Encyclopedia

Transport Act 1962 The Transport Act, 1962 was passed by Harold Macmillan's Conservative government to dissolve the British Transport Commission, which had been established by Clement Attlee's Labour government in the 1940s to oversee railways, canals and road freight transport. The act established the British Railways Board, which took over the British Transport Commission's railway responsibilities from 1 January 1963 until the passing of the Railways Act 1993.
Transport corridor A transport corridor is a corridor where at least one main line, be it road, rail or canal lines are built. Often new transport lines are built alongside existing ones to minimise the areas affected by pollution.
Transport during the Industrial Revolution Transportation of raw materials to the manufacture sites, and of the finished products from them was limited by the lack of transport costs where they had to go by road. This was not too severe in the case of light valuable materials textiles such as woollen and linen cloth, but in the case of cheap dense materials such as coal, could be a limiting factor on the viability of an industry.
Transport economics Transport economics is a cross-disciplinary study linking civil engineering and economics. Transport economics differs from some other branches of economics in that the assumption of a spaceless, instantaneous economy does not hold.
Transport for London Transport For London (TfL) is a local government body responsible for the transport system throughout the city of London and Greater London in England. The role of TfL is to implement the transport strategy for and to manage transport services across London.
Transport Holding Company The Transport Holding Company (THC) was a British Government owned company created by the Transport Act 1962 to administer a range of state-owned transport, travel and engineering companies that were previously managed by the British Transport Commission (BTC); it came into existence on 1 January, 1963.
Transport in Afghanistan Landlocked Afghanistan has no functioning railways, but the Amu Darya (Oxus) River, which forms part of Afghanistan's border with Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, has barge traffic. During their occupation of the country, the Soviets completed a bridge across the Amu Darya and built a motor vehicle and railroad bridge between Termez and Jeyretan.
Transport in Albania In the early 1990s, the rock-strewn roadways, unstable rail lines, and obsolete telephone network crisscrossing Albania represented the remnants of the marked improvements that were made after World War II. Enver Hoxha's xenophobia and lust for control had kept Albania isolated, however, as the communications revolution transformed the wider world into a global village.
Transport in Anguilla An overseas territory of Great Britain, the Caribbean island of Anguilla measures only 16 miles long by 3 miles wide, so transportation is simpler than in many countries. There is no public transportation, such as bus or rail systems, since there isn't enough need.
Transport in Antarctica Transport in Antarctica has transformed from heroic explorers crossing the isolated remote area of Antarctica by foot to a more open area due to human technologies enabling more convenient and faster transport by land and predominantly air and water.
Transport in Auckland Auckland's transport, and the transport of all its constituent cities, is dominated by the motor vehicle. Partially because of Aucklands decentralised, relatively low-density urban area (especially compared to much of Europe and Asia), this method of transportation has outpaced all other competing forms, to the point where public transport has become almost marginal.
Transport in Belize The most popular methods of transport in Belize include buses, ferries/water taxis, and airplanes. Belize maintains four major highways, the Northern, Southern, Western and Hummingbird Highways, as well as several smaller highways.
Transport in Bermuda Bermuda has 150 miles of private paved roads; 130 miles of public paved roads; 25 miles of historic, mostly unpaved railroad trail, used in parts as a scenic trail; two beautiful ports (Hamilton and St. George's), and one airport, the Bermuda International Airport, located at the former U.
Transport in Birmingham Due in part to its location in central England, Birmingham is a major transport hub. Public transport in the city is overseen by the West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive whose public brand is Centro/Network West Midlands.
Transport in Botswana A sparsely populated, arid country, Botswana has nonetheless managed to incorporate much of its interior into the national economy. An "inner circle" highway connecting all major towns and district capitals is completely paved, and the all-weather Trans-Kalahari Highway connects the country (and, through it, South Africa's commercially dominant Gauteng Province) to Walvis Bay in Namibia.
