Encyclopedia

United States Ambassador to North Yemen The area on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula that is now Yemen is one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Middle East. Between the 12th century BC and the 6th century AD, it was part of the Minaean, Sabaean, and Himyarite kingdoms, which controlled the lucrative spice trade, and later came under Ethiopian and Persian rule.
United States Ambassador to Pakistan In the 19th century the area of south Asia that is now Pakistan was ruled by the United Kingdom as part of the British Raj, which also included India. The area of the Raj was a collection of princely states, governed by Rajas under British rule since the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
United States Ambassador to Panama The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with Panama since its independence from Colombia in 1903. (The US encouraged this revolution in order to secure the rights to build and manage the Panama Canal.
United States Ambassador to Rwanda The part of Africa that is now Rwanda was a feudal monarchy headed by a mwami (king) and a feudal hierarchy of Tutsi nobles and gentry until 1899. In that year the mwami submitted to a German protectorate without resistance.
United States Ambassador to São Tomé and Príncipe The Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe comprises two islands in the Gulf of Guinea off the coast of central Africa: São Tomé and Príncipe. The islands were uninhabited before the arrival of the Portuguese explorers sometime between 1469 and 1471.
United States Ambassador to Slovakia Following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian empire in 1918 at the end of The Great War, the Czechs, Moravians, and Slovaks united to form the new nation of Czechoslovakia. The United States recognized Czechoslovakia and commissioned its first ambassador on April 23, 1919.
United States Ambassador to Somalia The area on the Horn of Africa that is now Somalia has been fought over by numerous factions for hundreds of years. Local warlords, Ethiopians, Eritreans, the Ottoman Empire, and Arabs had been warring in the territory since the Middle Ages.
United States Ambassador to South Africa Before 1902, The southern part of Africa that is now South Africa was under the hegemony of Great Britain. There also were two self-proclaimed independent states: Transvaal (also known as the South African Republic) and the Orange Free State.
United States Ambassador to South Yemen The area on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula that is now Yemen is one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Middle East. Between the 12th century BC and the 6th century AD, it was part of the Minaean, Sabaean, and Himyarite kingdoms, which controlled the lucrative spice trade, and later came under Ethiopian and Persian rule.
United States Ambassador to Swaziland The Swazi kingdom was established by King Sobhuza I in the early 19th century, in the area of southern Africa that is now the nation of Swaziland. In the mid-19th century King Mswati II asked British authorities in South Africa for assistance against Zulu raids into Swaziland.
United States Ambassador to the Czech Republic Following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian empire in 1918 at the end of The Great War, the Czechs, Moravians, and Slovaks united to form the new nation of Czechoslovakia. The United States recognized Czechoslovakia and commissioned its first ambassador on April 23, 1919.
United States Ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo Until the late 18th century, the area of central Africa that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo was the Kingdom of Kongo, an area of west central Africa in what are now northern Angola, Cabinda, Republic of the Congo, and the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was a was a powerful kingdom that existed from the 14th to the 18th century.
United States Ambassador to the Organization of American States The following is a list of people who have served as United States Ambassador to the Organization of American States, or the full title, Representative of the United States of America to the Organization of American States, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
United States Ambassador to the Republic of the Congo In the 15th century, the area of central Africa that is now the Republic of the Congo was under the dominion of the the Kongo Empire, the Loango, and the Teke, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. The first European contacts came in the late 15th century with the Portugese and commercial relationships were quickly established with the kingdoms—trading for slaves captured in the interior.
United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom The office of United States Ambassador (or Minister) to the United Kingdom (also known as Ambassador to the Court of St. James's) has traditionally been the highest position in the United States Foreign Service, and has been held by various notable politicians, including five future presidents: John Adams, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan.
United States Ambassador to the United Nations United States Ambassador to the United Nations, full title, Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations (also known as the U.S.
United States Ambassador to Tanzania The area of southern Africa that is now the nation of Tanzania first came under European domination in 1884 when the German Gesellschaft fĂĽr Deutsche Kolonisation Society for German Colonization under Dr. Karl Peters concluded treaties with the local chiefs in the name of the Society.
United States Ambassador to Texas For 300 years, from 1521 until 1821, the part of North America that is now the state of Texas was part of the Spanish possessions in the New World called New Spain. In 1821, after a long war with Spain, Mexico gained its independence from Spain and Texas became part of the Mexican Empire in North and Central America.
United States Ambassador to Togo Togoland was a German protectorate in West Africa from 1884 to 1914. The protectorate was established in 1884 when the German commissioner signed a treaty with the local chief, in which Germany declared a protectorate over a stretch of territory along the coast of the Bight of Benin.
