy to use point-and-click interface for creating and editing data structures representing GUI widgets for programs running under GEM. The original resource construction set, GEM RCS, was written by Digital Research.
Resource curse The resource curse refers to the paradox that countries with an abundance of natural resources tend to have less economic growth than countries without these natural resources. This may happen for many different reasons, including a decline in the competitiveness of other economic sectors (caused by appreciation of the real exchange rate as resource revenues enter an economy); volatility of revenues from the natural resource sector, and government mismanagement provoked by the inflows of easy windfalls from the resource sector.
Resource dependence theory The procurement of external resources is an important tenet of both the strategic and tactical management of any company. Nevertheless, a theory of the consequences of this importance was not formalized until the 1970s, with the publication of The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (Pfeffer and Salancik 1978).
Resource Description Framework Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a family of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) specifications originally designed as a metadata model using XML but which has come to be used as a general method of modeling knowledge, through a variety of syntax formats (XML and non-XML).
Resource economics The field of resource economics includes the study of environmental economics, agricultural production and marketing, bioeconomics, community economic development, resource utilization, and environmental policy.
Resource fork The resource fork is a construct of the Mac OS operating system used to store structured data in a file, alongside unstructured data stored within the data fork. A resource fork stores information in a specific form, such as icons, the shapes of windows, definitions of menus and their contents, and application code (machine code).
Resource management In organizational studies, resource management is the efficient and effective deployment of an organization's resources when they are needed. Such resources may include financial resources, inventory, human skills, production resources, or information technology.
Resource mobilization Resource mobilization is a social theory related to the study of social movements. It focuses on the ability of the members of the movement to acquire resources and mobilize people in order to advance their goals.
Resource Management Act 1991 The Resource Management Act (RMA) is a significant, and at times, controversial Act of Parliament passed in 1991 in New Zealand. The Act controls the use of land, air and water and attempts to minimise the environmental effects of human activity.
Resource Ordering Status System In the United States, the National Wildfire Coordinating Group operates a nationwide, web-based database system for managing wildland firefighting resources. The system, called National Interagency Resource Ordering and Status System or Resource Ordering and Status System, (or simply ROSS), improves efficiency of borrowing and sending home of fire equipment in a large, campaign-type fire.
Resource reservation protocol The Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP), described in RFC 2205, is a network layer protocol designed to reserve resources across a network for an integrated services Internet. "RSVP does not transport application data but is rather an Internet control protocol, like ICMP, IGMP, or routing protocols" - RFC 2205.
Resource-Based Relative Value Scale Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS) is a system used to determine how much money medical providers should be paid. It is currently used by Medicare in the United States and by nearly every Health maintenance organizations (HMOs).
Resource-Based View The Resource-Based View (RBV) is an economic tool used to determine the strategic resources available to a firm. The fundamental principle of the RBV is that the basis for a competitive advantage of a firm lies primarily in the application of the bundle of valuable resources at the firm’s disposal (Wernerfelt, 1984, p172; Rumelt, 1984, p557-558).
Resources of a Resource Resources of a Resource (ROR) is an XML format for describing the content of an internet resource or website in a generic fashion so this content can be better understood by search engines, spiders, web applications, etc. The ROR format provides several pre-defined terms for describing objects like sitemaps, products, events, reviews, jobs, classifieds, etc.
Respecification Respecification (to respec or to respecify) in many MMORPG titles such as Star Wars Galaxies, World of Warcraft, City of Heroes, and City of Villains allows a player to change the attributes of his/her character.
Respect - The Unity Coalition RESPECT The Unity Coalition is a left wing political party in England and Wales founded on January 25, 2004 in London. Its name is a pseudo-recursive backronym standing for Respect, Equality, Socialism, Peace, Environmentalism, Community, and Trade Unionism.
Respect (song) "Respect" is a 1967 hit and the signature song of the R&B singer Aretha Franklin, written and originally released by Volt recording artist Otis Redding in 1965. While Redding wrote the song as a man's plea for respect and recognition from a woman, the roles were reversed for Franklin's version.
Respect agenda The Respect agenda was launched in September 2005 by Tony Blair, who described it as being about ‘putting the law abiding majority back in charge of their communities’. It aims to help central government, local agencies, local communities and citizens work together to build a society in which we can respect one-another, and where anti-social behaviour, when it does occur, is tackled effectively.
Respect diversity The prerogative to respect diversity, often said to "begin with biodiversity" of non-human life, is basic to some 20th century studies such as cultural ecology, Queer studies, and anthropological linguistics.
Respect for Acting Respect for Acting by Uta Hagen (Wiley Publishing, 1973) is used as a textbook in many acting classes. Hagen's instructions and examples guide the aspiring actor through practical problems such as "How do I talk to the audience?
Respect Gundam Respect Gundam (リスペクトガンダム) is a Gundam comic title created by Hiroyuki Tamakoshi, Kenki Fujioka, Tohru Fujisawa, Hiro Mashima, Minoru Sugiyama. It was premiered on the Gundam Magazine bundled with 2006-11 issue of Comic BomBom.