Transport in Brighton and Hove The city of Brighton and Hove on the south coast of England has long had a variety of transportation. Today it has a major railway station, an extensive bus service, a large number of taxis, and even a small (but growing) auto rickshaw service.
Transport in Cambodia War and continuing fighting severely damaged Cambodia's transportation system — a system that had been inadequately developed in peacetime. The country's weak infrastructure hindered emergency relief efforts and created tremendous problems of procurement of supplies in general and of distribution.
Transport in Cyprus Because Cyprus has no working railway system, various other methods of transportation are needed to ensure the proper delivery of any cargo, be it human or freight. Since the last railway was dismantled in 1950, the only remaining modes of transport are by highways, by sea, and by air.
Transport in Darjeeling 'Transport in Darjeeling consists of the intra-city transport and the communication between the city and other locations in darjeeling district. Darjeeling (Nepali दार्जीलिङ) is a hill station (a hill town) in the Indian state of West Bengal and headquarters of Darjeeling district, situated in the Shiwalik Hills (or Lower Himalaya) at an average elevation of 2,134 m above sea level.
Transport in Edinburgh Edinburgh constitutes a major transport hub in east central Scotland and as such is at the centre of a multi-modal transport network comprising road, rail and air communications connecting the city with the rest of Scotland, the United Kingdom and internationally.
Transport in Germany Because of Germany's central situation in Europe, the volume of traffic, especially the transit of goods, is very high. In the past decades, much of the freight traffic shifted from rail to road transport, which led the Federal Government to introduce a motor toll for trucks in 2005.
Transport in Greenland The transportation system in Greenland is very unusual in that it has no railways, no inland waterways and virtually no roads between towns. There is a total of 150 km (90 mi) of roads in the entire country; 60 km (40 mi) of the roads are paved.
Transport in Guyana The transportation sector comprises the physical facilities, terminals, fleets and ancillary equipment of all the various modes of transport operating in Guyana, the transport services, transport agencies providing these services, the organisations and people who plan, build, maintain, and operate the system, and the policies that mould its development.
Transport in Ireland Most of the transport system in Ireland is in public hands, both north and south of the border. The road network has evolved separately north and south, while the rail network was mostly created prior to the partition of Ireland.
Transport in Kiribati 2 small airplanes fly out the Gilbert Islands, except for Banaba. One merchant ship connects, from time to time, the Line Islands (Kiritimati, Fanning and Washington) and makes stops en route at the Phoenix Islands.
Transport in Kochi Kochi (; Malayalam: കൊച്ചി ); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. Transport in Kochi is generally characterized by its narrow roads and a mix of vastly differing types of vehicles that has made traffic congestion a major problem in the city.
Transport in Kolkata The transport system of Kolkata is a mix of modern mass rapid transport and the old transport modalities like the rickshaws. Kolkata is connected to the rest of India by the National Highways, the extensive network of the Indian Railways, and also by air.
Transport in Kyrgyzstan Transport in Kyrgyzstan is severely constrained by the country's alpine topography. Roads have to snake up steep valleys, cross passes of 3,000 metre (9,000 feet) altitude and more, and are subject to frequent mud slides and snow avalanches.
Transport in London London forms the hub of the road, rail and air transport networks in the United Kingdom. It has its own dense and extensive internal private and public transport networks, as well as providing a focal point for the national road and railway networks.
Transport in Manchukuo From the creation in 1931 of Manchukuo, the construction of railways was promoted. In December 1935, there existed some 8,500 km of track , 80% are classified as "State Railways" along with the 1,100 km of S.
Transport in Moldova In 1995 the main means of transportation in Moldova were railroads (1,138 kilometers) and a highway system (12,730 kilometers overall, including 10,973 kilometers of paved surfaces). The major railroad junctions are Chişinău, Bender/Tighina, Ungheni, Ocnita (Oknitsa, in Russian), Bălţi, and Basarabeasca (Bessarabka, in Russian).
Transport in New South Wales An extensive multi-modal transport system serves the state of New South Wales, Australia. The lead government agency reponsible for the network's operation and development is the New South Wales Ministry of Transport.
