Encyclopedia

Top Flight Handicap The Top Flight Handicap is a race for thoroughbred fillies and mares, age three and up, willing to race the one mile on the dirt. The Top Flight is run each year at Aqueduct Racetrack for a purse of $150,000 and is a Grade II event.
Top Forty The Top Forty or Top 40 is a music industry shorthand for the currently most-popular songs in a particular genre. When used without qualification, it typically refers to the best-selling or most frequently broadcast pop music songs.
Top Gear The current format of Top Gear is an Emmy Award and BAFTA winning BBC television series about motor vehicles, particularly cars. The programme is estimated to have over 350 million viewers worldwide, 5 million of whom watch the programme each week in the UK on BBC Two.
Top Gear (original format) Top Gear in its original 30 minute format was a BBC television series about cars made by BBC Pebble Mill in Birmingham . It consisted of 30-minute magazine format programmes which were presented by a number of people, including Angela Rippon, Noel Edmonds, William Woollard and most recently Jeremy Clarkson, and ran from 1977 to 2001.
Top Gear Motorsport Top Gear Motorsport was a spin-off programme of Top Gear broadcast by the BBC covering motorsport. The show was presented by former-Formula One driver and Top Gear presenter Tiff Needell programme covered a wide variety of motor racing categories, including the World Rally Championship], the [[British Rally Championship, British Formula Three, Formula Renault and Formula Vauxhall Junior, British Superbikes and Eurocars.
Top Gear OverDrive Top Gear OverDrive is a racing simulator released in 1998 for the Nintendo 64 and the sequel to Top Gear Rally. This game had support for high-resolution graphics if used with the Expansion Pak and featured music from a band known as Grindstone.
Top Gun (Paramount Canada's Wonderland) Top Gun is a steel, inverted roller coaster, located at Paramount Canada's Wonderland in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. It is based on the 1986 film Top Gun, and is meant to simulate the feeling of riding in an F-14 fighter jet.
Top Gun Talwar Jonathan Talwar, better known as Top Gun Talwar is an American professional wrestler from Southern California best known from Pro Wrestling Guerrilla. His character is that of an overly-stimuilated drug abuser with Tourette syndrome.
Top hat A top hat or top-hat (sometimes also known by the nickname "topper") is a kind of tall, flat-crowned, broad-brimmed hat worn by men throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, now usually worn only with morning dress or evening dress. The first top hat was made by John Hetherington in 1797; the hats became popular in the 1820s.
Top hat inversion A Top hat inversion, also called an Inside top hat, is a roller coaster element in which the trains executes a top hat while going under the track as it clears the top of the "hat". A standard top hat consists of what is essentially a hill with a 90 degree ascent and descent which a train exits going in the direction from which it entered.
Top Hat Top Hat is a 1935 musical comedy romance film in which Fred Astaire plays an American dancer named Jerry Travers, who comes to London to star in a show produced by Horace Hardwick (Edward Everett Horton). He meets and attempts to impress Dale Tremont (Ginger Rogers) to win her affection.
Top Heatseekers Top Heatseekers is a weekly albums chart introduced by Billboard in 1993 whose purpose is to highlight sales by new and developing musical recording artists. Albums appearing on Top Heatseekers may also concurrently appear on The Billboard 200.
Top Chef (Season 1) Season 1 of Top Chef was taped in October and November 2005 in San Francisco, California. Twelve contestants from around the United States lived together in a house for approximately 21 days competing in a series of challenges.
Top Industrial Managers for Europe 'TIME', which means "Top Industrial Managers for Europe", is a network of european universities and Grande Ecole founded in 1988 following an idea of Ecole Centrale Paris. Its goal is to promote double-diploma curriculum through student exchanges between leading european institutions in the field of engineering.
Top of the Mark The Top of the Mark is a rooftop bar located at the top of the Mark Hopkins Intercontinental Hotel on San Francisco's Nob Hill. Located at the highest point of downtown San Francisco, California, USA, on fog-free days the Top of the Mark features spectacular views of the financial district, Chinatown, North Beach, San Francisco Bay, and especially of Grace Cathedral and Huntington Park.
Top of the Pops (New Zealand TV series) Top of the Pops is a New Zealand music chart series that counts down the chart and has many of the artist perform live. The New Zealand series was first hosted by Alex Behan then later in 2005 was hosted by Bede Skinner and is interlinked with the UK version of the show.