United States Ambassador to Venezuela The following is a partial list of Ambassadors the United States has sent to Venezuela. The exact title given by the United States State Department to this position is "Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary".
United States Ambassador to Vietnam After the First Indochina War and the defeat of the French dominion over Vietnam, the nation was split into North and South Vietnam at the Geneva Conference of 1954. The United States did not recognize North Vietnam and thus had no diplomatic relations with that nation.
United States Ambassador to Yemen The area on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula that is now Yemen is one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Middle East. Between the 12th century BC and the 6th century AD, it was part of the Minaean, Sabaean, and Himyarite kingdoms, which controlled the lucrative spice trade, and later came under Ethiopian and Persian rule.
United States Antarctic Expedition Medal The United States Antarctic Expedition Medal is a combined military-civilian award that was authorized by the United States Congress on September 24, 1945. The decoration recognizes those United States citizens who participated in polar exploration on Antarctica between 1939 and 1945.
United States Antarctic Program United States Antarctic Program (or USAP; formerly known as the United States Antarctic Research Program or USARP and the United States Antarctic Service or USAS) is an organization of the United States government which has presence in the continent of Antarctica. It co-ordinates research and the operational support for research in the region.
United States Anti-Doping Agency The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), which began operations on 1 October 2000, is a non-governmental agency responsible for implementation of the World Anti-Doping Code in the United States. The World Anti-Doping Code, which lists drugs and methods that are prohibited in sports, was developed by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) which was established by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1999.
United States Armor Association The United States Armor Association is a non-profit organization with over 6,000 members dedicated to disseminating knowledge of the military art and sciences, with special attention to mobility in ground warfare.
United States Army Air Corps The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the predecessor of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) from 1926 to 1941, which in turn was the forerunner of today's United States Air Force (USAF). Although abolished as an organization in 1941, it existed as a branch subordinate to the USAAF from 1941 to 1947.
United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) was the aviation component of the United States Army primarily during World War II. The title of Army Air Forces succeeded the prior name of Army Air Corps in June 1941 during preparation for expected combat in what became to be known as World War II.
United States Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center The Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) operates simulation facilities to evaluate missile components, such as seekers, in a variety of flights and countermeasures environments. AMRDEC's offices are located at the Redstone Arsenal Army post in Madison County, Alabama.
United States Army branch insignia Branch insignia of the United States Army refers to one of several military emblems that may be worn on the uniform of the United States Army to denote membership in a particular area of expertise. Army branch insignia is similar to the line officer and staff devices of the United States Navy as well as to the Navy Enlisted rating badges.
United States Army Correctional Brigade Prior to 1 October 1992, Camp Funston was the home of the United States Army Correctional Brigade whose mission was to prepare prisoners for transition to civilian life as useful citizens or, in a few select cases, for return to duty. The Correctional Brigade environment was unique in that prisoner control was maintained by military discipline, instead of walls and bars for most of the typical prisoners’ stay.
United States Army Field Artillery School The United States Army Field Artillery School (USAFAS) trains field artillery soldiers and Marines in tactics, techniques, and procedures for the employment of fire support systems in support of the maneuver commander. The school further develops leaders who are tactically and technically proficient, develops and refines Warfighting doctrine, and designs units capable of winning on future battlefields.
United States Army Forces in the British Isles United States Army Forces in the British Isles (USAFBI) was a command responsible for all United States Army units stationed in the British Isles during World War II. The command developed from the Special Observers group (SBOPS) sent to Britain before the USA entered the war to study British use of Lend Lease supplies.
United States Army Intelligence Center The United States Army Intelligence Center (USAIC) is the US Army's school for professional training of military intelligence personnel. It conducts resident courses for enlisted, warrant officer, and commissioned officer personnel, as well as for international military students in military exchange programs.
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) is a military research institute located at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States, and is used by the United States Army for the development, testing, and evaluation of therapy and material to prevent and treat casualties of chemical warfare agents.
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID, pronounced U-Sam-Rid) is a military research institute for medicine based at Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland used for research of infectious disease that may have defensive applications against biological warfare that would protect the citizens of the United States.
United States Army Military Government in Korea The United States Army Military Government in Korea, also known as USAMGIK, was the official ruling body of the southern half of the Korean Peninsula from September 8, 1945 to August 15, 1948. Many of the foundations for the modern South Korean system were laid during this period.