Transport in New Zealand With mountainous topography and a relatively small population, mostly located around a long coastline, New Zealand has always offered many transport challenges. Before Europeans arrived, Māori either walked or used watercraft on rivers.
Transport in Nigeria Decaying infrastructure is one of the deficiencies that Nigeria’s National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy (NEEDS) seeks to address. The government has begun to repair the country’s poorly maintained road network.
Transport in Niue Transport in Niue consists of a road network and an airport. A ring road around the island's coast is the major route, but roads also exist across the central plateau, linking Alofi to villages on the opposite coast.
Transport in Oradea Public transport in Oradea (a city in Bihor County, Romania) is run by Regiunea Autonomă "Oradea Transport Local", commonly known as OTL, which is owned by the Municipality of Oradea. The network, although being fairly small for a city the size of Oradea, is somewhat efficient, and is made up of tram and bus lines.
Transport in present-day nations and states Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It is an important factor for every country, in order to maintain a strong economy, for military defense, and for access to and between a country's people.
Transport in Palestinian Authority This article describes transportation within the region under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, which consists of two non-contiguous territories, Gaza and the West Bank. Egress and ingress to these territories is controlled by the state of Israel.
Transport in Papua New Guinea Mountainous terrain has limited the development of roads in many parts of Papua New Guinea and considerable danger from brigands (called rascals) has limited their use in transporting people and goods. The capital, Port Moresby, is not linked by road to any of the other major towns and many villages in the highlands can only be reached by light aircraft or on foot.
Transport in Paris The Paris Transportation Network network is very diverse and exists literally over many levels. Its bus, "Tram", the "MĂ©tro", Autoroutes, trains and planes together all serve to maintain a high level of communication between the city's many different districts and beyond.
Transport in Rwanda The transport system in Rwanda centres primarily around the road network, with paved roads between the capital, Kigali and most other major cities and towns in the country. Rwanda is also linked by road with other countries in East Africa, via which the majority of the country's imports and exports are made.
Transport in Serbia Serbia, and in particular the valley of Morava is often described as "the crossroad between the East and the West", which is one of primary reasons for its turbulent history. The valley is by far the easiest way of land travel from continental Europe to Greece and Asia Minor.
Transport in Sheffield Transport in Sheffield, England is developed around the city's unusual topography and medieval street plan. Once an isolated town, the transport infrastructure changed dramatically in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Transport in Sri Lanka Transportation in Sri Lanka is based mainly on the road network which is centred on Sri Lanka's capital, Colombo. There is also an extensive railway network but it is largely a legacy of British colonial rule and is less appropriate for the modern transport requirements of the country.
Transport in Sudan Sudan's transport infrastructure in early 1990s included an extensive railroad system that served the more important populated areas except in the far south, a meager road network (very little of which consisted of all-weather roads), a natural inland waterway—the Nile River and its tributaries—and a national airline that provided both international and domestic service. Complementing this infrastructure was Port Sudan, a major deep-water port on the Red Sea, and a small but modern national merchant marine.
Transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Surface transport within the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has always been difficult. The terrain and climate of the Congo Basin present serious barriers to road and rail construction, and the distances are enormous across this vast country.
Transport in the United Kingdom The transport system in the United Kingdom is well developed. A radial road network of 29,145 miles (46,632 km) of main roads is centred on London, Edinburgh and Belfast, whilst, in Great Britain, a motorway network of 2,173 miles (3,477 km) is centred on both Birmingham and London.
Transport in Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago, a Caribbean country which relies heavily on industrialisation and tourism, has well-developed transport systems. Trinidad is the larger island, with a business-oriented economy and the seat of the country's government and Piarco International Airport, the country's major airport.
Transport InfoLine The Transport InfoLine is a telephone and web-based information service for public transport in New South Wales. Originally designed as a telephone information service for metropolitan Sydney, its scope has been extended to include transport in country areas.