Top of the World (Brandy song) "Top of the World" is an R&B song written by Rodney Jerkins, Fred Jerkins III, LaShawn Daniels, Traci Hale, Isaac Phillips, Nycolia Turman, Mason Betha for Brandy's sophomore studio album Never Say Never (1998). Produced by Jerkins and performed with rapper Ma$e, the song was released as an airplay single only in the United States and because of chart rules about not having airplay-only singles to chart caused the single to not chart on the Billboard Hot 100.
Top of the World Highway The Top of the World Highway, 105 kilometres (66 miles) long, connects West Dawson (across the Yukon River from Dawson City) in the Yukon Territory with the Alaska, USA border, where it joins the Taylor Highway (Alaska Route 5). The highway existed at least as long ago as 1955, and possibly longer, as it was the only road access to Dawson City until completion of the Klondike Highway in late 1955 from Stewart Crossing.
Top One Percent Society [px]The Top One Percent Society (TOPS) is a high IQ society, at the 99th percentile of intelligence, dedicated to the intellectual stimulation and growth of its members. To this effect a journal (Termite) to which any member can submit letters, essays, poems or art, has been set in place.
Top Pop Catalog Albums Top Pop Catalog Albums is a weekly albums chart produced by Billboard magazine which ranks the best selling catalog titles, regardless of genre. Billboard defines a catalog title as one that is more than two years old and that has fallen below position 100 on the Billboard 200.
Top quark The top quark is the third-generation up-type quark with a charge of +(2/3)e. It was discovered in 1995 by the CDF and D0 experiments at Fermilab, and is by far the most massive of known elementary particles.
Top quark condensate The top quark condensate theory is an alternative to the Standard Model in which a fundamental scalar Higgs field is replaced by a composite field composed of the top quark and its antiquark. The top quark is chosen because it is the most massive among all quarks (its mass, 173 GeV, is comparable to the electroweak scale).
Top roping Top-rope climbing (or Top roping) is a technique in climbing in which the rope drapes thru the belayer at the foot of the route through one or more carabiners connected to an anchor at the top of the route and back down to the climberAssuming that the anchor holds, the route is predominantly bottom-to-top and the belayer pays attention, the climber cannot fall more than a short distance and can safely attempt the most difficult routes. Most top rope anchors can be reached through non-technical routes.
Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums The Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart was established by Billboard magazine in 1984. It replaced the long since defunct Black Albums chart which was no longer a reliable chart because the musicial landscape had changed so much since the inception of the Black Albums chart decades earlier.
Top Secret Bounty and Clues Top Secret Bountry and Clues, also known as Blues and Clues is a demo CD which is only being sold at shows of The Slackers' organist/lead singer, Vic Ruggiero. The album was informally released in 2006 and resembles a mix of country and blues songs.
Top Shelf Productions Top Shelf Productions is one of the critically-acclaimed independent press publishers of graphic novels and comics, owned by publishers Chris Staros and Brett Warnock. Since 1997, Top Shelf has published over 150 graphic novels and comics that have helped to revitalize interest in comics as a literary art form.
Top Spin 2 Top Spin 2 (2006) is part of a popular Top Spin Tennis series of video games developed by PAM Development and Indie Built and published by 2K Sports for the Xbox and Xbox 360. The game will also be available for Microsoft Windows, the PC version being released by Aspyr Media, in Q1 2007.
Top Spin Tennis Top Spin (2003) and Top Spin 2 (2006) are a popular series of award-winning tennis video games developed by PAM Development and Indie Built and published by Microsoft for the Xbox and Xbox 360. Atari published the first Top Spin game for the PC in November 2004.
Top Station Top Station is on the border of Idukki_district, Kerala and Dindigul_district, Tamilnadu, located at (10 degrees 8' N, 77 degrees 17'E). Its elevation of 1,700 meters is the highest point on the Munnar-Kodaikanal road and the highest roadway elevation in South India.
Top type The top type in type theory, commonly abbreviated as top or by the down tack symbol (⊤) is the universal type--that type which contains every possible object in the type system of interest. The top type is sometimes called the universal supertype as all other types in any given type system are subtypes of top.
Top Ten Lists of Roger Ebert Each year since 1967 (excluding 2006Ebert's Four-Star Movies of 2006, due to illness), Roger Ebert has released a top 10 list of his favorite movies from the current year.Ebert's 10 Best Lists: 1967-Present Ebert also released a list of his all-time top 10 movies in 1991.