United States Army Parachute Team The United States Army Parachute Team, nicknamed and commonly known as the Golden Knights, is a demonstration and competition parachute team of the United States Army. It consists of demonstration and competition Parachutist teams, drawn from US Army Paratroopers who have demonstrated excellence in their parachuting skills.
United States Army Pike’s Peak Research Laboratory The United States Army Pikes Peak Research Laboratory, or simply the “Pikes Peak Lab”, is a modern medical research laboratory for the assessment of the impact of high altitude on human physiological and medical parameters of military interest. It is a satellite facility of the U.
United States Army Rangers The 75th Ranger Regiment —also known as the United States Army Rangers— is a light infantry special operations force of the United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC); with headquarters in Fort Benning, Georgia. The Regiment is a flexible, highly-trained and rapidly deployable light infantry force with specialized skills that enable them to be employed against a variety of conventional and special operations targets.
United States Army Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leaders Course US Army Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leaders Course (formerly Long Range Surveillance Leaders Course, or LRSLC) is an elite 5 week school offered by 4th Ranger Training Battalion to Soldiers, Marines, Sailors and Airmen to train them to expert levels in Reconnaissance, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, Battle Damage Assessment, Foreign Vehicle Identification, and other skills. The school was originally created to serve leaders from Long Range Surveillance units (LRSU's), but is commonly attended by soldiers from Special Forces, Ranger Reconnaissance Detachment, SEALS, Force Recon, RSTA, and Army Scouts.
United States Army Sergeants Major Academy The United States Army Sergeants Major Academy (USASMA) was established on July 1, 1972 at Fort Bliss, Texas, and began instruction in January 1973. Its curriculum is designed to broaden the student's current knowledge base.
United States Army Special Forces The United States Army Special Forces —also known by the nickname Green Berets or simply Special Forces (capitalized)— is a Special Operations Force of the United States Army trained for unconventional warfare and special operations. The force was founded in 1952 by Colonel Aaron Bank and their official headgear is the green beret, thanks to the efforts of an early officer, Edson Raff.
United States Army Training and Doctrine Command United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) is a military command of the United States Army. It is charged with overseeing training of Army forces, the development of operational doctrine, and the development and procurement of new weapons systems.
United States Army Uniform in World War II Known as a "transitional period" in military history, World War II sees the convergence between Great War-era attempts and experimentation with modern technology and modern examples of a new type of combat, characterized by the individual soldier rather than the military unit.
United States Assistant Secretary of State The Assistant Secretary of State, from 1853 until 1913, was the second-ranking official within the American Department of State. Prior to 1853, the Chief Clerk was the second-ranking officer, and after 1913, the Conselor was the second-ranking position, though the Assistant Secretary continued to be a position until 1924.
United States Associate Attorney General The Associate Attorney General is the third-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice. The Associate Attorney General advises and assists the Attorney General and the Deputy Attorney General in policies relating to civil justice, federal and local law enforcement, and public safety matters.
United States Association of Blind Athletes The United States Association of Blind Athletes (USABA), is an organization founded in 1976 to increase the number and quality of world-class athletic opportunities for Americans who are blind or visually impaired. USABA has reached over 100,000 blind individuals, and have over 3,000 current members who compete in nine sports, most prominently skiing and goalball.
United States Atomic Energy Commission Almost a year after World War II ended, Congress established the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) to foster and control the peace time development of atomic science and technology. President Harry S.
United States Attorney General The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see ) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government. They are considered as the chief lawyer of the US government.
United States Automobile Club The United States Automobile Club (USAC) is an open-wheel auto racing sanctioning body. From 1956 to 1979 the USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 it sanctioned the Indianapolis 500.
United States Aviator Badge A United States Aviator Badge refers to three types of aviation badges issued by the United States military, those being for Army, Air Force, and Naval aviation. The first United States Aviator Badges were issued to members of the United States Army Air Service during the First World War.
United States bank holiday The United States Bank Holiday of the Great Depression took place in 1933 when Franklin D. Roosevelt closed the banks from March 6 to March 10 to keep depositors from bankrupting the banking system by withdrawing all their money.
United States bicentennial coinage The United States bicentennial coinage was a set of circulating commemorative coins of a quarter, half dollar, and one dollar coin minted in 1975 and 1976. Regardless of date of coining, each coin bears the dual date "1776-1976".
United States budget process The process of creating the budget for the United States Government is known as the budget process. The specific procedures for formulating the budget were established in the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.
United States Barber coinage Liberty Head ("Barber") designs appeared on United States minor silver coinage (the dime, quarter, and half dollar) from 1892 to 1916. They derive their common name from their designer, Chief Engraver Charles E.