Transport Infrastructure Development Corporation The Transport Infrastructure Development Corporation is an agency of the Government of New South Wales with responsibility for new railway projects in the city of Sydney, Australia. The TIDC forms part of the Transport portfolio.
Transport layer In computing and telecommunications, the transport layer is the second highest layer in the four and five layer TCP/IP reference models, where it responds to service requests from the application layer and issues service requests to the network layer. It is also the name of layer four of the seven layer OSI model, where it responds to service requests from the session layer and issues service requests to the network layer.
Transport Layer Security Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols which provide secure communications on the Internet for such things as web browsing, e-mail, Internet faxing, and other data transfers. There are slight differences between SSL 3.
Transport network A transport network, or transportation network in American English, is typically a network roads, streets, pipes, aqueducts, power lines, or nearly any structure which permits either vehicular movement or flow of some commodity.
Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format or TNEF is a proprietary e-mail attachment format used by Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange Server. An attached file with TNEF encoding is most usually called winmail.
Transport of structure In mathematics, the term transport of structure is a descriptive shorthand for the process of defining additional structure on an object by comparing it to another object on which such a structure already exists.
Transport on the Gold Coast, Queensland The Gold Coast has a wide range of public and private Transport options from cars and bikes to buses, rail and monorail. The car is the dominant mode of transport for Gold Coast but with the increasing population that leads to more traffic congestion.
Transport Operational Command Unit The Transport Operational Command Unit (TOCU or CO17 from its Central Operations designation) is a unit of the London Metropolitan Police that polices buses, bus routes, taxis and minicabs. It does not police national railways in London, London Underground, Docklands Light Railway or Croydon Tramlink, which fall under the remit of the British Transport Police.
Transport phenomena In physics, chemistry and engineering, a transport phenomenon is any of various mechanisms by which particles or quantities move from one place to another. Three common examples of transport phenomena are diffusion, convection, and radiation.
Transport protein A transport protein is a protein involved in the movement of a chemical such as an ion or another protein across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral membrane proteins; that is they exist within and span the membrane across they transport substances.
Transport Phenomena The first edition of Transport Phenomena was published in 1960, two years after having been preliminarily published under the title Notes on Transport Phenomena based on mimeographed notes prepared for a chemical engineering course taught at the University of Wisconsin during the academic year 1957-1958. This Week's Citation Classic (University of Pennsylvania, Garfield Library) The current second edition was published in August of 2001.
Transport Research Laboratory The Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) is a transportation consultancy, established in 1933 by the UK Government as the Road Research Laboratory (RRL). It developed considerable expertise across a wide range of vehicle and infrastructure issues.
Transport Salaried Staffs' Association The Transport Salaried Staffs' Association (TSSA) is a trade union for "white collar" workers in the transport industry in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Its head office is adjacent to Euston station, London, it has branch offices located in Dublin and Glasgow, and staff also located in Leeds, Manchester, Nottingham and Bristol.
Transport Scotland Transport Scotland was created on January 1, 2006 as the national transport agency of Scotland. It is an Executive Agency of the Scottish Executive Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning Department and accountable to Scottish Ministers.
Transport Tycoon Transport Tycoon (TT) and Transport Tycoon Deluxe (TTD) are computer games where the player is in control of a transport company, and competes against rival companies (or not, playing solo) to make as much profit as possible, by transporting passengers and various goods by road, rail, sea or by air.
Transport Workers Act 1928 In 1928 the Nationalist Commonwealth Government of Stanley Bruce passed the Transport Workers Act which stipulated the engagement, service and discharge of wharfies who now had to have a license, known as the dog collar, to work. The Australian labour movement nicknamed this the Dog-collar act.
Transport Workers Union of America Transport Workers Union of America (TWU) is a United States labor union that was founded in 1934 by subway workers in New York City, then expanded to represent transit employees in other cities, primarily in the eastern U.S.
Transport Workers' Union The Transport Workers Union is an Australian trade union representing 85,000 men and women working in aviation, oil, waste management, gas, road transport, passenger vehicles and freight logistics. They are affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), the International Transport Federation (ITF) and the Australian Trucking Association (ATA).