Top Thrill Dragster Top Thrill Dragster is a steel, hydraulically-launched roller coaster known as an "Accelerator Coaster" located at Cedar Point Amusement Park in Sandusky, Ohio. It was built by Intamin AG and debuted to the public on May 4th, 2003.
Top-down parsing Top-down parsing is a strategy of analyzing unknown data relationships by hypothesizing general parse tree structures and then considering whether the known fundamental structures are compatible with the hypothesis. It occurs in the analysis of both natural languages and computer languages.
Top-down parsing language Top-Down Parsing Language (TDPL) is a type of analytic formal grammar developed by Alexander Birman in the early 1970s in order to study formally the behavior of a common class of practical top-down parsers that support a limited form of backtracking. Birman originally named his formalism the TMG Schema (TS), after TMG, an early parser generator, but the formalism was later given the name TDPL by Aho and Ullman in their classic anthology The Theory of Parsing, Translation and Compiling.
Top-down perspective Top-down perspective, also sometimes referred to as bird's-eye view or helicopter view, is a camera angle used in computer and video games that shows the player and the area around him or her from above. It is most often used in 2D role playing computer and video games, and simulation games such as Civilization and Railroad Tycoon.
Top-down shooter A top-down shooter (sometimes shortened to TDS, and also known as a top-view shooter) is a genre of computer and video games in which the player is displayed from above, or a top-down perspective. This genre is not common in mainstream gaming, instead, games of this type are usually created by hobbyists or non-profit teams.
Top-hat shim A top-hat shim (lash cap US) is a small inverted hardened-metal cup placed atop a valve stem. Varying thicknesses of top-hat shims are used to adjust valve clearances in a similar fashion to standard flat disc shims (as used in Fiat SOHC/DOHC, Volvo and early Jaguar engines) where the cam-lobe operates directly on the valve without an intermediate rocker-arm.
Top-up fees Top-up fees (not their official name) are a new way of charging tuition to undergraduate and PGCE students who study at universities in England and Wales from the 2006-2007 academic year onwards. Students who started degree courses before this year continue to pay the old fees.
Top-ups In business, a top-up is a variation of a company’s stock repurchase program for common shareholders. Although this buyback reduces voting power of its shareholder, the shareholder may subsequently increase its holdings, called a top-up.
Top7 Top7 is an artificial 93-amino acid protein designed by David Baker's laboratory at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. The protein was designed ab initio on a computer with the help of protein structure prediction algorithms.
Topacio Topacio (1984) was a Venezuelan telenovela that was produced by and seen on Venezuela's Radio Caracas Televisión. It was written by Benilde Avila, Milagros del Valle, Ana Mercedes Escámez, and Delia Fiallo and directed by Luis Alberto Lamata and Luis Manzo.
Topaz Topaz is a mineral, a nesosilicate of aluminium and fluorine with the chemical formula Al2SiO4(F,OH)2. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and its crystals are mostly prismatic terminated by pyramidal and other faces, the basal pinacoid often being present.
Topaz Relocation Center The Topaz Relocation Center was an internment camp which housed Nikkei -- Americans of Japanese descent and immigrants who had come to the United States from Japan. There were a number of internment camps used during the Second World War, under the control of the War Relocation Authority.
Topaz Trollhopper Topaz Trollhopper is a fictional character in the American animated television series Trollz. She is a member of the BFFL (Best Friends For Life), a group of teenage girls who are able to utilize the ancient magic known as the "Power of the Five".
Topčider Topčider (Serbian Cyrillic: Топчидер) is a park-forest and an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is divided between in the municipalities of Čukarica, Rakovica and Savski Venac.
Topčiderska reka The Topčiderska reka or colloquially Topčiderka (Serbian Cyrillic: Топчидерска река or Топчидерка) is a river in north-central Serbia, a 30 km-long right tribtuary to the Sava river to which it flows in the urban section of Belgrade. It is one of the 40 rivers, streams and creeks that flow or used to flow through Belgrade (majority of them is conducted underground into the city sewage system).
Topčidersko Brdo Topčidersko Brdo (Serbian Cyrillic: Топчидерско Брдо) is an urban neighborhood and former municipality of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Savski Venac.