United States Barista Championship The United States Barista Championship or USBC, is a the final round of barista competitions in the United States. Competitors prepare and serve 12 coffee beverages - four espressos, four cappuccinos, and four signature drinks to four sensory judges.
United States Bicycle Motocross Association The United States Bicycle Association (USBA) was a short lived Bicycle Motocross (BMX) national sanctioning body based in Tempe, Arizona. It was founded in March of 1984 by five former members of the American Bicycle Association (ABA): Rich Mann, Dave Cook, Geoff Sims, Steve Schaefer and Rod Keeling, who became the USBA's first President.
United States Bill of Rights The United States Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments limit the powers of the federal government, protecting the rights of all citizens, residents and visitors on United States territory.
United States Bowling Congress The United States Bowling Congress is a Ten-pin bowling organization in the United States of America. It was formed by a merger of the American Bowling Congress, Women's International Bowling Congress, Young American Bowling Alliance, and USA Bowling in 2005.
United States Bullion Depository The United States Bullion Depository is a fortified vault building located near Fort Knox, Kentucky which is used to store a large portion of United States gold metal holdings, as well as from time to time, other precious items belonging to, or entrusted to, the United States of America.
United States case law topical index On finding the simple categorization of United States Supreme Court articles on Wikipedia insufficient for purposes of easily searching for case law that deals with a certain topic, this index is being created to make things easier. Topics are listed alphabetically.
United States civil defense United States Civil Defense refers to the use of civil defense in the history of the United States, which is the organized non-military effort to prepare American civilians for military attack. Over the last twenty years, the term and practice of civil defense have fallen into disuse and have been replaced by emergency management and homeland security.
United States coinage type set United States coinage type set is a visual collection of each of the types of coins produced by the US Mints. A "Type set" collection is enjoyed by some collectors of coins who try to collect one example of as many types of coins as they can.
United States congressional apportionment The allocation among states of the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives changes each decade following the decennial United States Census. Each state is apportioned a number of seats based upon its population.
United States congressional elections, 2004 The Congress of the United States is the United States's federal legislature and consists of two houses, the United States House of Representatives with 435 Representatives apportioned by population and United States Senate with two Senators from each state. Election articles are at:
United States congressional elections, 2008 In November 2008, voters in the United States will elect members of the 111th United States Congress, including all 440 members of the United States House of Representatives (435 voting members and 5 non-voting delegates), and one-third of the United States Senate ("Class 2" senators: 33 out of 100 senators).
United States constitutional law United States Constitutional Law is the body of law governing "the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution." It defines the scope and application of the terms of the Constitution and covers areas of law such as the relationship between the federal government and state governments, the rights of individuals, and other fundamental aspects of the application of government authority in the United States.
United States copyright law in the performing arts Copyright ownership in the theater are most debatable in the direction category. Some directors regard their work as a simple translation from page to stage, but many others calculate that their specific interpretation of the written play is a transformative and wholly separate expression from the playwright's text, thus making their work eligible for copyright protection.
United States court of appeals The United States courts of appeals (or circuit courts) are the mid-level appellate courts of the United States federal court system. A court of appeals decides appeals from the district courts within its federal judicial circuit, and in some instances from other designated federal courts and administrative agencies.
United States Cabinet The United States Cabinet (usually simplified as "the Cabinet") is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States, and its existence dates back to the first American President (George Washington), who appointed a Cabinet of four people to advise and assist him in his duties. Cabinet officers are nominated by the President and then presented to the United States Senate for confirmation or rejection by a simple majority.
United States Capitol Guide Board The Capitol Guide Board is a group of three members who have jurisdiction over the United States Capitol Guide Service. The three members of this board are the Architect of the Capitol, the Senate Sergeant at Arms, and the House Sergeant at Arms.
United States Capitol Guide Service The United States Capitol Guide Service is a guide service charged by the United States Congress to "provide guided tours of the interior of the United States Capitol Building for the education and enlightenment of the general public, without charge for such tours." It exists under Title 2, Chapter 30, Subchapter VII, § 2166 of the U.
United States Capitol Preservation Commission The United States Capitol Preservation Commission was established under Title VIII of Public Law 100-696 () in November 1988 for the purpose of providing for improvements in, preservation of, and acquisitions (including works of fine art and other property for display) for the United States Capitol and other locations under the control of the Congress. In September 1999, the Commission was given the responsibility, pursuant to Public Law 106-57, for approving the planning, engineering, design, and construction milestones of the Capitol Visitor Center (CVC).