Transport Yorkshire Preservation Group Transport Yorkshire Preservation Group is a voluntary organisation based in Leeds, England. It undertakes the restoration and operation (on a not-for-profit basis) of vintage/historic buses appropriate to the local area.
Transportation (sediment) In geology, transportation refers to the movement of eroded debris, whether by rivers, glaciers, wind or ocean currents and tides. Particle sizes can vary from tiny clay particles suspended in moving water, to pebbles and boulders.
Transportation Act of 1958 The Transportation Act of 1958 () attempted to reinvigorate the commercial railroads of the United States by granting the Interstate Commerce Commission money to loan to railroads and power to fix prices. Despite this, railroads were still having a difficult time remaining profitable, and asked to shed services, particularly passenger rail services.
Transportation Assistance Act The Transportation Assistance Act was a 1982 United States federal law that revised federal funding of mass transit established in the Urban Mass Transportation Act and the National Mass Transportation Assistance Act. It replaced the funding formulae with a block grant for operating costs.
Transportation coils The Transportation Coils series is a set of definitive stamps issued by the United States Postal Service between 1981 and 1995. Officially dubbed the "Transportation Issue" or "Transportation Series", they have come to be called the "transportation coils" because all of the denominations were issued in coil stamp format.
Transportation Communications International Union The Transportation Communications International Union or TCU is the successor to the union formerly known as the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks and includes within it many other organizations, including the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters that have merged with it since 1969.
Transportation Corridor Agencies Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA) are two joint powers authorities formed by the California legislature in 1986 to plan, finance, construct, and operate Orange County's toll roads. TCA consists of two local government agencies:
Transportation Demand Management Transportation Demand Management or "TDM" is changing or reducing demand for car use by encouraging the behavioural change of household choices of travel. TDM is used increasingly by urban planners to affect the rate at which new development attracts cars and increases the need for new or expanded roadways.
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) was enacted June 9, 1998, as Public Law 105-178. TEA-21 authorized the Federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and transit for the 6-year period 1998-2003.
Transportation forecasting Transportation forecasting is the process of estimating the number of vehicles or travelers that will use a specific transportation facility in the future. A forecast estimates, for instance, the number of vehicles on a planned freeway or bridge, the ridership on a railway line, the number of passengers patronizing an airport, or the number of ships calling on a seaport.
Transportation hub Transportation hub is a location where traffic is exchanged across several modes of transport. These modes may include any of railway, tramway, rapid transit, bus, automobile, truck, airplane, spacecraft, ship, ferry, pedestrian or any other kind of transportation.
Transportation in Argentina Transportation in Argentina is mainly based on a complex net of routes, crossed by relatively inexpensive long-distance buses and by cargo trucks. The country also has a number of national and international airports.
Transportation in Bundang Bundang is served well by public transport, with many buses, and an underground railway. The Bundang Line connects to the Seoul subway while buses with many routes take tens of thousands of commuters to Seoul everyday.
Transportation in Calgary The city of Calgary, Alberta has a large transportation network that encompasses a variety of road, rail, air, public transit, and pedestrian infrastructure. Calgary is also a major Canadian transportation centre and a central cargo hub for freight into and out of north-western North America.
Transportation in Greater Tokyo The transportation network in Greater Tokyo includes public and private rail and highway networks; airports for international, domestic, and general aviation; buses; motorcycle delivery services, walking, bicycling, and commercial shipping. While the nexus is in the central part of Tokyo, every part of the Greater Tokyo Area has rail, road, air, or sea transportation services.
Transportation in Indonesia Indonesia's transport system has been shaped over time by the economic resource base of an archipelago with thousands of islands, and the distribution of its more than 200 million people highly concentrated on a single island which is JavaIndonesia's Diversity Revisited http://cip.cornell.
Transportation in Israel Transportation in Israel is well developed, and is continuously being upgraded to meet the demands of population growth, political factors, military needs of the Israel Defense Forces, tourism and increased traffic.