Topco Associates, LLC Topco Associates, LLC is a cooperative owned by other retailers' cooperatives and independent grocery stores and chains. It provides the services of procurement, quality assurance, packaging, and other services for retailers, wholesalers, and foodservice companies.
Topdog vs. Underdog Topdog vs. Underdog is a phrase coined by Fritz Perls, the father of Gestalt Therapy, to describe a self-torture game that people play with themselves in order to avoid the anxiety that they encounter in their environment.
Topeka & Shawnee County Public Library The Topeka & Shawnee County Public Library is a public library located in Topeka, Kansas. It serves all of Shawnee County, Kansas with the exception of the Rossville, Kansas and Silver Lake, Kansas townships.
Topeka Capitals Former member of the Jayhawk Collegiate League is a summer baseball league The team was formed in 1993 and was part of the National Baseball Congress. The Capitals played at Falley Field on the Campus of Washburn University in Topeka, Kansas.
Topeka Constitution The Topeka Convention, held in October 1855, was the first attempt to establish a constitution for Kansas Territory. The convention was organized by Free-Staters seeking to subvert the official (proslavery) territorial legislature, which was elected in March 1855 in polling suffering widely from electoral fraud.
Topeka Public Schools Topeka Public Schools (Kansas Unified School District 501) (known locally as 'TPS') is the school district for Topeka, the capital city of Kansas. Serving 13,505 students in the 2006-2007 school year, the district comprises 4 high schools, 7 middle schools, 21 elementary schools, and 4 other schools for students outside mainstream K-12.
Topfreedom Topfreedom is a social movement which seeks to accord women the right to go topless in public should they so choose, where men have the equivalent right. Examples of public spaces which might be covered include beaches, swimming pools and parks.
Toph Toph Bei Fong (北方 托芙) is a fictional character in the Nickelodeon animated television series Avatar: The Last Airbender. She is a blind earthbending master who has agreed to teach Aang earthbending to help him fulfill his duty as the Avatar, and to restore balance to the world by defeating the imperialistic Fire Nation.
Tophel Tophel or Tofel (תפל) was an Edomite town mentioned in the Hebrew Bible: "These are the words Moses spoke to all Israel in the desert east of the Jordan — that is, in the Arabah — opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth and Dizahab." (Deuteronomy 1:1).
Topher Grace Christopher "Topher" Grace (born July 12, 1978) is an American actor, perhaps best known for playing the lead role on the situation comedy That '70s Show as Eric Forman during the show's first seven seasons.
Tophet TophetSeen in Isaiah 30:33 in the Old Testament is a location near Jerusalem where according to the Bible, the Canaanites sacrificed children to the god Moloch by burning them alive. It is thought to be a specific geographic location within the valley of Gehenna.
Topheth Topheth (tō´feth; התּפת; ha-tōpheth; etymology uncertain) most probably is connected with a root word meaning “burning” - the "place of burning"; the King James Version, Tophet, except in 2 Kings 23:10. The references are to such a place: “They have built the high places of Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire” (Jeremiah 7:31).
Tophill Tophill is a gently sloping area of land on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. Rising from sea level at Portland Bill to 495 feet near HMP the Verne at its northern end, Tophill contains the town of Easton and the villages of Weston, Southwell, the Grove and Wakeham.
Tophouse Tophouse, also known as Tophouse Settlement, is a rural locality in the Tasman District of New Zealand's South Island, some 8km northeast of Saint Arnaud. It is named after a hotel established in the 19th century to service drovers transporting their sheep between Canterbury and Marlborough.
Tophus A tophus (Latin: "stone", plural tophi) is a deposit of crystallised monosodium urate in people with longstanding hyperuricemia. At this stage, most have already developed symptoms of the associated crystal arthopathy known as gout.
Topi (town) Topi is a small town in NWFP, Pakistan. It is the birth place of Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan, who was the pioneer of modern education in the Frontier Province and is located near the world's largest earth-filled dam, Tarbela Dam, which is also the largest hydroelectric generation project in Pakistan.
Topiary Topiary is the art of creating sculptures using clipped trees, shrubs and sub-shrubs. The word derives from the Latin word for an ornamental landscape gardener, topiarius, creator of topia or "places", a Greek word that Romans applied also to fictive indoor landscapes executed in fresco.
Topic marker A topic marker is a grammatical particle found in the Japanese and Korean languages used to mark the topic of a sentence. This often overlaps with the subject of the sentence, causing confusion with learners, as most other languages lack it.