Respect the Wind Respect the Wind is a lengthy keyboard and electric guitar instrumental track written and performed by Edward and Alex Van Halen. It is played over the end credits of the 1996 hit flm Twister and is Alex Van Halen's only-ever credit independent of the band Van Halen
Respiration (physiology) Respiration is the process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide and ATP (energy). Respiration is commonly confused with breathing, but they are not the same.
Respiration organ Breathing / Respiration organs are used by most, or all, animals to exchange the gasses necessary for their life functions, known as respiration. These organs come in many forms, some of them apparently having independently evolved:
Respiratory epithelium Respiratory epithelium is a type of epithelium found lining the upper and lower respiratory tracts, where it serves to moisten and protect the airways. It also functions as a barrier to potential pathogens and foreign objects, preventing infection by action of the ciliary escalator.
Respiratory examination In medicine, the respiratory examination is performed as part of a physical examination, or when a patient presents with a respiratory problem (dyspnea (shortness of breath), cough, chest pain) or a history that suggests a pathology of the lungs.
Respiratory minute volume Respiratory minute volume (or minute ventilation, or flow of gas) is the volume of air which can be inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from a person's lungs in one minute. This is normally registered when a person has a ventilator supporting the person's breathing due to a sickness or injury.
Respiratory pigment A respiratory pigment is an agent that will increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, such as the hemoglobin (red in colour) in humans. The four most common invertebrate respiratory pigments are haemoglobin, haemocyanin, haemerythrin and chlorocruorin.
Respiratory quotient The Respiratory Quotient (or coefficient), is a dimensionless number used in BMR calculations basal metabolic rate when estimated from carbon dioxide production. Such measurements, like measurements of oxygen uptake, are forms of indirect calorimetry.
Respiratory therapy Respiratory therapy is categorized as an allied health profession in the United States and Canada. Respiratory therapists (RTs), also known as Respiratory Care Practitioners (RCP), specialize in the assessment and treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular pathologies.
Respirometer A respirometer is a device used to measure the rate of respiration of a living organism by measuring its rate of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. They allow investigation into how factors such as age or the effect of light affect the rate of respiration.
Respirometry Respirometry is a general term that encompass a number of powerful techniques for obtaining estimates of the rates of metabolism of vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, tissues, cells, or microorganisms via an indirect measure of heat production (calorimetry).
Respite care Respite care is the temporary residential care for a patient with the intention of providing a break for the primary care givers. Respite care may be given in a hospice or alternatively as organised holidays for patients.
Resplendent Quetzal The Resplendent Quetzal, Pharomachrus mocinno is a spectacular bird of the trogon family. It is found from southern Mexico to western Panama (unlike the other quetzals, which are found in South America and eastern Panama).
Respondeat superior "Respondeat superior", Latin for "let the master answer", is a legal doctrine which states that an employer is responsible for employee actions performed within the course of the employment. This rule is also called the "Master-Servant Rule".
Responding to Conflict Responding to Conflict (RTC) is a non-governmental organisation based in Birmingham, England. RTC strives to provide training, advice, and support to people working for peace and human rights in areas affected by war or violent conflict.
Response (liturgy) A response is the second half of one of a set of preces, the said or sung answer by the congregation or choir to a versicle said or sung by an officiant or cantor. In the following opening of the Anglican service of Evening Prayer according to the Book of Common Prayer (BCP), the first line is the versicle and the second is the response.
Response amplitude operator In the field of ship design, A Response Amplitude Operator is an engineering statistic, or set of such statistics plotted graphically, that are used to determine the likely behaviour of a ship when operating at sea. Known by the acronym of RAO, response amplitude operators are usually obtained from models of proposed ship designs tested in a model basin, along with data obtained using computational flow dynamics software applied to a software model of the ship correlated with the actual physical scale model.
Response bias Response bias is a type of cognitive bias which can affect the results of a statistical survey if respondents answer questions in the way they think the questioner wants them to answer rather than according to their true beliefs. This may occur if the questioner is obviously angling for a particular answer (as in push polling) or if the respondent wishes to please the questioner by answering what appears to be the "morally right" answer.
Response Driven Advertising Response Driven Advertising™ is an amalgamation of General Advertising and Direct Marketing disciplines. Taking the best of both, Response Driven Advertising employs highly creative communications which enhance the brand and/or product, while generating arithmetically measurable results.
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) - is a set of published rules that define when cancer patients improve ("respond"), stay the same ("stable"), or worsen ("progression") during treatments. The criteria were published in February, 2000 by an international collaboration including the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the United States, and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.
Response rate Response rate (also known as completion rate or return rate) in survey research refers to the ratio of number of people who answered the survey divided by the number of people in the sample. It is usually expressed in the form of a percentage.

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