Transportation in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Transportation in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania has a long and variegated history. An early-settled part of the United States, and lying on the route between Philadelphia and Harrisburg, it has been the site of early experiments in canals, railroads, and highways.
Transportation in Louisville, Kentucky As with most American cities, Transportation in Louisville, Kentucky is based primarilly on automobiles. However, the city traces its foundation to the era where the river was the primary means of transportation, and railroads has always been an important part of local industry for over a century.
Transportation in Mexico City Transportation in Mexico City is managed by the government of the Mexican Federal District through several public companies that administer the different means of transportation. Mexico City operates the second busiest transit system in North America after New York City.
Transportation in Minnesota Transportation in Minnesota is primarily centered on the Twin Cities metropolitan area, where 60% of its residents live; it is overseen by the Minnesota Department of Transportation, a cabinet-level agency of the state government.
Transportation in New York Transportation in New York is made up of some of the most extensive and one of the oldest transportation infrastructures in the country. Engineering difficulties because of the terrain of New York State and the unique issues of New York City brought on by urban crowding have had to be overcome since the state was young.
Transportation in New York City The transportation system of New York City is one of the most complex of any city in the United States. It includes the largest subway network in the world by track mileage, the longest suspension bridge in North America, iconic yellow cabs, 112,000 daily bicyclists, the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel, landmark train stations and new multibillion-dollar airport terminals.
Transportation in North Korea The standard route to and from North Korea is by plane through Beijing, People's Republic of China. Transport directly to and from South Korea has been possible on a limited scale from 2003, when a road was opened (bus tours, no private cars).
Transportation in Portland, Oregon Like transportation in the rest of the United States, the primary mode of local transportation in Portland (Oregon) is the automobile. But Portland's reputation as a well-planned city is due in no small part to Metro's regional master plan in which transit-oriented development plays a major role.
Transportation in Puerto Rico Transportation in Puerto Rico is comprised of a system of roads, highways,freeways, airports, ports and harbors, and railway systems, serving a population of approximately 4 million inhabitants year-round. It is funded primarily with both local and federal government funds.
Transportation in Richmond, Virginia Transportation in Richmond, Virginia and its immediate surroundings include land, sea and air modes. This article includes the independent city and portions of the contiguous counties of Henrico and Chesterfield.
Transportation in Salt Lake City Transportation in Salt Lake City consists of a wide variety of public transportation. The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) operates an extensive bus system throughout the valley, as well as two light rail lines; one from Downtown Salt Lake City to Sandy, and the other from Downtown to the University of Utah.
Transportation in Seattle As with almost every other city in western North America, transportation in Seattle is dominated by automobiles, although Seattle is just old enough that the city's layout reflects the age when railways and streetcars dominated. These older modes of transportation made for a relatively well-defined downtown and strong neighborhoods at the end of several former streetcar lines, most of them now bus lines.
Transportation in St. Louis, Missouri Like most American cities, the main method of transportation is the automobile. Use of the automobile is supported by the existence of many limited-access interstate highways (I-70, I-55, I-44, I-64, I-255, I-170, and I-270), as well as numerous state and county highways.
Transportation in the Empire of Japan Japan during the seventh century had linked all towns with a basic system of Imperial roads, which stayed in use for a long time. These roads linked cities with sacred sites, and were used by regular citizens and imperial civil servants.
Transportation in the People's Republic of China Transportation in the mainland of the People's Republic of China has improved remarkably starting in the late 1990s as part of a government effort to link the entire nation through a series of expressways known as the National Trunk Highway System. Private car ownership is increasing but remains uncommon, in large part due to government policies designed to make car ownership expensive through the use of taxes and toll roads.
Transportation in Texas The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is a governmental agency and its purpose is to "provide safe, effective, and efficient movement of people and goods" throughout the state. Though the public face of the agency is generally associated with maintenance of the state's immense highway system, the agency is also responsible for aviation in the state and overseeing public transportation systems.

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