Topic-prominent language A topic-prominent language is one that organizes its syntax so that sentences have a topic-comment (or theme-rheme) structure, where the topic is the thing being talked about (predicated) and the comment is what is said about the topic. This structure is independent of the syntactic ordering of subject, verb and object, and may be marked by word order (typically mentioning the topic first thing in the sentence, and then the comment), or by explicit morphology (as in Japanese with the clitic particle wa).
Topical In medicine, a topical medication is applied to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes such as the vagina, penis, anus, throat, eye or the ear. Some hydrophobic chemicals such as steroid hormones can be absorbed into the body after being applied to the skin in the form of a cream, gel or lotion.
Topical anesthetic A topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part. They can be used to numb the front of the eye, the inside of the nose, the throat, the skin, the ear, the anus, and the genital area Topical anesthetics are available in creams, ointments, aerosols, sprays, lotions, and jellies [http://www.
Topical decongestant Topical decongestants are decongestants applied directly to the nasal cavity. By applying them directly to the site of action, topical decongestants relieve nasal congestion while reducing the side effects associated with systemically-acting decongestants, such as high blood pressure.
Topical song A topical song is a song that comments on current political and social events. Typically, these songs offer a mix of narrative and commentary, although some (such as Neil Young's song "Ohio", reacting to the Kent State shootings) assume that the events are so well known that only commentary is called for.
Topical stamp collecting Topical or thematic stamp collecting is the practice of collecting postage stamps relating to a particular subject or concept. Topics may include almost anything, from birds on stamps, to famous physicians, to the history of southwest England.
Topicality (policy debate) Topicality is a stock issue in policy debate which pertains to whether or not the plan affirms the resolution as worded. To contest the topicality of the affirmative, the negative interprets a word or words in the resolution and argues that the affirmative does not meet that definition, that the interpretation is preferable, and that it should be a voting issue.
Topicity In chemistry, topicity refers to the stereochemical relationship of substituents relative to the structure to which they are attached. Depending on the relationship, such groups can be homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic.
Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl The legend of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl is debated by anthropologists studying the ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica. The historical and mythological representations of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl continued to play a formative role in later Mesoamerican cultures and are still part of contemporary beliefs.
Topim, Cape Verde Topim (also in SĂŁo Vicente, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: Topin), is a village located in the eastern part of the island capital of Mindelo in the island of Sao Vicente, Cape Verde. The location is south of the heart of the island.
Toplica River The Toplica (Serbian Cyrillic: Топлица) is the river in southern Serbia. The river is 130 km long and gives its name to the whole region it flows through, which constitutes most of the modern Toplica District of Serbia.
Toploader Toploader were a British rock band from Eastbourne, formed in 1997. They are best known for their cover of King Harvest's song, "Dancing in the Moonlight", a remix of which (the "Radio Edit" remixed by StarGate) reached the Top Ten in the UK Singles Chart.
Toploader Transmission A Toploader transmission is a manually shifted three and four speed gearbox introduced in 1964 by Ford Motor Company to replace the BorgWarner T-10. It was used in most Fords and Mercurys from 1964 until 1973 as well as some foreign models.
TopLink TopLink is an object-relational mapping package for Java developers. It provides a powerful and flexible framework for storing Java objects in a relational database or for converting Java objects to XML documents.
Topmost Topmost was a Finnish rock band founded in 1966, becoming the most popular band in Finland in the following year. Its members were Heimo "Holle" Holopainen (bass, background vocals), Kristian "Kisu" Jernström (drums, background vocals), Vasilij "Gugi" Kokljuschkin (vocals), Eero Lupari (guitar, background vocals), Harri Saksala (vocals, saxophone), Arto "Poku" Tarkkonen (keyboards).
Topo de Coroa Topo de Coroa, also Tope de Coroa (latter part: Portuguese for crown, Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: Topi di Koroa, SĂŁo Vicente) is the island's tallest and Cape Verde's second tallest mountain and is in the western portion of Santo AntĂŁo. Its height is 1,979 m.
Topo Gigio Topo Gigio was the lead character of a children's puppet show on Italian television, in the early 1960s. It was created by artist Maria Perego in 1958 and has been customarily voiced by actor Giuseppe (Peppino) Mazzullo.
Topock, Arizona Topock is a small town in Arizona south of Bullhead and ESE of Needles, California on the California-Arizona border. Topock is best known for being a boating town as well as being home to an old Route 66 bridge featured in the classic film The Grapes of Wrath.