United States Capitol Visitor Center The United States Capitol Visitor Center (CVC) is an addition to the United States Capitol which will serve as a gathering point for visitors and tourists. It remains under construction below the East Front of the Capitol.
United States Cavalry The United States Cavalry was a horse-mounted cavalry force that existed in various forms between 1775 and 1942. The Plains Cavalry played an important role in extending American governance into western North America via the assassination of Native Americans and acquisition of their lands during the western Indian Wars, making way for settlers of primarily European origin.
United States Census The United States Census is mandated by the United States Constitution.Constitution of the United States, Article 1, Section 2: "The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct.
United States Census 2000 The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2% over the 248,709,873 persons enumerated during the 1990 Census.
United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. It is the government department responsible for the United States Census.
United States Census, 1790 The United States Census of 1790 was the first Census conducted in the United States. It showed that nearly 4 million people were living in the United States, and that the largest cities were Philadelphia, with 42,000 inhabitants, New York City with 33,000, Boston, with 18,000, Charleston, with 16,000, and Baltimore, with 13,000.
United States Census, 1840 The United States Census of 1840 was the sixth census of the United States. Conducted by the Bureau of the Census on June 1, 1840, it determined the resident population of the United States to be 17,069,453 — an increase of 32.
United States Census, 1850 The United States Census of 1850 was the seventh census of the United States. Conducted by the Bureau of the Census on June 1, 1850, it determined the resident population of the United States to be 23,191,876 — an increase of 35.
United States Census, 1890 The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 1, 1890. The 1890 census announced that the frontier region of the United States no longer existed and therefore the tracking of westward migration would no longer be tabulated in the census.
United States Census, 1900 The Twelfth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21.0 percent over the 62,979,766 persons enumerated during the 1890 Census.
United States Census, 1910 The Thirteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 92,228,496, an increase of 21.0 percent over the 76,212,168 persons enumerated during the 1900 Census.
United States Census, 1920 The Fourteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 106,021,537, an increase of 15.0 percent over the 92,228,496 persons enumerated during the 1910 Census.
United States Census, 1930 The Fifteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 123,202,624, an increase of 16.2 percent over the 106,021,537 persons enumerated during the 1920 Census.
United States Census, 1940 The Sixteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7.3 percent over the 1930 population of 123,202,624 persons.
United States Census, 1950 The Seventeenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 151,325,798, an increase of 14.5 percent over the 132,164,569 persons enumerated during the 1940 Census.
United States Census, 1960 The Eighteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 179,323,175, an increase of 18.5 percent over the 151,325,798 persons enumerated during the 1950 Census.
United States Census, 1970 The Nineteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 203,302,031, an increase of 13.4 percent over the 179,323,175 persons enumerated during the 1960 Census.
United States Census, 1980 The Twentieth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,542,199, an increase of 11.4 percent over the 203,302,031 persons enumerated during the 1970 Census.
United States Census, 1990 The Twenty-first United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9.8 percent over the 226,542,199 persons enumerated during the 1980 Census.
United States Census, 2010 The Twenty-third United States Census will be the next national census in the United States. The census has been conducted every 10 years, as required by the United States Constitution, with the previous one completed in 2000.
United States Central Command Air Forces United States Central Command Air Forces (USCENTAF, or informally just CENTAF) is the Air Force component of United States Central Command. USCENTAF was established and activated on 1 January 1983, at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, and assigned to United States Central Command.
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services The United States Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) is a bureau in the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). It performs many of the functions formerly carried out by the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service, which was part of the Department of Justice.
United States Civil Flag The United States Civil Flag is a permutation of the current national flag that is reputed by some to be the true flag of the United States. According to its proponents, the current flag is actually intended to be the flag of the US Military and military posts, while the flag for civilian use has been dispensed with, lost, suppressed, etc.
United States Civil Military Corps The United States Civil Military Corps (or US CIVIL MILITARY CORPS), is an elite youth military organization that recruits young men and women ages 11-17 to train them in becoming more productive citizens through strict military training.
United States Civil Service Commission The United States Civil Service Commission was created by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which was passed into law on 16 January 1883. The commission was created to administer the civil service of the United States federal government in response to the assassination of President James Garfield by Charles Guiteau, who is said to have been a rejected office seeker.
United States Civilian Reserve Corps A Civilian Reserve Corps was proposed by the president to congress in his State of the Union Address which would function much like the military reserve for the purpose of easing "the burden on the Armed Forces by allowing us to hire civilians with critical skills to serve on missions abroad when America needs them ...[and] it would give people across America who do not wear the uniform a chance to serve in the defining struggle of our time.

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