Topographic map Topographic maps are a variety of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines in modern mapping, but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both natural and man-made features,"A topographic map is a detailed and accurate graphic representation of cultural and natural features on the ground.
Topographic map (Neuroanatomy) A topographic map is the ordered projection of one brain structure onto another, such as retinotopy, the ordered projection of the retina onto the lateral geniculated nucleus of the thalamus, and then onto the primary visual cortex, or somatotopy, the ordered projection of the body surface onto the primary sensory cortex.
Topographic profile A topographic profile is a cross sectional view along a line drawn through a portion of a topographic map. In other words, if you could slice through a portion of the earth, pull away one half, and look at it from the side, the surface would be a topographic profile.
Topographic prominence In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks. It is a measure of the independent stature of a summit.
Topography as the study of place Starting in Ancient Greece, places have been described in topography (), and an author of such writing has been called a topographer (). Greek and Roman topographers provide much of the basis of modern reconstructions of the fabric of the cities of Classical times (especially Rome)http://www.
Topography of the Moon The topography of the Moon has been measured by the methods of laser altimetry and stereo image analysis, most recently from data obtained during the Clementine mission. The most visible topographic feature is the giant far side South Pole-Aitken basin, which possesses the lowest elevations of the Moon.
Topography of Terror The Topography of Terror (German: Topographie des Terrors)is an outdoor museum in Berlin, the capital of Germany. It is located in Niederkirchnerstrasse, formerly Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse, on the site of buildings which during the Nazi regime from 1933 to 1945 were the headquarters of the Gestapo and the SS, the principal instruments of repression during the Nazi era.
Topoisomer Topoisomers or topological isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different topologies. Examples of molecules for which there exist topoisomers include DNA, which can form knots, and catenanes.
Topoisomerase inhibitor Topoisomerase inhibitors are chemotherapy agents designed to interfere with the action of topoisomerase enzymes (topoisomerase I and II), which are enzymes that control the changes in DNA structure by catalyzing the breaking and rejoining of the phosphodiester backbone of DNA strands during the normal cell cycle.
Topoisomerase IV Topoisomerase IV is one of two type-II topoisomerases in bacteria, the other being DNA gyrase. Like gyrase, topoisomerase IV is able to pass one double-strand of DNA through another double-strand of DNA, thereby changing the linking number of DNA by two in each enzymatic step.
Topola Topola (Serbian Cyrillic: Топола) is a town and municipality situated in the Šumadija region of Serbia. It was the place where Karađorđe, a Serbian revolutionary, was chosen as the leader of the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1804.
Topolog River Topolog is a river in Dobruja, Romania. It rises near the commune of Topolog, in the Casimcea Plateau of Tulcea County forming the Topolog Depression, which divides the Plateau in two parts: the Casimcea Plateau proper (to the east) and the Hârşova Plateau (to the west).
Topological censorship The topological censorship theorem states that general relativity does not allow an observer to probe the topology of spacetime: any topological structure collapses too quickly to allow light to traverse it. More precisely, in a globally hyperbolic, asymptotically flat spacetime satisfying the null energy condition, every causal curve from past null infinity to future null infinity is timelike homotopic to a topologically trivial curve from past null to future null infinity.
Topological conjugacy In mathematics, two functions are said to be topologically conjugate to one another if there exists a homeomorphism that will conjugate the one into the other. Topological conjugacy is important in the study of iterated functions and more generally dynamical systems, since, if the dynamics of one iterated function can be solved, then those for any topologically conjugate function follow trivially.
Topological defect In mathematics and physics, a topological soliton or a topological defect is a solution of a system of partial differential equations or of a quantum field theory that can be proven to exist because the boundary conditions entail the existence of homotopically distinct solutions. Typically, this occurs because the boundary on which the boundary conditions are specified has a non-trivial homotopy group which is preserved by differential equations; the solutions to the differential equations are then topologically distinct, and are classified by their homotopy class.
Topological entropy In mathematics, in the area of ergodic theory, the topological entropy provides a way of defining the entropy in an iterated function map. In essence, the topological entropy counts the number of distinguishable orbits that an iterated map may have.
Topological group In mathematics, a topological group is a group G together with a topology on G such that the group and topological structures are compatible. Specifically, this means that the group operations are continuous functions.

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